Praxis Core For Dummies with Online Practice Tests
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-119-38240-9 (ISBN)
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Carla C. Kirkland, founder and CEO of The Kirkland Group, has helped educators prepare their students for standardized tests for more than 20 years. Chan Cleveland, executive vice president of The Kirkland Group, is an English educator and serves as an educational consultant.
Introduction 1
About This Book 1
Foolish Assumptions 2
Icons Used in This Book 2
Beyond the Book 2
Where to Go from Here 3
Part 1: Getting Started with the Praxis Core 5
Chapter 1: Previewing the Praxis 7
Why Take the Praxis? 7
Breaking Down the Praxis 8
Knowing what topics are covered 8
Seeing what types of questions you’ll face 9
Understanding How the Test Is Scored 10
Chapter 2: Getting Ready for Test Day 13
Registering for the Test 13
Using Your Time Wisely 14
Budgeting your study time leading up to test day 14
Budgeting your time while taking the test 15
When Test Day Has Arrived 16
Knowing what to bring and what to leave at home 17
Getting familiar with computer testing 17
If You Are Retaking the Test 18
Chapter 3: Practicing the Praxis: Sampling Some Practice Questions 19
Going through the Pre-Assessment Questions 19
Reading practice questions 20
Writing practice questions 23
Mathematics practice questions 25
Looking at the Pre-Assessment Answers 28
Reading answers and explanations 28
Writing answers and explanations 31
Math answers and explanations 33
Assessing Your Results 36
Identifying categories where you struggled 36
Understanding where you went wrong specifically 36
Part 2: Mastering Math Concepts 39
Chapter 4: Count on It: Number and Quantity 41
Working with Integers: Whole Numbers and Their Opposites 41
Doing basic operations with integers 42
Finding factors of whole numbers 43
Employing some helpful divisibility rules 43
Finding multiples of integers 43
Determining the greatest common factor and least common multiple 44
Exponents and square roots 45
Computing with Fractions and Mixed Numbers 46
Simplifying fractions 47
Converting between fractions and mixed numbers 47
Performing basic operations with fractions and mixed numbers 48
Working with Decimals and Percents 50
Converting between decimals and percents 50
Performing basic operations with decimals 51
Understanding the Number Line 52
Interpreting numeration and place values 52
Knowing the basics of order 53
Finding orders of magnitude 54
Finding numbers in sequences 54
Following Orders: The Order of Operations 55
Remembering “GEMDAS” 55
Using the order of operations within itself 56
Reasoning with Quantities 56
Using the two major systems of measurement 56
Converting units of measurement 57
Basic word problems 58
Practice Questions about Number and Quantity 60
Answers and Explanations 61
Chapter 5: Introducing Letters: Algebra and Functions 63
Variables: When Letters Represent Numbers 63
Laying out the terms: Variable terms and expressions 64
Let’s get together: Combining like terms 64
Multiplying and dividing with terms and expressions 65
When variable values are given 67
Working with Equations 68
Solving for x and other variables 68
Undoing addition and subtraction 69
Undoing multiplication and division 70
Multistep equations 70
Proportions 71
Systems of equations 71
Solving for variables in terms of other variables 73
Solving Inequalities 74
Following two more rules when solving inequalities 74
Graphing inequalities 75
Describing solution steps 76
Factoring in Algebra 77
Factoring terms out of bigger terms 77
Using reverse FOIL 77
Decoding Algebra Word Problems 78
Translating English into mathematical language 78
Algebraic word problems 78
Figuring Out Functions 79
Identifying functions 80
Working with functions 81
Thinking Outside the Algebra Box 81
Recognizing relational patterns 81
Algebraic reasoning 82
Practice Questions about Algebra 83
Answers and Explanations 84
Chapter 6: Grasping Geometry Concepts 87
Understanding the Building Blocks of Geometry 87
Getting to the point 88
Defining lines and parts of lines 88
Moving along planes in space 88
Getting the right angles on angles 89
Recognizing congruence 89
Understanding Angle Measures and Relationships 90
Distinguishing degrees of angle measure and naming angles 90
Working with angle relationships 91
Knowing Common Shapes and Their Basic Properties 92
Defining polygons in general 92
Analyzing triangles: Three-sided polygons 92
Identifying facts about quadrilaterals 94
Working with other types of polygons 95
Knowing the basic facts about circles 96
Working with Shapes that Are Alike 96
Forming conclusions about congruent shapes 96
Working with similar shapes 97
Figuring out Geometric Formulas 98
Finding the perimeter 98
Circling the circumference 99
Getting into the area 100
Calculating on the surface: surface area 101
Finding the right volume 103
Combining Shapes 104
Coming together: Shapes that have joined without an invasion 104
Preparing for invasion: When one shape invades another 105
Geometric overlaps and intersections 106
Knowing the Ways of the XY Coordinate Plane 106
Naming coordinate pairs 106
Identifying linear equations and their graphs 107
Using the distance and midpoint formulas 108
Finding meaning in intersecting graphs 109
Transforming coordinate plane figures 109
Touching on Right Triangles 112
Knowing what Pythagoras discovered 113
Working with special right triangles 113
Practice Questions about Geometry 115
Answers and Explanations 116
Chapter 7: Pinning Down Statistics and Probability 117
Representing Data 117
Tables 118
