Furniture Design (eBook)

Jerzy Smardzewski (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 2015
X, 649 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-19533-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Maximizing reader insights into the principles of designing furniture as wooden structures, this book discusses issues related to the history of furniture structures, their classification and characteristics, ergonomic approaches to anthropometric requirements and safety of use. It presents key methods and highlights common errors in designing the characteristics of the materials, components, joints and structures, as well as looking at the challenges regarding developing associated design documentation. Including analysis of how designers may go about calculating the stiffness and endurance of parts, joints and whole structures, the book analyzes questions regarding the loss of furniture stability and the resulting threats to health of the user, putting forward a concept of furniture design as an engineering processes. Creating an attractive, functional, ergonomic and safe piece of furniture is not only the fruit of the work of individual architects and artists, but requires an effort of many people working in interdisciplinary teams, this book is designed to add important knowledge to the literature for engineer approaches in furniture design.

Jerzy Smardzewski is a full professor of wood technology, since 1986 he has worked at the Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.

Graduating from the Technical School of Wood Technology (secondary school) in 1981 and in 1986 from the Faculty of Wood Technology in Poznan. Since 2002 he has been a full professor of wood technology, speciality of furniture design and since 2008 he has headed the Department of Furniture Design.

Professor Smardzewski has written 6 books, 371 articles, and 11 patent applications teaching subjects such as Construction of furniture, Technology of furniture, Ergonomics of furniture and history of furniture at the university. Since 1997 till 2001 he was a director in office furniture factory at Balma S.A.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 6
1 The History of Furniture Construction 10
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 Antique Furniture 15
1.2.1 Furniture of Ancient Egypt 15
1.2.2 Furniture of Ancient Assyria and Persia 19
1.2.3 Furniture of Ancient Greece 21
1.2.4 Furniture of Ancient Rome 25
1.3 Furniture of the Middle Ages 28
1.4 Modern Furniture 31
1.4.1 Renaissance Furniture 31
1.4.2 Baroque Furniture 34
1.4.3 Rococo Furniture 37
1.4.4 Classical Furniture 40
1.4.5 Empire Furniture 43
1.4.6 Biedermeier Furniture 46
1.4.7 Eclectic Furniture 49
1.4.8 Art Nouveau Furniture 51
1.4.9 Art Deco Furniture 51
1.4.10 Early Twentieth-Century Furniture 52
References 54
2 Classification and Characteristics of Furniture 55
2.1 Characteristics of Furniture 55
2.2 Classification of Furniture 56
2.2.1 Groups of Furniture According to Their Purpose 57
2.2.2 Groups of Furniture According to Their Functionality 58
2.2.3 Groups of Furniture According to Their Form and Construction 63
2.2.4 Groups of Furniture According to Technology 69
2.2.5 Groups of Furniture According to Their Quality 72
2.3 Characteristic of Case Furniture 73
2.4 Characteristic of Skeletal Furniture 83
2.5 Characteristic of Upholstered Furniture 95
References 103
3 Ergonomics of Furniture 104
3.1 Introduction 104
3.2 Basic Design Requirements 105
3.2.1 Aesthetic Requirements 110
3.2.2 Functional Requirements 112
3.2.3 Construction and Technology Requirements 114
3.2.4 Technical and Economy Requirements 115
3.3 Form and Construction of Furniture 117
3.4 Anthropotechnical Designing 125
