Distributed Video Sensor Networks (eBook)

Hamid Aghajan, Bir Bhanu, Chinya V. Ravishankar, Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury, Demetri Terzopoulos (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2011 | 2011
XVII, 485 Seiten
Springer London (Verlag)
978-0-85729-127-1 (ISBN)

Infos

Large-scale video networks are of increasing importance in a wide range of applications. However, the development of automated techniques for aggregating and interpreting information from multiple video streams in real-life scenarios is a challenging area of research.

Collecting the work of leading researchers from a broad range of disciplines, this timely text/reference offers an in-depth survey of the state of the art in distributed camera networks. The book addresses a broad spectrum of critical issues in this highly interdisciplinary field: current challenges and future directions; video processing and video understanding; simulation, graphics, cognition and video networks; wireless video sensor networks, communications and control; embedded cameras and real-time video analysis; applications of distributed video networks; and educational opportunities and curriculum-development.

Topics and features: presents an overview of research in areas of motion analysis, invariants, multiple cameras for detection, object tracking and recognition, and activities in video networks; provides real-world applications of distributed video networks, including force protection, wide area activities, port security, and recognition in night-time environments; describes the challenges in graphics and simulation, covering virtual vision, network security, human activities, cognitive architecture, and displays; examines issues of multimedia networks, registration, control of cameras (in simulations and real networks), localization and bounds on tracking; discusses system aspects of video networks, with chapters on providing testbed environments, data collection on activities, new integrated sensors for airborne sensors, face recognition, and building sentient spaces; investigates educational opportunities and curriculum development from the perspective of computer science and electrical engineering.

This unique text will be of great interest to researchers and graduate students of computer vision and pattern recognition, computer graphics and simulation, image processing and embedded systems, and communications, networks and controls. The large number of example applications will also appeal to application engineers.

