Fire Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems (eBook)

Andrew F. Blum, R. Thomas Long Jr. (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
XXI, 90 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-1-4939-6556-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Providing a concise overview of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery energy storage systems (ESSs), this book also presents the full-scale fire testing of 100 kilowatt hour (kWh) Li-ion battery ESSs. It details a full-scale fire testing plan to perform an assessment of Li-ion battery ESS fire hazards, developed after a thorough technical study. It documents the results of the testing plan including external and internal ignition testing, ESS positioning, temperature and heat flux measurements, pressure measurement, weather meters, and data acquisition systems.

A comprehensive literature review and gap analysis reveal the current state of research into this vital aspect of energy storage. The authors cover the characteristics and hazards of Li-ion batteries, their anatomy and design, commercial and residential ESSs, historical fire incidents, and ESS codes and regulations.

Researchers and professionals working in fire protection engineering, battery systems engineering, or energy storage will find this book a useful example of a fire testing plan. The results of the hazard assessment offer insights for those involved in electrical, fire, and building codes, as well as practitioners in design standards and fire testing.

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 7
Acknowledgements 8
Contents 9
Acronyms and Abbreviations 12
List of Figures 14
List of Tables 17
1 Background 18
1.1 Project History 18
1.2 Research Objectives and Project Scope 18
1.2.1 Literature Review and Gap Analysis 19
1.2.2 Fire Test Plan 19
1.2.3 Witness of Fire Testing 19
1.2.4 Final Report 20
2 Literature Review and Gap Analysis 21
2.1 Energy Storage Overview 21
2.2 Commercial and Residential ESS Overview 22
2.3 Li-ion Battery Overview 24
2.3.1 Anatomy of a Li-ion Cell 24
2.3.2 Li-ion Cell Characteristics and Hazards 27
2.3.3 Li-ion Battery Design 28
2.4 ESS Codes and Standards 29
2.4.1 Safety Standards 29
2.4.2 Codes and Regulations 33
2.4.2.1 Electrical Codes 33
2.4.2.2 Building and Fire Codes 34
2.5 ESS Fire Incidents 37
2.5.1 Kahuku Wind Energy Storage Farm Battery ESS Fires 38
2.5.2 Arizona Public Service Company ESS Fire 40
2.6 Li-ion Battery Fires 41
2.7 Gap Analysis 42
References 42
3 Testing Program Summary 44
3.1 Test Instrumentation Summary 44
3.2 Full-Scale Fire Protocols 45
3.2.1 External Ignition Testing 45
3.2.2 Internal Ignition Testing 46
4 ESS Description 47
4.1 ESS Battery Pack 47
4.1.1 ESS Design Layout 47
4.2 ESS Safety Features 49
5 Testing Setup 52
5.1 External Ignition Testing 52
5.1.1 ESS Positioning 52
5.1.2 Burner Description (Ignition Source) 52
5.1.3 Temperature and Heat Flux Measurements 55
5.1.4 Pressure Measurements 57
5.1.5 Products of Combustion Gas Sampling 57
5.1.6 Weather Meter 58
5.1.7 Data Acquisition System 58
5.1.8 Still Photography and High Definition Video 58
5.2 Internal Ignition Testing 58
5.2.1 ESS Positioning 58
5.2.2 Internal Failure (Ignition Source) 59
5.2.3 Temperature Measurements 60
5.2.4 Pressure Measurements 62
5.2.5 Products of Combustion Gas Sampling 63
5.2.6 Weather Meter 63
5.2.7 Data Acquisition System 63
5.2.8 Still Photography and High Definition Video 64
6 Test Results 65
6.1 External Ignition Testing 65
6.1.1 Test Observations 65
6.1.2 Temperatures and Heat Flux Measurements 68
6.1.3 Pressure Measurements 70
6.1.4 Gas Sampling Measurements 71
6.1.5 Post Test 71
6.2 Internal Ignition Testing 71
6.2.1 Test Observations 72
6.2.2 Temperatures 73
6.2.3 Pressure Measurements 74
6.2.4 Gas Sampling Measurements 74
6.2.5 Post Test 75
7 Key Findings 76
7.1 Literature Review Summary 76
7.1.1 Electrical, Fire, and Building Codes 76
7.1.2 Design Standards 77
7.1.3 ESS Fires 77
7.1.4 Knowledge Gaps 77
7.2 Test Summary 78
7.2.1 Overall Test Observations 78
7.2.2 Flame Spread Hazards 79
7.2.3 Products of Combustion Hazards 79
8 Recommendations and Future Work 81
Appendix A External Ignition Test: Temperatureand Heat Flux Plots 82
Appendix B External Ignition Test: Pressure Plot 88
Appendix C External Ignition Test: Gas Sampling Plot 89
Appendix D Internal Ignition Test: Temperature Plots 91
Appendix E Internal Ignition Test: Pressure Plots 94
Appendix F Internal Ignition Test: Gas Sampling Plot 96

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 6.8.2016
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Fire
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Fire
• Zusatzinfo: XXI, 90 p. 55 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Schlagworte: batteries • Battery fires • Battery pack • Building Codes • Codes and standards • Combustion hazards • Energy Storage • External ignition testing • Fire protocols • Internal ignition testing • Li-ion • Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk • temperature measurement
• ISBN-10: 1-4939-6556-5 / 1493965565
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4939-6556-4 / 9781493965564