Structure—Property Relationships in Polymers

Charles E. Carraher Jr., R.B. Seymour (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

246 Seiten

2012 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
978-1-4684-4750-7 (ISBN)

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The first concern of scientists who are interested in synthetic polymers has always been, and still is: How are they synthesized? But right after this comes the question: What have I made, and for what is it good? This leads to the important topic of the structure-property relations to which this book is devoted. Polymers are very large and very complicated systems; their character ization has to begin with the chemical composition, configuration, and con formation of the individual molecule. The first chapter is devoted to this broad objective. The immediate physical consequences, discussed in the second chapter, form the basis for the physical nature of polymers: the supermolecular interactions and arrangements of the individual macromolecules. The third chapter deals with the important question: How are these chemical and physical structures experimentally determined? The existing methods for polymer characterization are enumerated and discussed in this chapter. The following chapters go into more detail. For most applications-textiles, films, molded or extruded objects of all kinds-the mechanical and the thermal behaviors of polymers are of pre ponderant importance, followed by optical and electric properties. Chapters 4 through 9 describe how such properties are rooted in and dependent on the chemical structure. More-detailed considerations are given to certain particularly important and critical properties such as the solubility and permeability of polymeric systems. Macromolecules are not always the final goal of the chemist-they may act as intermediates, reactants, or catalysts. This topic is presented in Chapters 10 and 11.