Inhalt

Preface 5
Contents 7
Introduction 11
Distributed Video Sensor Networks and Research Challenges 18
Report on NSF/ARO/ONR Workshop on Distributed Camera Networks: Research Challenges and Future Directions 19
1 Introduction 20
2 Workshop Recommendations 20
3 Suggested Major Research Topics 28
Appendix 1: List of Attendees in Alphabetical Order 29
Appendix 2: Groups and Group Leaders 34
Appendix 3: Talks with Titles and Presenters 37
Video Processing and Understanding 40
Motion Analysis: Past, Present and Future 41
1 Introduction to Motion: An Early History 42
2 Motion: Highlights from Philosophy, Psychology and Neurobiology 43
3 Motion in Computer Vision: The Beginnings 44
4 Optical Flow-Based Motion Detection 46
5 Human Actions and Activities 48
6 Motion: Future 49
References 51
Projective Joint Invariants for Matching Curves in Camera Networks 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Problem Formulation and Preliminaries 57
3 Joint-Invariant Signatures 60
4 Toward Local Signatures 61
5 Matching Performance 65
6 Discussion 66
References 66
Multiple-View Object Recognition in Smart Camera Networks 68
1 Introduction 69
2 Encoding Multiple-View Features via Sparse Representation 70
3 System Implementation 76
4 Experiment 78
5 Conclusion and Discussion 80
References 80
A Comparison of Techniques for Camera Selection and Hand- Off in a Video Network 82
1 Introduction 82
2 RelatedWork and Contributions 83
3 Theoretical Comparison 86
4 Experimental Results 90
5 Conclusions and Future Work 94
References 95
Distributed Sensing and Processing for Multi- Camera Networks 97
1 Introduction 97
2 Statistical Inference for Tracking 99
3 Efficient Particle Filtering 102
4 Compressive Sensing 107
5 Conclusions and Future Directions 111
References 112
Tracking of Multiple Objects over Camera Networks with Overlapping and Non- overlapping Views 114
1 Introduction 114
2 RelatedWork 116
3 Tracking within a Single Camera 117
4 Tracking Across Multiple Cameras 121
5 Experimental Results 124
6 Conclusion 127
References 127
Toward Robust Online Visual Tracking 129
1 Introduction 129
2 Appearance Modeling for Visual Tracking 130
3 Learning Detectors Online for Visual Tracking 135
4 Conclusions 143
References 143
Modeling Patterns of Activity and Detecting Abnormal Events with Low- Level Co- occurrences 147
1 Introduction 148
2 Context, Overview and Notations 148
3 OurMethod 151
4 Experimental Results 154
5 Conclusion 156
References 158
Use of Context in Video Processing 159
1 Introduction 159
2 Case Study: Environment Discovery 161
3 Conclusion 169
References 170
Simulation, Graphics, Cognition and Video Networks 171
Virtual Vision 172
1 Introduction 173
2 The Case for Virtual Vision 174
3 RelatedWork 177
4 Smart Camera Nodes 178
5 Surveillance Systems 183
6 Conclusions 184
References 186
Virtualization and Programming Support for Video Sensor Networks with Application toWireless and Physical Security 187
1 Motivation 188
2 RelatedWork 189
3 SNBench Overview 191
4 EnablingWireless Monitoring 192
5 Deployment Environment 194
6 Service Programming Primer 195
7 Wireless Security Services 196
8 Future Work and Conclusions 198
References 199
Simulating Human Activities for Synthetic Inputs to Sensor Systems 201
1 Overview 201
2 The CAROSA System 202
3 RelatedWork 203
4 Parameterized Representations 204
5 Resource Management 206
6 Roles and Groups 206
7 Scenario Authoring 208
8 Example Simulation 209
9 CAROSA Summary 210
10 Input to Distributed Sensor Networks 211
11 Summary 211
References 212
Cognitive Sensor Networks 214
1 Introduction 214
2 Cognition 215
3 Symmetry Theory in Signal Processing 218
4 Conclusion 219
References 219
Ubiquitous Displays: A Distributed Network of Active Displays 221
1 Introduction 221
2 Initial Progress 226
3 Conclusion 235
References 235
Wireless Video Sensor Networks, Communications and Control 237
Research Challenges forWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks 238
1 Introduction 238
2 Applications of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks 239
3 Network Architecture 240
4 Factors Influencing the Design of Multimedia Sensor Networks 241
5 Application Layer 243
6 Transport Layer Protocols 246
7 Network Layer 248
8 MAC Layer 248
9 Physical Layer 249
10 Conclusions 250
References 250
Camera Control and Geo-Registration for Video Sensor Networks 252
1 Introduction 252
2 RelatedWork 253
3 PTZ Camera Viewspace Control Model 254
4 Scene-Based Camera Geo-Registration and Mapping 257
5 Operational Interface 260
6 Summary 260
References 261
Persistent Observation of Dynamic Scenes in an Active Camera Network 263
1 Introduction 264
2 Technical Rationale 264
3 Cooperative Target Acquisition Using Game Theory 266
4 Experimental Results 271
5 Conclusion 274
References 274
Proactive PTZ Camera Control 276
1 Introduction 276
2 Proactive Camera Control 279
3 Results 285
4 Conclusions and Future Work 288
References 289
Distributed Consensus Algorithms for Image- Based Localization in Camera Sensor Networks 291
1 Introduction 291
2 Review of Average-Consensus Algorithms 293
3 Distributed Object Localization 294
4 Distributed CSN Localization 297
5 Conclusion 302
References 303
Conditional Posterior Cramér–Rao Lower Bound and its Applications in Adaptive Sensor Management 305
1 Introduction 306
2 Conditional PCRLB for Recursive Nonlinear Filtering 309
3 C-PCRLB-Based Sensor Management 312
4 Applications in Camera Network Management 315
References 317
Distributed Embedded Cameras and Real- Time Video Analysis 320
VideoWeb: Optimizing aWireless Camera Network for Real- time Surveillance 321
1 Introduction 321
2 RelatedWork and Contributions 322
3 Building the Camera Network 322
4 The VideoWebWireless Camera Network 326
5 Experiments for Performance Characterization and Optimization of the Video Network 328
6 Conclusions 333
References 333
VideoWeb Dataset for Multi-camera Activities and Non- verbal Communication 335
1 Introduction 336
2 Data Collection 336
3 Conclusions 347
References 347
Wide-Area Persistent Airborne Video: Architecture and Challenges 348
1 Introduction 349
2 Spatio-temporal Reflectance Variations 353
3 Wide Aperture Imaging Model of Camera Arrays 358
4 Accommodating Dynamic Variations in Operational Camera Arrays Using Pose Information 364
5 Summary and Conclusions 366
References 368
Collaborative Face Recognition Using a Network of Embedded Cameras 371
1 Introduction 371
2 RelatedWork 373
3 Experimental Setup 374
4 System Performance 379
5 Conclusions and Future Work 382
References 384
SATware: A Semantic Approach for Building Sentient Spaces 386
1 Introduction 386
2 SATware: An Middleware Framework for Sentient Spaces 389
3 A Programming Model for Pervasive Applications 389
4 Supporting Scalability through Semantic Scheduling 394
5 Supporting Robustness through Sensor Recalibration 396
6 Conclusions 397
References 398
Applications of Distributed Video Networks 400
Video Analytics for Force Protection 401
1 Aerial Video Analysis 403
2 Tracking from Fixed Ground Based Cameras 406
3 Person Detection from Moving Platforms 410
4 Biometrics at a Distance 412
5 Facial Analysis 416
6 Summary 418
References 419
Recognizing Activity Structures in Massive Numbers of Simple Events Over Large Areas 422
1 Introduction 422
2 Spatial Structure 424
3 Temporal Structure 426
4 Event-Linkage Structure 427
5 Short Event-Sequence Structure 427
6 Network Structure 430
7 Summary 432
References 432
Distributed Sensor Networks for Visual Surveillance 433
1 Introduction 434
2 Technical Challenges in Large Sensor Networks 434
3 System Design and Components 435
4 Results 440
References 443
Ascertaining Human Identity in Night Environments 444
1 Introduction 445
2 Color-NIR Cross-Spectral Iris Matching 446
3 Short Wave Infrared Face Verification 449
4 Gait Curves for Human Recognition in a Night-Time Environment 454
5 Soft Biometrics—Body Measurement 457
6 Summary 459
References 459
Educational Opportunities and Curriculum Development 461
Educational Opportunities in Video Sensor Networks 462
1 Introduction 462
2 Computational Sensor Networks 464
3 Engineering Background for Video Sensor Networks 465
4 Course Organization 465
5 Support Technology for Instruction 466
6 Conclusion 466
Appendix 1: Recommended Courses and Topics 468
References 469
Index 470

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.1.2011
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 485 p.
• Verlagsort: London
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Grafik / Design ► Digitale Bildverarbeitung
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Netzwerke
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: Camera Networks • Distributed sensing • Educational Opportunities in Video Networks • Embedded Systems • Processing, Communications and Control • real-world applications • Video Networks • Vision and Graphics
• ISBN-10: 0-85729-127-0 / 0857291270
• ISBN-13: 978-0-85729-127-1 / 9780857291271