The Violence Pendulum

Tactical Change in Islamist Groups in Egypt and Indonesia

Ioana Emy Matesan (Autor)

Buch | Hardcover

288 Seiten

2020
Oxford University Press Inc (Verlag)
978-0-19-751008-7 (ISBN)

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Would the Islamic State ever renounce violence? In the current political climate, the question seems preposterous. Yet, at the height of a terrorist campaign against tourists in Egypt during the 1990s, nobody expected that the group behind the attacks would issue and adhere to a nonviolence initiative. What drives groups to shift between nonviolence and violence? When do opposition groups move away from armed action, and why do some organizations renounce violence permanently, whereas others refrain temporarily? In The Violence Pendulum, Ioana Emy Matesan offers a theory of tactical change that explains both escalation and de-escalation in order to answer these questions.

Matesan's analysis traces the historical evolution of four Islamist groups: the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya in Egypt, and Darul Islam and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Drawing from archival materials, interviews, and reports, she focuses on turning points in each organization. Ultimately, she finds that Islamist groups alter their tactics in response to the perceived need for activism, shifts in the cost of violent versus nonviolent resistance, and internal or external pressures on the organization. Groups turn to violence when grievances escalate, violent resistance is feasible and publicly tolerated, and there are internal or external pressures to act. In turn, groups renounce armed action when violence costs them too much, disillusionment eclipses the perceived need for continued activism, and leaders are willing to rethink the tactics and strategies of the group. By uncovering the reasons for escalation and de-escalation across a range of political environments, The Violence Pendulum reshapes our understanding of how decisions are made--and how nonviolence can be achieved--in armed groups.

Ioana Emy Matesan is Assistant Professor of Government and Tutor in the College of Social Studies at Wesleyan University. Her research focuses on contentious politics and Islamist movements, with a particular interest in Middle East politics, political violence, and democratization. Her articles have appeared in numerous journals, including International Negotiation, Journal of Global Security Studies, Nations and Nationalism, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, and Terrorism and Political Violence.

List of Tables and Figures
A Note on Transliteration
Preface
Introduction
1. Why Islamist Opposition Groups Change their Tactical Outlook
2. The Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Potential for Violent Escalation
3. Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya: From Terrorism to Nonviolence
4. Darul Islam in West Java: The Rise and Fall of an Islamist Insurgency in Indonesia
5. Jemaah Islamiyah and the Ambiguities of Disengagement from Violence
Conclusion

Erscheinungsdatum	02.09.2020
Verlagsort	New York
Sprache	englisch
Maße	236 x 150 mm
Gewicht	567 g
Themenwelt	Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Europäische / Internationale Politik
Themenwelt	Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Vergleichende Politikwissenschaften
ISBN-10	0-19-751008-6 / 0197510086
ISBN-13	978-0-19-751008-7 / 9780197510087
Zustand	Neuware