Coastal and Estuarine Fine Sediment Processes (eBook)

W.H. McAnally, A.J. Mehta (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2001 | 1. Auflage
540 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-052925-7 (ISBN)

Infos

The INTERCOH series of conferences bring together the world's leading researchers and practitioners in cohesive sediment transport processes to share recent insights. This book presents papers that examine the spectrum of fine sediment transport related science and engineering, including the basics and applications of flocculation, settling, deposition, and erosion, advanced numerical models used in engineering practice, and applications to mud flats and harbor siltation.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 10
Preface 6
Contributing Authors 22
Chapter 1. Cohesive sediment transport modeling: European perspective 32
1 INTRODUCTION 32
2 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 32
3 SEDIMENT-TURBULENCE INTERACTION 37
4 BED DYNAMICS 40
5 PIONEERING AREAS 42
6 CONCLUSIONS 44
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 44
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 2. Collisional aggregation of fine estuarial sediment 50
1 INTRODUCTION 50
2 COHESION 51
3 AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS 52
4 COLLISIONS 53
5 SHEAR STRESSES ON AGGREGATES 59
6 COLLISION EFFICIENCY AND COLLISION DIAMETER FUNCTION 60
7 CONCLUSIONS 68
8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 68
REFERENCES 68
Chapter 3. Erosion of a deposited layer of cohesive sediment 72
1 INTRODUCTION 72
2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 75
3 EROSION RATE DETERMINATION 77
4 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 79
5 CONCLUSIONS 80
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 82
REFERENCES 82
Chapter 4. Critical shear stress for cohesive sediment transport 84
1 INTRODUCTION 84
2 MUD LAYER SURFACE PATTERNS 85
3 ELECTROCHEMICAL EFFECT 85
4 FORCES ON PARTICLES 86
5 ANCHORING FORCE 87
6 CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS 90
7 CONCLUSIONS 91
REFERENCES 92
Chapter 5. Mud scour on a slope under breaking waves 94
1 INTRODUCTION 94
2 IMPACT OF BREAKING WAVE ACTION 95
3 BREAKING WAVE EXPERIMENTS 97
4 RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 102
5 SCOUR EXPERIMENTS 104
6 CONCLUSIONS 108
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 108
REFERENCES 108
Chapter 6. Fluid mud in the wave-dominated environment revisited 110
1 INTRODUCTION 110
2 CRITERION FOR FLUID MUD GENERATION 112
3 FLUID MUD THICKNESS 114
4 FLUME DATA 116
5 LAKE OKEECHOBEE 118
6 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 121
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 122
REFERENCES 123
Chapter 7. Response of stratified muddy beds to water waves 126
1 INTRODUCTION 126
2 ANALYTIC MODELING 128
3 NON-LINEAR RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR 131
4 APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTICAL MODEL 133
5 RESULTS 134
REFERENCES 139
Chapter 8. Assessment of the erodibility of fine/coarse sediment mixtures 140
1 INTRODUCTION 140
2 THRESHOLD FOR SINGLE GRAIN SIZE 141
3 THRESHOLD FOR FINE/COARSE GRAIN MIXTURES 143
4 FLUME DATA 145
5 RATE OF EROSION 150
6 CONCLUSIONS 153
REFERENCES 154
Chapter 9. Rapid siltation from saturated mud suspensions 156
1 INTRODUCTION 156
2 THE 1DV POINT MODEL 158
3 THE CONCEPT OF SATURATION 161
4 FIELD MEASUREMENTS 165
5 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS 165
6 PROGNOSTIC SIMULATIONS 173
7 DISCUSSION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 175
8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 176
REFERENCES 176
Chapter 10. Density development during erosion of cohesive sediment 178
1 INTRODUCTION 178
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 178
3 RESULTS 181
4 CONCLUSIONS 186
REFERENCES 186
Chapter 11. Clay-silt sediment modeling using multiple grain classes. Part I: Settling and deposition 188
1 INTRODUCTION 188
2 SIZE-SPECTRA RESPONSE TO DEPOSITION 189
3 NUMERICAL METHODS 191
4 RESULTS OF NUMERICAL DEPOSITION EXPERIMENTS 199
5 CONCLUSIONS 201
REFERENCES 201
Chapter 12. Clay-silt sediment modeling using multiple grain classes. Part II: Application to shallow-water resuspension and deposition 204
1 INTRODUCTION 204
2 METHODS 206
3 RESULTS 212
4 CONCLUSIONS 216
REFERENCES 217
Chapter 13. Analysis of nearshore cohesive sediment depositional process using fractals 220
1 INTRODUCTION 220
2 METHOD 221
3 RESULTS 224
4 DISCUSSION 229
5 CONCLUSIONS 230
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 230
REFERENCES 230
Chapter 14. Laboratory experiments on consolidation and strength of bottom mud 232
1 INTRODUCTION 232
2 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 233
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 235
4 EFFECTIVE STRESS AND PERMEABILITY 237
5 PEAK SHEAR STRESS 242
6 CONCLUSIONS 243
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 243
REFERENCES 243
Chapter 15. A framework for cohesive sediment transport simulation for the coastal waters of Korea 246
1 INTRODUCTION 246
2 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PREDICTION 247
3 COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 249
4 FIRST PHASE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT SIMULATION 250
5 SIMULATION TEST 254
6 CONCLUSIONS 255
REFERENCES 258
Chapter 16. Application of the continuous modeling concept to simulate high- concentration suspended sediment in a macrotidal estuary 260
