Pediatric Orthopedic Deformities (eBook)

Frederic Shapiro (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 1. Auflage
953 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053856-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Specific operative and nonoperative techniques and their results are stressed. The book is extensively illustrated with drawings, most of which were made for this book, microscopy photos, and serial radiographs. The reader learns of pediatric orthopedic deformity in relation to normal and abnormal developmental biology, the worsening of untreated disease with growth, and the diagnostic and treatment interventions required based on the stage of progression.* Treatments are correlated with the pathologic state of the disorder* Discusses disorders from earliest onset to the final state showing how the altered biology leads to progressively greater clinical deformity* Initial chapter focuses on development bone biology stressing a broad based approach involving histologic, gene and molecular, and biomechanical features* Subsequent chapters discuss the pathogenesis of the various deformities, natural history, radiographic and imaging findings and orthopaedic and surgical management

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Pediatric Orthopedic Deformities: Basic Science, Diagnosis, and Treatment 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 18
Acknowledgments 20
Part I: Basic Information 22
Chapter 1. Developmental Bone Biology 24
I. Terminology 24
II. Early Scientific Understandings of Bone Growth 26
III. Embryology of the Limbs 29
IV. Bone Development at the Light Microscopic Level Following Delineation of the Cell Theory and Advances in Microscopy and Histochemistry 34
V. More Detailed Histologic Studies of Bone Formation 37
VI. Fate of the Hypertrophic Chondrocyte as Interpreted from Light Microscopic Studies 40
VII. Structural Development of the Epiphyseal Regions Including the Joints, The Metaphyses, and the Diaphyses 42
VIII. Axes Along which Bones are Patterned 74
IX. Gene and Molecular Controls of Limb Development 79
X. Chemistry of the Extracellular Matrix 103
XI. Mineralization 114
XlI. Epiphyseal Growth 117
XIIl. Responses of Developing Bones and Epiphyses to Mechanical Stresses 120
XIV. Radiographic Characteristics in Development of Major Long Bone Epiphyses 132
XV. Why Epiphyses form and the Evolution of Epiphyses 139
References 140
Chapter 2: lmaging Approaches for Epiphyseal Assessment 150
I. Introduction 150
II. Technical Considerations 150
III. Imaging Characteristics 154
IV. Normal and Abnormal Growth and Ossification 156
V. Imaging of Abnormalities by Location: Disorders of the Lower Extremity 163
VI. Imaging of Disorders by Location: Disorders of the Upper Extremity 168
References 169
Part II: Disorders of the Developing Hip and Knee 172
Chapter 3. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 174
I. Terminology 174
II. Development of the Hip– Embryonic and Fetal Periods 175
III. Primary Etiologies of Hip Maldevelopment 181
IV. Etiology and Pathoanatomy of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 182
V. Epidemiology and Its Relation to Pathophysiology 213
VI. Summary of Pathoanatomic and Pathophysiologic Findings and Discussion of Pathogenetic Sequences 216
VII. Natural History of Hip Dislocations, Subluxations, and Dysplasia 219
VIII. Brief History of Treatment Approaches in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 220
IX. Imaging Techniques Used to Assess Hip Position 234
X. Assessments of Hip Growth and Development Following Closed and Open Treatments 253
XI. Treatment Based on the State of the Underlying Pathoanatomy, Including Secondary Changes 255
XII. Avascular Necrosis as a Complication of Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 260
References 283
Chapter 4. Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease 293
I. Definition 293
II. Original Recognition of Disorder 293
III. Clinical Profile 297
IV. Early Pathologic Reports of Cell and Tissue Changes in Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease 302
V. Subsequent Pathologic Reports with Better Defined Clinical and Radiographic Correlations 306
VI. Early Correlation of Radiographic with Histopathologic and Clinical Features of Legg–Perthes from the Incipient Stage to the Residual Stage 318
VII. Pathoanatomic Changes and their Relation to the Clinical, Radiologic, and Other Imaging Findings 318
