Modelling of Marine Systems (eBook)

J.C.J. Nihoul (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 1. Auflage
269 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-087046-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Modelling of Marine Systems

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Modelling of Marine Systems 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 18
Preface 8
Foreword 9
List of Participants 12
Part I: Concepts and Techniques of Marine Modelling 22
CHAPTER 1. MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 24
1.1. Introduction 24
1.2. Demarcation of the Marine System 25
1.3. State Variables and Control Parameters 30
1.4. Evolution Equations 36
1.5. Evolution Principles and Constraints 42
1.6. Initial and Boundary Conditions 45
1.7. The Simulation Model 54
References 60
CHAPTER 2. HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS 62
2.1. Introduction 62
2.2. Depth-Averaged Models 63
2.3. Tidal and Storm Surge Models 72
2.4. Models of Residual Currents 80
References 87
CHAPTER 3. PASSIVE DISPERSION MODELS 90
3.1. Introduction 90
3.2. Turbulent Dispersion 91
3.3. The Equation of Passive Dispersion 96
3.4. Horizontal Dispersion 99
3.5. Shear Effect in Depth-Averaged Dispersion Models 106
References 116
CHAPTER 4. INTERACTION MODELS 118
4.1. Introduction 118
4.2. Box Model Equations 119
4.3. The Interaction Rates 121
4.4. Productivity Models 126
References 132
CHAPTER 5. NON-LINEARITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE SEA 134
5.1. Introduction 134
5.2. Physical Processes 134
5.3. Biochemical and Ecological Processes 142
References 146
CHAPTER 6. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS WITH ENERGY CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 148
6.1. Introduction 148
6.2. Uses of Energy Circuit Language 148
6.3. Interaction Kinetics 154
6.4. Physical Components in Energy Language 157
6.5. Inertial Displacement Oscillator 161
6.6. Energy Storage, Energy Quality Upgrading, Reward Loop Pumping, and Eddy Diffusion 162
6.7. Fields and Boxes 165
6.8. Gestalt in Physical Oceanography 165
6.9. Potential Energy Budgets for Perspectives Energy Quality
6.10. Energy Cost Benefit Calculations and Impact Statements 171
6.11. A Macroscopic Mini-Model Simulation 171
References 171
Part II: The Present State of Marine Modelling 174
CHAPTER 7. PHYSICAL MODELLING 176
CHAPTER 8. CHEMICAL MODELLING 188
8.1. Introduction 188
8.2. Chemical Speciation 189
8.3. The Major Sedimentary Cycle 190
8.4. Air–Sea Interactions 192
8.5. Sediment–Water Interactions 198
8.6. Biota–Water Interactions 199
8.7. Finale 203
References 204
CHAPTER 9. BIOLOGICAL MODELLING I 208
9.1. Introduction 208
9.2. Existing Models 209
9.3. Summary of Overall State-of-the-Art in Biological Productivity Simulation 221
9.4. Population Models 222
9.5. Conclusions and Forecasts 223
References 224
CHAPTER 10. BIOLOGICAL MODELLING II 228
Papers Submitted to the Conference 236
References 237
CHAPTER 11. MODELLING OF LAKES AS PHYSICO-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS — PRESENT LIMITATIONS AND NEEDS 238
11.1. Introduction 238
11.2. The Thermocline and its Influence on Biological Production 240
11.3. Biological Actors on the Physical Stage 245
11.4. Concluding Discussion 250
References 252
Part III: Reports of the Working Groups and Recommendations for Future Work 254
CHAPTER 12. SPATIAL INHOMOGENEITY IN THE OCEANS 256
12.1. Introduction 256
12.2. Research Areas 256
12.3. Implications for Management and Policy-Making 257
CHAPTER 13. COASTAL OCEANS 258
13.1. Introduction 258
13.2. Problems at the Boundaries 259
13.3. Problems in the Interior 260
13.4. Pollution and Other Perturbations 260
13.5. Aspects of Modelling and its Use 260
13.6. Areas of Research 261
13.7. Conclusions 262
CHAPTER 14. POLLUTION 264
14.1. Pollutant Characteristics 264
14.2. Size and Scope of Models for Pollution Problems 265
14.3. Conclusion 267
CHAPTER 15. PRODUCTIVITY OF SEA WATERS 268
15.1. Introduction 268
15.2. Biological Adaptations 268
15.3. Chemical Effects 270
15.4. Models 271
15.5. Training and Facilities 271
CHAPTER 16. ESTUARIES 274
16.1. Modelling in Estuarine Systems 274
16.2. Modelling of Physical Estuarine Processes 274
16.3. Modelling of Chemical Estuarine Systems 275
16.4. Estuarine Biological Modelling 276
16.5. Conclusions 277
CHAPTER 17. ENCLOSED SEAS 278
17.1. Whole-Ecosystem Models 278
17.2. Hydrodynamics of Enclosed seas 278
17.3. Biology and Chemistry of Enclosed Seas 279
17.4. Advice to Management 280
17.5. Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Ecosystem Modelling: Training and Implementation 280
CHAPTER 18. SOME TECHNICAL AND MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF MODELLING OF MARINE SYSTEMS 282
SUBJECT INDEX 286

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.9.2011
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-087046-5 / 0080870465
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-087046-5 / 9780080870465