Social Networks and the Semantic Web (eBook)

Peter Mika (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2007
XIV, 234 Seiten
Springer US (Verlag)
978-0-387-71001-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Social Networks and the Semantic Web offers valuable information to practitioners developing social-semantic software for the Web. It

provides two major case studies. The first case study shows the possibilities of tracking a research community over the Web. It reveals how social network mining from the web plays an important role for obtaining large scale, dynamic network data beyond the possibilities of survey methods. The second case study highlights the role of the social context in user-generated classifications in content, such as the tagging systems known as folksonomies.

---

Science is like a tree: contrary to popular belief, both trees and science grow at their edges, not at their core. For science, this means that most of the fruitful and exciting developments are not happening at the core of established ?elds, but are instead happening at the boundaries between such ?elds. This has been particularly true for Computer Science. The most interesting database developments don't happen inside the Database community, but rather where databases hit Biology. Similarly, the most interesting developments in Ar- ?cial Intelligence in recent years have happened where AI met the Web. Theyoung?eldofSemanticWebresearchhasbeenoneoftheresultsofanumber of different sub?elds of Computer Science being exposed to the challenges of the Web: databases, computational linguistics, knowledge representation, knowled- based systems and service-oriented computing are just some of the sub?elds that are all making contributions to the Semantic Web vision, namely a Web that consists not only of linksbetween web-pagesfull of picturesand text, but of a Semantic Web that consists of links between computer-interpretable data. Such a Semantic Web would make it possible to query and reason over integrated data-sets consisting of separate pieces of information that were never intended to be linked together, but that can nevertheless be fruitfully combined and integrated, sometimes even by a third party who neither wrote nor ownsany of the original piecesof data (just as is possible with web-pages on the current Web).

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Preface 8
Contents 11
Part I Introduction to the Semantic Web and Social Networks 14
The Semantic Web 15
Limitations of the current Web 16
What's wrong with the Web? 16
Diagnosis: A lack of knowledge 20
The semantic solution 21
Development of the Semantic Web 25
Research, development and standardization 25
Technology adoption 28
The emergence of the social web 33
Web 2.0 + Semantic Web = Web 3.0? 35
Discussion 37
Social Network Analysis 39
What is network analysis? 39
Development of Social Network Analysis 41
Key concepts and measures in network analysis 43
The global structure of networks 44
The macro-structure of social networks 49
Personal networks 53
Discussion 58
Part II Web data and semantics in social network applications 60
Electronic sources for network analysis 61
Electronic discussion networks 62
Blogs and online communities 63
Web-based networks 65
Discussion 72
Knowledge Representation on the Semantic Web 74
Ontologies and their role in the Semantic Web 76
Ontology-based Knowledge Representation 76
Ontologies and ontology languages for the Semantic Web 79
Ontology languages for the Semantic Web 80
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) and RDF Schema 81
The Web Ontology Language (OWL) 88
Comparison to the Unified Modelling Language (UML) 90
Comparison to the Entity/Relationship (E/R) model and the relational model 93
Comparison to the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and XML Schema 95
Discussion: Web-based knowledge representation 99
Modelling and aggregating social network data 102
State-of-the-art in network data representation 103
Ontological representation of social individuals 105
Ontological representation of social relationships 110
Conceptual model 112
Aggregating and reasoning with social network data 118
Representing identity 119
On the notion of equality 120
Determining equality 122
Reasoning with instance equality 123
Evaluating smushing 127
Discussion 128
Advanced representations 128
Developing social-semantic applications 130
Building Semantic Web applications with social network features 132
The generic architecture of Semantic Web applications 133
Sesame 135
Elmo 137
GraphUtil 142
Flink: the social networks of the Semantic Web community 143
The features of Flink 144
System design 146
openacademia: distributed, semantic-based publication management 150
The features of openacademia 151
System design 152
Discussion 159
Part III Case studies 161
Evaluation of web-based social network extraction 162
Differences between survey methods and electronic data extraction 164
Context of the empirical study 166
Data collection 167
Preparing the data 168
Optimizing goodness of fit 169
Comparison across methods and networks 172
Predicting the goodness of fit 174
Evaluation through analysis 177
Discussion 178
Semantic-based Social Network Analysis in the sciences 181
Context 183
Methodology 184
Data acquisition 184
Representation, storage and reasoning 186
Visualization and Analysis 187
Results 188
Descriptive analysis 188
Structural and cognitive effects on scientific performance 190
Conclusions and Future Work 196
Ontologies are us: emergent semantics in folksonomy systems 198
A tripartite model of ontologies 199
Ontology enrichment 201
Case studies 203
Ontology emergence in del.icio.us 203
Community-based ontology extraction from Web pages 208
Evaluation 210
Conclusions and Future Work 211
Part IV Conclusions 213
The perfect storm 214
Looking back: the story of Katrina PeopleFinder 215
The Semantic Web 219
Social Networks 222
Looking ahead: a Second Life 224
References 228
Index 236

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.10.2007
• Reihe/Serie: Semantic Web and Beyond
• Reihe/Serie: Semantic Web and Beyond
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 234 p.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Datenbanken
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Web / Internet ► Social Web
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Schlagworte: Beyond Computing • Content • data integration • Mika • Networks • Online networks • Ontology • search engine marketing (SEM) • Semantics • semantic web • Social • Social Networks • Web • Web 2.0
• ISBN-10: 0-387-71001-9 / 0387710019
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-71001-3 / 9780387710013