VIII. Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies with Legg–Perthes Disease 342
IX. Prognostic Indicators During the Active Disease Process 344
X. Classifications Defining Results Based on Appearances at Skeletal Maturity at the End of Repair 350
XI. Treatment Approaches to Legg–Perthes Disease 357
References 389
Chapter 5. Coxa Vara in Developmental and Acquired Abnormalities of the Femur 397
I. Coxa Vara: General Overview 397
II. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 399
III. Developmental Abnormalities of the Femur 457
IV. Infantile Coxa Vara 464
References 476
Chapter 6. Developmental Disorders of the Knee 483
I. Normal Developmental Variability 483
II. Osteochondritis Dissecans of Distal Femur 486
III. Infantile Tibia Vara (Blount's Disease) 500
IV. Adolescent Tibia Vara 514
V. Osgood–Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Chronic Traumatic Apophysitis) 518
VI. Congenital Dislocation of the Knee 528
VII. Valgus Angulation Following Proximal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures in Childhood 531
VIII. Disorders of the Proximal Fibular Epiphysis 532
References 533
Part III: Deformities Due to Disorders Primarily Affecting the Epiphyses and Metaphyses 538
Chapter 7. Epiphyseal Growth Plate Fracture–Separations 540
I. Introduction: Pre-Radiographic Era, Pathoanatomic Approaches, and Pathophysiologic Approaches 540
II. Clinical and Experimental Investigations of Growth Plate Fracture-Separations in the Pre-radiographic Era 540
III. Clinical Approaches to Growth Plate Fracture–Separations in the Radiographic Era 552
IV. Pathophysiologic Approaches to Growth Plate Fracture–Separations 558
V. General Clinical Profile of Growth Plate Fracture–Separations 577
VI. Clinical Features of Acute Epiphyseal Fracture–Separations 581
VII. Traumatic Damage to Growth Plates by Pathologic, Chronic Repetitive, and Indirect Effects 613
VIII. Management of Negative Sequelae of Growth Plate Fracture–Separations 617
References 618
Chapter 8. Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies 627
I. Terminology 627
II. Clinically Significant Length Discrepancies 627
III. Limb Length Determination 631
IV. Causes of Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies 632
V. Developmental Patterns in Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies 633
VI. Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies in Specific Disease Entities: Pathoanatomy, Pathophysiology, Developmental Patterns, and Ranges of Discrepancies 636
VII. Projection of Limb Length Discrepancies by the Time Skeletal Maturity is Reached 674
VIII. Use of the Developmental Pattern Classification in Projecting Limb Length Discrepancies 682
IX. Managment of Lower Extremity Length Discrepancies 684
X. Direct Operation on Epiphyses to Enhance Growth Potential by Removing Focal Transphyseal Tethers 727
References 741
Chapter 9. Skeletal Dysplasias 754
I. Terminology 754
II. Classification Approaches 754
III. Prevalence of Skeletal Dysplasias 759
IV. Diagnosis of Skeletal Dysplasias 759
V. Chromosome Abnormality Sites in Skeletal Dysplasias 765
VI. Genetic and Molecular Abnormalities in Skeletal Dysplasias 765
VII. Lethal Perinatal Skeletal Dysplasias 776
VIII. Microstructural– Morphologic Abnormalities of the Epiphyses and Metaphyses in Skeletal Dysplasias 782
IX. Histopathologic Changes in Specific Chondrodysplasias 790
X. Orthopedic Deformities in Skeletal Dysplasias---Regional Abnormalities and their Relation to Clinically Significant Deformity 799
XI. Limb Lengthening 815
XII. Review of Specific Skeletal Dysplasias: Pathobiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics, and Orthopedic Management 815
XIII. Anesthetic Implications in the Skeletal Dysplasias 881
References 882
Chapter 10. Epiphyseal and Metaphyseal Involvement with Metabolic, Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Infectious, and Hematologic Disorders 893
I. Rickets 893
II. Inflammatory Disorders 910
llI. Neoplastic Disorders of Epiphyses 915
IV. Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis 918
V. Hematologic Disorders 930
References 948
Index 956

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.1.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie ► Unfallchirurgie / Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pädiatrie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Behandlungstechniken
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053856-8 / 0080538568
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053856-3 / 9780080538563