Crystallization (eBook)

J W Mullin (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2001 | 4. Auflage
600 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053011-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Since the first publication of this definitive work nearly 40 years ago, this fourth edition has been completely rewritten.


Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials.

Incorporating all the recent developments and applications of crystallization technology, Crystallization gives clear accounts of the underlying principles, a review of the past and current research themes and guidelines for equipment and process design. This new edition introduces and enlarges upon such subjects as:

? Control and Separation of polymorphs and chiral crystals
? Micro- and macro-mixing and the use of computer fluid dynamics
? Seeding and secondary nucleation in batch crystallization processes
? Incorporation of upstream and downstream requirements into design procedures for crystallization plant
? Computer-aided molecular design and its use in crystal habit modifier selection

Crystallization provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers and industrial chemists in the process industries as well as crystallization workers and students in industry and academia.

Crystallization is written with the precision and clarity of style that is John Mullin's hallmark - a special feature being the large number of appendices that provide relevant physical property data.

Covers all new developments and trends in crystallization.

Comprehensive coverage of subject area.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 4
Preface to Fourth Edition 7
Preface to First Edition 9
Nomenclature and units 11
Chapter 1. The crystalline state 16
1.1 Liquid crystals 16
1.2 Crystalline solids 18
1.3 Crystal symmetry 19
1.4 Crystal systems 22
1.5 Miller indices 25
1.6 Space lattices 28
1.7 Solid state bonding 30
1.8 Isomorphs and polymorphs 31
1.9 Enantiomorphs and chirality 33
1.10 Crystal habit 37
1.11 Dendrites 39
1.12 Composite crystals and twins 40
1.13 Imperfections in crystals 42
Chapter 2. Physical and thermal properties 47
2.1 Density 47
2.2 Viscosity 50
2.3 Surface tension 54
2.4 Diffusivity 56
2.5 Refractive index 62
2.6 Electrolytic conductivity 63
2.7 Crystal hardness 63
2.8 Units of heat 64
2.9 Heat capacity 65
2.10 Thermal conductivity 69
2.11 Boiling, freezing and melting points 70
2.12 Enthalpies of phase change 73
2.13 Heats of solution and crystallization 77
2.14 Size classification of crystals 79
Chapter 3. Solutions and solubility 101
3.1 Solutions and melts 101
3.2 Solvent selection 101
3.3 Expression of solution composition 105
3.4 Solubility correlations 107
3.5 Theoretical crystal yield 111
3.6 Ideal and non-ideal solutions 113
3.7 Particle size and solubility 123
3.8 Effect of impurities on solubility 125
3.9 Measurement of solubility 127
3.10 Prediction of solubility 135
3.11 Solubility data sources 138
3.12 Supersolubility 138
3.13 Solution structure 147
Chapter 4. Phase equilibria 150
4.1 The phase rule 150
4.2 One-component systems 151
4.3 Two-component systems 154
4.4 Enthalpy–composition diagrams 161
4.5 Phase change detection 166
4.6 Three-component systems 171
4.7 Four-component systems 184
4.8 'Dynamic' phase diagrams 194
Chapter 5. Nucleation 196
5.1 Primary nucleation 197
5.2 Secondary nucleation 210
5.3 Metastable zone widths 216
5.4 Effect of impurities 220
5.5 Induction and latent periods 221
5.6 Interfacial tension 225
5.7 Ostwald's rule of stages 229
Chapter 6. Crystal growth 231
6.1 Crystal growth theories 231
6.2 Growth rate measurements 251
6.3 Crystal growth and dissolution 275
6.4 Crystal habit modification 284
6.5 Polymorphs and phase transformations 295
6.6 Inclusions 299
Chapter 7. Recrystallization 304
7.1 Recrystallization schemes 304
7.2 Resolution of racemates 310
7.3 Isolation of polymorphs 315
7.4 Recrystallization from supercritical fluids 317
7.5 Zone refining 318
7.6 Single crystals 324
Chapter 8. Industrial techniques and equipment 330
8.1 Precipitation 330
8.2 Crystallization from melts 358
8.3 Sublimation 373
8.4 Crystallization from solution 383
Chapter 9. Crystallizer design and operation 418
9.1 Crystal size distribution (CSD) 418
9.2 Kinetic data measurement and utilization 445
9.3 Crystallizer specification 449
9.4 Fluid–particle suspensions 466
9.5 Encrustation 474
9.6 Caking of crystals 478
9.7 Downstream processes 482
Appendix 493
References 551
Author index 592
Subject index 602

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 9.5.2001
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Mineralogie / Paläontologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053011-7 / 0080530117
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053011-6 / 9780080530116