1 INTRODUCTION 260
2 MAIN FEATURES OF THE IDV CONTINUOUS MODEL 262
3 STEADY STATE SIMULATIONS 267
4 FLUID MUD FLOW IN THE GIRONDE 271
5 CONCLUSIONS 276
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 276
REFERENCES 277
Chapter 17. Modeling of fluid mud flow on an inclined bed 280
1 INTRODUCTION 280
2 MOVEMENT OF FLUID MUD ON AN INCLINED BED 281
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION 283
4 NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND DISCUSSION 288
5 CONCLUSIONS 290
REFERENCES 291
Chapter 18. Predicting the profile of intertidal mudflats formed by cross-shore tidal currents 294
1 INTRODUCTION 294
2 FORCING ON MUDFLATS 295
3 TIME AND SPACE SCALES 297
4 EQUILIBRIUM PROFILE 298
5 SIMULATED ANNEALING METHOD 301
6 MORPHODYNAMIC APPROACH 303
7 CALCULATED PROFILES 303
8 COMBINATION OF CONDITIONS 310
9 DISCUSSION 311
10 CONCLUSIONS 314
11 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 314
REFERENCES 315
Chapter 19. Monitoring of suspended sediment concentration using vessels and remote sensing 318
1 INTRODUCTION 318
2 INSTRUMENTATION 319
3 IMPLEMENTATION TESTS 320
4 CONCLUSIONS 327
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 329
REFERENCES 329
Chapter 20. Seasonal variability of sediment erodibility and properties on a macrotidal mudflat, Peterstone Wentlooge, Severn estuary, UK 332
1 INTRODUCTION 332
2 SITE DESCRIPTION 334
3 MONITORING STRATEGY 336
4 MEASUREMENTS 336
5 METHODS 337
6 RESULTS 339
7 DISCUSSION 348
8 CONCLUSIONS 350
9 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 351
REFERENCES 351
Chapter 21. Observations of long and short term variations in the bed elevation of a macro-tidal mudflat 354
1 INTRODUCTION 354
2 METHODOLOGY 357
3 RESULTS 359
4 DISCUSSION 369
5 CONCLUSIONS 372
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 372
REFERENCES 372
Chapter 22. Influence of salinity, bottom topography, and tides on locations of estuarine turbidity maxima in northern San Francisco Bay 374
1 INTRODUCTION 374
2 STUDY AREA 376
3 VERTICAL PROFILE AND TIME-SERIES DATA 377
4 RESULTS: CRUISE DATA 378
5 RESULTS: TIDALLY AVERAGED TIME-SERIES DATA 378
6 DISCUSSION 380
7 CONCLUSIONS 386
8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 386
REFERENCES 387
Chapter 23. Boundary layer effects due to suspended sediment in the Amazon River estuary 390
1 INTRODUCTION 390
2 VELOCITY AND SSC STRUCTURES 390
3 BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTER 395
4 TIDAL VELOCITY 399
5 BOTTOM SHEAR STRESS 400
6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 402
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 403
REFERENCES 403
Chapter 24. Modeling mechanisms for the stability of the turbidity maximum in the Gironde estuary, France 404
1 INTRODUCTION 404
2 THE GIRONDE ESTUARY 405
3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE MODELS 406
4 RESULTS 408
5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 413
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 416
REFERENCES 416
Chapter 25. The role of fecal pellets in sediment settling at an intertidal mudflat, the Danish Wadden Sea 418
1 INTRODUCTION 418
2 STUDY SITE 419
3 METHODS 421
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 422
5 CONCLUSIONS 430
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 430
REFERENCES 430
Chapter 26. Parameters affecting mud floc size on a seasonal time scale: The impact of a phytoplankton bloom in the Dollard estuary, The Netherlands 434
1 INTRODUCTION 434
2 BINDING PROCESSES 435
3 FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND METHODOLOGY 438
4 RESULTS 441
5 DISCUSSION 445
6 CONCLUSIONS 449
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 450
REFERENCES 450
Chapter 27. Salt marsh processes along the coast of Friesland, The Netherlands 454
1 INTRODUCTION 454
2 MEASURING METHODS 457
3 METHODS OF ANALYSES 458
4 RESULTS 459
5 DISCUSSION 466
6 CONCLUSIONS 467
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 467
REFERENCES 468
Chapter 28. Prediction of contaminated sediment transport in the Maurice River-Union Lake, New Jersey, USA 470
1 TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN SURFACE WATERS 470
2 CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL 472
3 MAURICE RIVER-UNION LAKE ARSENIC TRANSPORT MODELING 478
4 RESULTS OF MODEL SIMULATIONS 486
5 CONCLUSIONS 487
6 DISCLAIMER 487
REFERENCES 488
Chapter 29. Entrance flow control to reduce siltation in tidal basins 490
1 INTRODUCTION 490
2 MEASUREMENTS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT 494
3 SEDIMENT FLUXES INTO A TIDAL BASIN 499
4 ENTRANCE FLOW CONTROL 505
5 APPLICATION IN THE KÖHLFLEET, HAMBURG 510
6 CONCLUSIONS 514
7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 514
REFERENCES 514
Chapter 30. An examination of mud slurry discharge through pipes 516
1 INTRODUCTION 516
2 MUD SLURRY FLOW 517
3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 518
4 CONCLUSIONS 524
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 524
REFERENCES 525
Chapter 31. Beach dynamics related to the Ambalapuzha mudbank along the southwest coast of India 526
1 INTRODUCTION 526
2 METHOD 528
3 RESULTS 530
4 DISCUSSION 534
5 CONCLUSIONS 536
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 537
REFERENCES 537

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.1.2001
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-052925-9 / 0080529259
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-052925-7 / 9780080529257