3.4.1 Anthropometric Measures of the Human 126
3.4.2 Requirements for Office Furniture 140
3.4.2.1 Dimensional Requirements 140
3.4.2.2 Requirements Concerning Safety of Use 144
3.4.3 Requirements for School Furniture 148
3.4.3.1 Dimensional Requirements 148
3.4.3.2 Requirements for Safety of Use 155
3.4.4 Requirements for Kitchen Furniture 155
3.4.4.1 Dimensional Requirements 155
3.4.4.2 Errors in Measuring Kitchen Areas 159
3.4.4.3 Requirements for Safety of Use 162
3.4.5 Requirements for Furniture for Sitting and Relaxing 163
3.4.5.1 Dimensional Requirements 163
3.4.5.2 Requirements for Safety of Use 165
3.4.6 Requirements for Beds 171
3.4.6.1 Dimensional Requirements 171
3.4.6.2 Quality of Sleep 179
3.4.6.3 Requirements for Safety of Use 180
References 186
4 Introduction to Engineering Design of Furniture 192
4.1 General Information 192
4.2 Methods of Furniture Design and Construction 193
4.3 Designing and Cost Analysis 200
4.4 Errors in Furniture Design 208
4.5 Materials Used in Furniture Design 210
4.5.1 Wood 210
4.5.1.1 General Characteristics of Wood 210
4.5.1.2 Elasticity of Wood 211
4.5.2 Wood-Based Materials 222
4.5.2.1 Structure of Wood-Based Materials 223
4.5.2.2 Elasticity of Wood-Based Materials 229
4.5.3 Leathers and Fabrics 231
4.6 Furniture Joints 233
4.6.1 Joints with Mechanical Connectors 244
4.6.2 Shaped and Shape-Adhesive Joints 245
4.6.2.1 Frontal Parallel Joints 245
4.6.2.2 Longitudinal Parallel Joints 245
4.6.2.3 Flat L-Type Joints 245
4.6.2.4 Flat T-Type Joints 249
4.6.2.5 Flat X-Type Joints 249
4.6.2.6 Plate Frontal Parallel Joints 250
4.6.2.7 Plate Longitudinal Parallel Joints 252
4.6.2.8 Plate L-Type Joints 253
4.6.2.9 Plate T-Type Joints 254
4.6.2.10 Plate X-Type Joints 254
4.7 200EAssemblages, Subassemblages and Elements of Furniture 257
4.7.1 Elements of Furniture 257
4.7.1.1 Board Elements 257
4.7.1.2 Beam and Rod Elements 259
4.7.1.3 Elastic Elements 261
4.7.2 Subassemblages of Furniture 262
4.7.3 Assemblages of Furniture 265
4.8 Construction of Case Furniture 269
4.8.1 Joints of Elements of Furniture Body 270
4.8.2 Joints of Opening Doors with Elements of the Body 271
4.8.3 Joints of Sliding Doors with Elements of the Body 275
4.8.4 Joints of Louvered Doors with Elements of the Body 275
4.8.5 Constructions of Drawers 275
4.8.6 Joints of Rear Wall 277
4.9 Constructions of Skeletal Furniture 279
4.9.1 Constructions of Tables 279
4.9.2 Constructions of Chairs 281
4.10 Constructions of Upholstered Furniture 283
References 288
5 Technical Documentation 291
5.1 Types and Contents of Technical Documentation 291
5.2 Formats of Sheets 295
5.3 Title Blocks 296
5.4 Numbering of Drawings 299
5.5 Storing of Drawings 300
5.6 Normalised Elements of Drawing 306
5.7 Technical Documentation of Case Furniture 313
5.8 Technical Documentation of Skeletal Furniture 314
5.9 Technical Documentation of Upholstered Furniture 319
References 323
6 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Skeletal Furniture 324
6.1 Properties of Skeletal Furniture 324
6.2 Operational Loads on Chairs and Stools 330
6.2.1 Internal Forces in Chair Frames 336
6.2.1.1 Statically Determinate 2-D Structures 336
6.2.1.2 Statically Indeterminate 2-D Structures 338
6.2.2 Stresses in Cross Sections of Elements of Chair and Stool Frames 346
6.2.2.1 Stresses in Rectilinear and Slightly Curved Elements 346
6.2.2.2 Stresses in Highly Curved Prismatic Isotropic Elements 347
6.2.2.3 Stresses in Highly Curved Elements of Round Cross Sections 351
6.2.3 Strength of Joints 352
6.2.3.1 Strength of Adhesive Joints 352
Adhesion Strength of Loaded Joints 352
Peel Strength of Loaded Joints 353
Shearing Strength of Loaded Joints 355
Torsional Strength of Loaded Joints 361
Deformations of Wooden Joints in the Complex Load State 370
