Social Capital and Business Development in High-Technology Clusters (eBook)

An Analysis of Contemporary U.S. Agglomerations

Neslihan Aydogan, Yiu Por Chen (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2009 | 2008
XIII, 111 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-387-71911-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The economics of regional clusters, where business formation, technological innovation, and the emergence of a highly-skilled labor force converge, has become a popular topic. This fascinating book applies a variety of tools and models to analyze, in depth, the formation and growth of high-tech clusters. It does this first by exploring the institutional forces that promote the failure or success of such agglomerations, and then by focusing on the dynamics of the labor force.

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Neslihan Aydogan It is now widely accepted that geographical proximity matters to economic and - cial life. Not only does it provide externalities that reduce transaction costs, but it also helps transacting parties form networks from which they can bene t greatly. More than ever, economists have been trying to bridge the development gap between poor and rich regions. Agglomerations are investigated toward that target because economists think that if certain regions can mix up that special formula to conti- ously innovate and produce, then understanding and forming such agglomerations could be one way to go about that growth path. We have designed the chapters of this book to work out the mechanics of geographical agglomerations in the United States with the focus of identifying the characteristics of such special formula Chapters 1-3 are designed to investigate the high-tech clusters that have sprung up in the United States due to their innovative capacity to engage in high-val- added activities. The rst question we ask is, What promotes the productivity of high-tech rms? We ask this question by taking into account the region in which a rm is located and the spillover effects of the region on the rm. In particular, we ask if the presence of a variety of industries or of similar industries promotes the productivity of high-tech rms. In this regard, we are interested in distingui- ing the high- and low-tech rms in terms of their driving factors.

Inhalt

Acknowledgments 7
Contents 9
Introduction 10
to 1 How High-Tech Industries Benefit from the Economies of Agglomeration 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Static Externalities and Industry Productivity 14
1.3 Industry Productivity Equations 16
1.4 Empirical Observations 19
1.4.1 Data 19
1.4.2 Preliminary Facts 21
1.5 Conclusions 25
to 2 Tacit Knowledge Transfer, Geographical Proximity, and Inter-Firm Contracts: The Silicon Valley Case 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Silicon Valley Firms and Firm Organization 30
2.3 Ranking the Inter-Firm Contracts 31
2.4 Hypotheses and Data 32
2.4.1 Hypotheses 32
2.4.2 Data and Methodology 34
2.4.3 Variable Definitions 38
2.4.3.1 Dependent Variable 38
2.4.3.2 Independent Variables 39
2.4.3.3 Control Variables 40
2.5 Results 41
2.5.1 The Ordered Probit Specification 41
2.5.2 Regression Results 42
2.6 Discussion and Concluding Remarks 44
to 3 Reciprocity, Proximity and Performance of Research Consortia 50
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Model 51
3.3 Conclusion 54
to 4 Citizenship, Social Capital, and Spatial Assimilation of Highly Skilled Labor and Location Choice 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Literature Review: Highly Skilled Labor, Immigration, Assimilation, and Social Capital 56
4.3 The Spatial Distribution of Science and Engineering PhD's 58
4.4 Hypotheses and Data 65
4.4.1 Hypotheses 65
4.4.2 The Data 66
4.4.3 Variables and Definitions 67
4.4.3.1 The Dependent Variable 67
4.4.3.2 Independent Variables 68
4.4.3.3 Control Variables 70
4.5 Methodology and Results 70
4.6 Conclusions and Discussion 76
4.6 Appendix: Variable Descriptions 78
to 5 Ethnic and Technical Clustering: Native-Born Americans Versus Foreign S0E Graduates 82
5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 H-1B Petitions: A Brief Review by Citizenship 83
5.3 Literature Review: Technology Clustering, Ethnic Clustering, and Social Capital 85
5.4 Data, Key Variable Distribution, Hypotheses, and Method 88
5.4.1 Data 88
5.4.2 Spatial Distribution of S& E PhDs, Including Citizenship, Ethnicity, and Occupation in the United States, Using the SDR 2001 Sample Data
5.4.3 Hypotheses 98
5.4.4 Method: Estimation Strategy and Variables 99
5.4.4.1 Estimation Strategy 99
5.4.4.2 The Dependent Variable 100
5.4.4.3 Independent Variables 100
5.4.4.4 Other Control Variables 101
5.5 Results 101
5.6 Conclusion and Policy Implications: United States 109
Index 116

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.7.2009
• Reihe/Serie: International Studies in Entrepreneurship
• Reihe/Serie: International Studies in Entrepreneurship
• Zusatzinfo: XIII, 111 p. 3 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Volkswirtschaftslehre
• Schlagworte: Agglomeration • business • economic growth policies • Entrepreneurship • highly-skilled labor • High-Tech • high-tech economic region • High-tech industries • High-technology • industry clusters • Innovation • inter-firm contracts • Knowledge Economy • Knowledge Transfer • Management • organization • Performance • research a
• ISBN-10: 0-387-71911-3 / 0387719113
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-71911-5 / 9780387719115