State of the World's Oceans (eBook)

Michelle Allsopp, Stefan E. Pambuccian, Paul Johnston, David Santillo (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2009
XIV, 256 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-1-4020-9116-2 (ISBN)

Infos

The world's oceans cover 70% of the earth's surface and are home to a myriad of amazing and beautiful creatures. However, the biodiversity of the oceans is incre- ingly coming under serious threat from many human activities including overfi- ing, use of destructive fishing methods, pollution and commercial aquaculture. In addition, climate change is already having an impact on some marine ecosystems. This book discusses some of the major threats facing marine ecosystems by cons- ering a range of topics, under chapters discussing biodiversity (Chapter 1), fisheries (Chapter 2), aquaculture (Chapter 3), pollution (Chapter 4) and the impacts of increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Chapter 5). It goes on to explore solutions to the problems by discussing equitable and sustainable management of the oceans (Chapter 6) and protecting marine ecosystems using marine reserves (Chapter 7). Presently, 76% of the oceans are fully or over-exploited with respect to fishing, and many species have been severely depleted. It is abundantly clear that, in general, current fisheries management regimes are to blame for much of the widespread degradation of the oceans. Many policy-makers and scientists now agree that we must adopt a radical new approach to managing the seas - one that is precautionary in nature and has protection of the whole marine ecosystem as its primary objective. This 'ecosystem-based approach' is vital if we are to ensure the health of our oceans for future generations.

Inhalt

1 Biodiversity
1.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
1.2 The Deep Oceans
1.3 Biodiversity Hotspots at Sea in the Pelagic (Open Water) Zone
1.4 Coral Reefs
1.5 Mangroves
1.6 Seagrasses
2 Fisheries
2.1 Introduction
2.2 State of the World's Fish Stocks
2.3 Fishery Collapses and Declines of Marine Fish
2.4 Whaling and Declines of Cetaceans (Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises)
2.5 Fishing Methods of Concern
2.6 By-catch of Seabirds, Marine Mammals and Turtles
2.7 Towards Sustainable Fisheries

3 Aquaculture
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Negative Impacts of Aquaculture on People and on the Environment
3.3 Use of Fishmeal, Fish Oil and Low Value or 'Trash' Fish in Aquaculture Feeds, and Associated Problems
3.4 Moving Towards More Sustainable Aquaculture Feedstuffs
3.5 Moving Towards More Sustainable Aquaculture Systems
3.6 Recommendations
4 Pollution
4.1 Chemical Pollution
4.2 Radioactive Pollution
4.3 Nutrient Pollution and Marine 'Dead Zones'
4.4 Oil Pollution
4.5 Plastic Debris
5 Increasing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Impacts on the Marine Environment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sea Surface Temperature Increase
5.3 Sea-Level rise
5.4 Climate Change and Fishing
5.6 Climate Change and the Arctic
5.7 Climate Change and the Antarctic
5.8 Ocean Acidification and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms
5.9 The Way Forward
6 Equity
6.1 Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (Pirate Fishing)
6.2 Tuna Ranching and Pirate Fishing: Wiping out Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea
6.3 Freedom for the Seas
6.4 Unfair Fisheries
6.5 Trade Liberalisation (Free Trade) Means Empty Oceans
6.6 Towards Sustainable Fisheries
7 Marine Reserves
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Marine Reserves Defined
7.3 Benefits of Marine Reserves
7.4 Planning ofMarine Reserves
7.5 Implementation of Marine Reserves
Conclusion
Appendix
References
Index

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.12.2008
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 256 p.
• Verlagsort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Limnologie / Meeresbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Aquaculture • biodiversity • Environment • Fish and Wildlife Biology • fisheries • Greenpeace • Hotspot • Marine • Marine Organisms • nature conservation • ocean • Ocean Acidification • Oceans
• ISBN-10: 1-4020-9116-8 / 1402091168
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4020-9116-2 / 9781402091162