Influence of Technological Errors of Glue-Line on the Strength of Joint 376
6.2.3.2 Strength of Shape-Adhesive Joints 381
Strength of Dowel Joints 381
Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints 385
Influence of Wood Species and Shape of Glue-Line on the Strength of Mortise and Tenon Joints 394
Strength of Finger Joints 412
6.2.3.3 Strength of Connector Joints 415
Strength of Nail Joints 415
Strength of Bolt Joints 420
Strength of Screw Joints 421
6.2.4 Stiffness and Stability of Chairs and Stools 423
6.2.4.1 Stiffness of Chairs 423
6.2.4.2 Stability of Chairs and Armchairs 427
6.2.5 Optimisation of Skeletal Furniture 428
6.2.5.1 Aspects of Optimisation 428
6.2.5.2 Mathematical Model of Optimisation 428
6.2.5.3 Deterministic Methods of Optimisation 431
6.2.5.4 Random Methods of Optimisation 434
Systematic Search Method 434
Monte Carlo Method 440
Random Walk Method 445
6.2.5.5 Mixed Methods of Optimisation 448
6.3 Operational Loads on Tables 450
6.3.1 Stresses in Construction Elements 451
References 458
7 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Case Furniture 461
7.1 Properties of Case Furniture 461
7.2 Operational Loads on Furniture During Their Usage 463
7.2.1 Methods of Determining Computational Loads 468
7.2.2 Stiffness of Case Furniture 473
7.2.2.1 Stiffness of Shelves and Horizontal Elements 473
7.2.2.2 Stiffness of Bottoms of Drawers and Containers 481
7.2.2.3 Stiffness of Closet Bars 484
7.2.2.4 Stiffness of Bodies of Furniture 485
7.2.2.5 Stiffness of Socle 494
7.2.2.6 Stiffness of Eccentric Joints 502
7.2.2.7 Stiffness of Screw Joints 511
7.2.2.8 Stability of Side Walls 520
7.2.2.9 Stability of Rear Wall 522
Stability of Board with Articulated Support on Perimeter 525
Stability of Board with Fixed Support on Perimeter 526
Stability of Board with Discontinuous Support on Perimeter 528
7.2.2.10 Stability of Case Furniture 529
7.2.3 Strength of Case Furniture 533
7.2.3.1 State of Internal Forces in Corner Joints 533
7.2.3.2 Strength of Inseparable Joints 535
7.2.3.3 Strength of Separable Joints 537
Strength of Screw Joints 537
Strength of Eccentric Joints 542
7.2.3.4 Strength of Joints of Wall Cupboards 552
7.2.3.5 Strength of Door of Vertical Rotation Axis 553
7.2.3.6 Strength of Door of Horizontal Rotation Axis 556
7.3 Durability of Usage of Case Furniture 557
7.3.1 Reliability of Case Furniture 557
7.3.2 Warranty Services 570
References 574
8 Stiffness and Strength Analysis of Upholstered Furniture 576
8.1 Stiffness and Strength of Upholstery Frames 576
8.2 Properties of Polyurethane Foams 581
8.2.1 Properties of Hyperelastic Polyurethane Foams 581
8.2.2 Mathematical Models of Foams as Hyperelastic Bodies 582
8.2.3 Correctness of Nonlinear Mathematical Models of Polyurethane Foams 596
8.2.4 Stiffness of Hyperelastic Polyurethane Foams 602
8.3 Elastic Properties of Human Body Soft Tissues 605
8.4 Stiffness of Upholstery Springs 611
8.4.1 Stiffness of Cylindrical Springs 611
8.4.2 Stiffness of Conical Springs 615
8.4.3 Modelling of Stiffness of Conical Springs 616
8.5 Parallel Systems of Springs of Various Stiffness 623
8.6 Stiffness of Spring Units 626
8.7 Experimental Testing of Stiffness of Seats 634
8.8 Model of Interaction of the Human-Seat System 636
8.9 Numerical Modelling of Human-Seat Systems 639
8.10 Model of Interaction of the Human-Bed System 645
8.11 Numerical Modelling of Human-Bed Systems 647
References 650

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.6.2015
• Zusatzinfo: X, 649 p. 548 illus., 64 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Furniture Design • Natural Materials • Wood Engineering • Wood Furniture • wood structures
• ISBN-10: 3-319-19533-6 / 3319195336
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-19533-9 / 9783319195339