1. Chemical Structure of Polymers.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Shapes and Energy Considerations.- 1.3 Copolymers.- 1.4 Heteroatomic Polymers.- 1.5 References.- 2. Physical Structure of Polymers.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Melt Viscosity.- 2.3 Interchain and Intrachain Forces.- 2.4 Glass Transition Temperature.- 2.5 Crystallinity.- 2.6 Elastomers.- 2.7 Fibers.- 2.8 Plastics.- 2.9 References.- 3. Tests for Properties of Polymers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Thermal Tests.- 3.3 Solubility Tests.- 3.4 Tests for Diffusion and Permeability.- 3.5 Tests for Mechanical Properties.- 3.6 Tests for Optical Properties.- 3.7 Flammability Tests.- 3.8 Tests for Electric Properties.- 3.9 Tests for Chemical Resistance.- 3.10 Weatherability.- 3.11 References.- 4. Optical Properties of Polymers.- 4.1 General.- 4.2 Refractive Index.- 4.3 Optical Clarity.- 4.4 Absorption and Reflectance.- 4.5 References.- 5. Mechanical Properties of Polymers.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Molecular Weight.- 5.3 Crystallinity.- 5.4 Temperature.- 5.5 Polar Substituents.- 5.6 Additives.- 5.7 Pressure.- 5.8 Physical Models.- 5.9 Viscoelasticity.- 5.10 References.- 6. Electric Properties of Polymers.- 6.1 Dielectric Properties—Contributions.- 6.2 Derealization.- 6.3 Direct Current Measurements.- 6.4 Dielectric Constant.- 6.5 Alternating Current.- 6.6 General.- 6.7 References.- 7. Thermal Properties of Polymers.- 7.1 Glass Transition and Melting Range.- 7.2 Copolymers.- 7.3 Additives.- 7.4 Thermal Conductivity.- 7.5 Heat Capacity.- 7.6 Thermal Linear Expansivity.- 7.7 Thermal Stability.- 7.8 References.- 8. Solubility.- 8.1 Solubility Parameter.- 8.2 Polymer Compatibility.- 8.3 Viscosity.- 8.4 References.- 9. Diffusion and Permeation of Gas and Vapors in Polymers.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 References.- 10. Chemical Resistance ofPolymers.- 10.1 Rate of Attack.- 10.2 Chemical Oxidation.- 10.3 Stress Cracking and Crazing.- 10.4 Combustion.- 10.5 Polyolefins.- 10.6 Halogenated Aliphatic Polymers.- 10.7 Hydroxyl-Containing Polymers.- 10.8 Condensation Polymers.- 10.9 Aromatic Polymers.- 10.10 References.- 11. Effect of Additives on Polymers.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Fillers.- 11.3 Reinforcements.- 11.4 Coupling Agents.- 11.5 Antioxidants.- 11.6 Ultraviolet Light Stabilizers.- 11.7 Flame Retardants.- 11.8 Plasticizers.- 11.9 Heat Stabilizers.- 11.10 Impact Modifiers.- 11.11 Other Additives.- 11.12 References.- 12. Properties of Polyolefins.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 High-Density Polyethylene.- 12.3 Low-Density Polyethylene.- 12.4 Copolymers of Ethylene.- 12.5 Crosslinked Polyethylene.- 12.6 Polypropylene.- 12.7 Copolymers of Propylene.- 12.8 Polyisobutylene.- 12.9 Poly-1-butene.- 12.10 Poly-4-methylpentene-1.- 12.11 Polyalkadienes.- 12.12 References.- 13. Polymeric Hydrocarbons with Pendant Groups.- 13.1 Polystyrene.- 13.2 Styrene Copolymers.- 13.3 Substituted Styrene Polymers.- 13.4 Polyvinyl Chloride and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride.- 13.5 Copolymers of Vinyl Chloride and of Vinylidene Chloride.- 13.6 Fluorine-Containing Polymers and Copolymers.- 13.7 Polymers and Copolymers of Acrylonitrile.- 13.8 Polymers and Copolymers of Acrylamide and Methacrylamide.- 13.9 Polymers and Copolymers of Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid.- 13.10 Polymers and Copolymers of Alkyl Acrylates.- 13.11 Polyalkyl-2-cyanoacrylates.- 13.12 Polymers and Copolymers of Alkyl Methacrylates.- 13.13 Polyvinyl Acetate.- 13.14 Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinyl Acetals.- 13.15 Polyvinyl Methyl Ether.- 13.16 Polyvinyl-2-pyrrolidone.- 13.17 Poly-N-vinylcarbazole.- 13.18 Polychloroprene.- 13.19 References.- 14. Aliphatic Polymers with Heteroatom Chains.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Polyethers.- 14.3 Polyolefin Polysulfides.- 14.4 Aliphatic Polyesters.- 14.5 Nylons.- 14.6 Polyurethanes and Polyureas.- 14.7 Polypeptides—Proteins.- 14.8 Polysaccharides.- 14.9 Modified Cellulosics.- 14.10 Silicones (Siloxanes).- 14.11 Polyphosphazenes.- 14.12 References.- 15. High-Performance Polymers.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Alkyds, Polyesters, and Allylic Resins.- 15.3 Phenolic Resins.- 15.4 Amino and Amido-Derived Resins.- 15.5 Epoxy Resins.- 15.6 Furan Resins.- 15.7 Polycarbonates.- 15.8 Polyarylether Ketones.- 15.9 Polyaryl Sulfones.- 15.10 Polyphenylene Oxide and Phenoxy Resins.- 15.11 Polyphenylene Sulfide.- 15.12 References.- 16. Selection of Polymers for Special Applications.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Water-Soluble Polymers.- 16.3 Oil-Soluble Polymers.- 16.4 Oil-Insoluble Polymers.- 16.5 Flame-Retardant Polymers.- 16.6 Flexible Polymers.- 16.7 Water-Repellent Polymers.- 16.8 Heat-Resistant Polymers.- 16.9 Polymers with Resistance to Gaseous Permeation.- 16.10 Transparent Polymers.- 16.11 Insulating Polymers.- 16.12 Adhesive Polymers.- 16.13 Coatings.- 16.14 Corrosion-Resistant Polymers.- 16.15 References.- Appendix: Acronyms and Abbreviations.

Zusatzinfo	246 p.
Verlagsort	New York, NY
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Themenwelt	Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Garten
	Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Anorganische Chemie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Physikalische Chemie
	Technik ► Maschinenbau
ISBN-10	1-4684-4750-5 / 1468447505
ISBN-13	978-1-4684-4750-7 / 9781468447507
Zustand	Neuware