Introduction to Organic Geochemistry (eBook)

Stephen D. Killops, Vanessa J. Killops (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2. Auflage
408 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-4443-1152-5 (ISBN)

Infos

An Introduction to Organic Geochemistry explores the fate of organic matter of all types, biogenic and man-made, in the Earth System. investigates the variety of pathways and biogeochemical transformations that carbon compounds can experience over a range of time scales and in different environments scope widened to provide a broad and up-to-date background - structured to accommodate readers with varied scientific backgrounds essential terminology is defined fully and boxes are used to explain concepts introduced from other disciplines further study aided by the incorporation of carefully selected literature references It investigates the variety of pathways and biogeochemical transformations that carbon compounds can experience over a range of time scales and in different environments.

Autor

Dr Steve Killops has been active in the field of organic geochemistry for some 20 years, in both academic and commercial sectors. He is a former lecturer in organic geochemistry at Royal Holloway College, London University and more recently the organic geochemist at the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences in New Zealand. He is currently a consultant petroleum geochemist. Vanessa Killops is a geologist and organic geochemist and has worked in petroleum exploration. She has also worked in New Zealand at the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences as a contract geological scientist and in the UK on a consultancy basis.

Inhalt

Preface.

1 Carbon, the Earth and life.

1.1 Carbon and the basic requirements of life.

1.2 Chemical elements, simple compounds and their origins.

1.3 The origin of life.

1.4 Evolution of life and the atmosphere.

1.5 Major contributors to sedimentary organic matter.

2 Chemical composition of biogenic matter.

2.1 Structure of natural products.

2.2 Carbohydrates.

2.3 Amino acids and proteins.

2.4 Lipids.

2.5 Lignins, tannins and related compounds.

2.6 Nucleotides and nucleic acids.

2.7 Geochemical implications of compositional variation.

3 Production, preservation and degradation of organic
matter.

3.1 How and why organic-rich deposits form.

3.2 Controls on primary production.

3.3 Preservation and degradation of organic matter.

3.4 Depositional environments associated with accumulation of
organic matter.

4 Long-term fate of organic matter in the geosphere.

4.1 Diagenesis.

4.2 Humic material.

4.3 Coal.

4.4 Kerogen.

4.5 Catagenesis and metagenesis.

4.6 Temporal and geographical distribution of fossil organic
carbon.

5 Chemical stratigraphy.

5.1 Biologically mediated transformations.

5.2 Examples of source indicators in recent sediments.

5.3 Diagenesis at the molecular level.

5.4 Source and environment indicators in ancient sediments and
oil.

5.5 Thermal maturity and molecular transformations.

5.6 Palaeotemperature and age measurement.

5.7 Maturity of ancient sedimentary organic matter.

5.8 Isotopic palaeontology.

6 The carbon cycle and climate.

6.1 Global carbon cycle.

6.2 Changes in carbon reservoirs over geological time.

6.3 Palaeoclimatic variations.

6.4 Isotopic excursions at period boundaries.

6.5 Human influence on the carbon cycle.

7 Anthropogenic carbon and the environment.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Halocarbons.

7.3 Hydrocarbon pollution in aquatic environments.

7.4 Endocrine disrupting chemicals.

7.5 Environmental behaviour of selected xenobiotic
compounds.

7.6 Factors affecting the rate of anthropogenic components.

Appendix 1: SI units used.

Appendix 2: SI unit prefixes.

Appendix 3: Geological timescale.

References.

Index.

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.4.2009
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: earth sciences • Geologie u. Geophysik • Geology & Geophysics • Geowissenschaften
• ISBN-10: 1-4443-1152-2 / 1444311522
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4443-1152-5 / 9781444311525