Marine Physics (eBook)

J. Dera (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1992 | 1. Auflage
514 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-087091-5 (ISBN)

Infos

In trying to discover as much as possible about the marine environment, oceanography has split into many subdisciplines, each represented by innumerable publications. To date however, there has been no concise synthesis introducing readers to the whole array of physical processes in the sea, and showing how these processes are related to one another and to other natural phenomena. The author of Marine Physics aims to fill this gap.

The volume presents energy and mass transfer processes in the marine environment together with an explanation of their effects on other processes. Starting with a general introduction to the thermodynamics of ocean waters, there follow chapters on radiation transfer processes, the molecular exchange of mass, heat and momentum, the turbulent exchange of mass, heat and momentum, small-scale air-sea interactions, modelling the surface boundary layer, and the propagation of acoustic waves in the sea. The discussions begin with physical principles and culminate in a presentation of current research problems. The volume is completed with the presentation of basic quantities, equations, formulas and diagrams, as well as indexes and 576 literature references. This volume should be an invaluable resource to post-graduates and scientists in the fields of engineering and oceanography, and for those interested in the protection or exploitation of the marine environment.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Marine Physics 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. A General Picture of Physical Processes in the Ocean 12
1.1. The Earth as a Thermodynamic System 12
1.2. Forces Inducing the Motion of Water Masses in the Ocean 24
Chapter 2. Seawater as a Physical Medium 60
2.1. The Structure of the Water Molecule 62
2.2. The Association of Water Molecules . The Structure of an Ice Crystal and Liquid Water 67
2.3. Ion Hydrates in Seawater 75
2.4. The Principal Chemical Constituents and the Salinity of Seawater 79
2.5. Electrical Conductivity as an Indicator of Seawater Salinity 84
2.6. Yellow Substances in Seawater 96
2.7. Suspended Particles in Seawater, Their Concentration and Dimensions 100
2.8. Gas Bubbles in Seawater 112
Chapter 3. The Thermodynamics of Seawater 118
3.1. Seawater State Parameters and the Equation of State 124
3.2. The Thermal Expansion of Seawater 127
3.3. The Compressibility of Seawater . Potential Temperature and Potential Density in the Sea 133
3.4. The Salinity Effect on the Specific Volume of Seawater 139
3.5. The Empirical Equations of State for Seawater 141
Chapter 4. The Interaction of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation With Seawater. The Inherent optical Properties of the Sea 152
4.1. Radiance and Other Basic Photometric Quantities in Hydrooptics 156
4.2. Light Absorption in Seawater 166
4.3. Light Scattering in Seawater 185
4.4. The Transparency of Seawater to Light and Other Electromagnetic Waves . The Radiant Energy Transfer Equation in the Sea 224
Chapter 5. Solar Radiation Inflow and the Natural Irradiance in the Sea. The Apparent Optical Properties of the Sea 238
5.1. The Influx of Solar Radiation to the Sea Surface 243
5.2. Reflection and Transmittance of Sunlight at the Sea Surface. The Albedo of the Sea 259
5.3. The Penetration of Natural Light into the Sea Depths . The Optical Classification of Waters 279
5.4. The Apparent Optical Properties of the Sea and Their Relationships with the Inherent Properties in an Underwater Light Field 303
Chapter 6. The Transfer of Mass. Heat and Momentum in the Marine Environment 326
6.1. Molecular Transport of Mass. Heat and Momentum in Seawater 328
6.2. The Turbulent Exchange of Mass, Heat and Momentum in the Sea 352
Chapter 7. Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction and Its Influence on the Structure of Water Masses in the Sea 380
7.1. Fluxes of Momentum, Mass and Heat Across the Sea Surface 381
7.2. The Energy Budget of a Basin and Its Influence on the Structure of Water Masses 408
Chapter 8. The Acoustic Properties of the Sea 436
8.1. The Velocity of Sound in the Sea 446
8.2. The Absorption and Scattering of Sound in the Sea 454
8.3. Introduction to the Ray Theory of Sound Propagation in the Sea 476
Bibliography 490
Index 518

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.1.1992
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-087091-0 / 0080870910
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-087091-5 / 9780080870915