Bar graphs and line graphs 118
Pie charts 120
Stem-and-leaf plots 121
Box-and-whisker plots 122
Venn diagrams 124
Scrambling around scatter plots 125
Loitering around line plots 126
Analyzing Data 127
Combing through comparisons 127
Homing in on the range 127
Measuring arithmetic mean, median, or mode 127
Variably affecting data 129
Scrutinizing samples for data analysis 129
Interpreting linear models 129
Calculating Probability 130
Determining the likelihood of an event 130
Using complements 131
Pointing Out Scientific Notation Facts 131
Practice Questions about Probability and Statistics 132
Answers and Explanations 134
Chapter 8: Test-Taking Strategies for Core Math 135
Using Helpful Shortcuts 135
Solving equations versus determining what must be solved 136
Using estimation and approximation 137
Using the calculator 137
Identifying calculations you can make in your head 137
The art of guessing as a last resort 138
Working backward 139
Narrowing Down Answer Choices 139
How to eliminate obviously wrong answer choices 139
Avoiding the most common wrong answers 141
Tackling the Constructed Response 142
Tips for preparing responses and answering questions 142
Understanding the importance of avoiding careless errors 143
Some proper ways of representing answers 143
Part 3: Refining Your Reading Comprehension Skills 145
Chapter 9: Reading Comprehension: Finding Meaning and Identifying Purpose 147
Previewing the Praxis Reading Test 147
Knowing what the test contains 148
Applying a general strategy 148
Mastering Short-Passage Questions 149
Ferreting out the main idea 149
Discerning the author’s tone and intent 151
Putting vocabulary in context 152
Looking at Long-Passage Questions 153
Purpose and paraphrase 153
Arguments and support 154
Getting the hang of “If” questions 154
Sample questions for long passages 156
Visual- and Quantitative-Information Questions 158
Rethinking charts and graphs 159
Getting graphs 159
Practice Reading-Comprehension Questions 161
Answers and Explanations 164
Chapter 10: Test-Taking Strategies for Core Reading 169
Figuring Out Which to Read First: The Passage or the Question 169
Examining Strategies for the Various Passages 170
Approaching long and short passages 171
Approaching the paired passages 172
Approaching Questions about Charts and Graphs 173
Eliminating Wrong Answers 173
Tips for Slow Readers 174
Part 4: Fine-Tuning Your Writing Skills 177
Chapter 11: Acing the Essay 179
Perusing the Types of Prompts: “Picking a Side” versus “Exploring an Idea” 179
Writing persuasively 180
Sticking to the facts 180
Creating a Solid Essay 180
Making an outline: Essential or overrated? 181
Looking at the sections of your essay 181
Don’t box yourself in: Theses aren’t set in stone 182
Citing the sources 182
Checking out some additional writing pointers 182
Turning a Good Essay into a Great One 182
Adding interesting anecdotes 183
Painting a picture with words 183
Anticipating objections against your position 184
Understanding How the Essay Is Scored 184
Checking Out Some Practice Prompts 185
Prompts for argumentative essays 185
Prompts for informative/explanatory essays 185
Reviewing a Sample Essay 187
Evaluating Your Essay 188
Chapter 12: Giving Grammar a Glance 191
Getting a Grip on the Parts of Speech 191
Finding nouns as subjects and objects 192
Putting verbs to work 192
Using adjectives to describe people, places, and things 195
Calling on adverbs to describe actions and conditions 196
Getting the lowdown on pronouns 197
Considering conjunctions 200
Perusing prepositions 201
Making Sense of Sentence Structure 202
Independent clauses versus everything else 203
The sentence skeleton: Identifying the main subject and verb 203
Run-ons and comma splices 204
Appositives: Interruptions to the independent clause 205
Pondering Punctuation 206
Commas 206
Semicolons 208
Apostrophes 208
Misplaced Modifiers 208
Redundancy and Double Negatives 209
Homophones: “They’re in there with their bear” 210
Which one has the apostrophe? 210
Spelled and used differently, but sound the same 211
Capitalization: What You Need to Know 212
Practice Questions about Grammar 213
Answers and Explanations 216
Chapter 13: Test-Taking Strategies for Core Writing 221
Knowing the Types of Selected-Response Writing Questions 221
Type 1: Answering usage questions 222
Type 2: Showing your research skills 223
Type 3: Making sentence corrections 224
Type 4: Regarding revision-in-context questions 225
Identifying and Correcting Errors in Selected-Response Items 226
Eliminating the obviously wrong choices 226
Don’t be afraid to say it’s right the way it is 226
The art of guessing as a last resort 227
A word of advice about “trusting your ear” 227
Mastering the Essay 227
Outlining your thoughts and managing your time 228
Arm yourself with versatile examples 228
Practicing ahead of time 229
Part 5: Tackling Praxis Core Practice Tests 231
Chapter 14: Practice Exam 1 233
Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 1 235
Part 1: Reading 237
Part 2: Writing 253
Argumentative Essay 260
Source-Based Essay 261
Part 3: Mathematics 263
Chapter 15: Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations 275
Part 1: Reading 275
Part 2: Writing 290
Argumentative Essay 300
Source-Based Essay 302
Part 3: Mathematics 303
Answer Key 324
Chapter 16: Practice Exam 2 327
Answer Sheet for Practice Exam 2 329
Part 1: Reading 331
Part 2: Writing 345
Argumentative Essay 352
Source-Based Essay 353
Part 3: Mathematics 354
Chapter 17: Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations 365
Part 1: Reading 365
Part 2: Writing 381
Argumentative Essay 391
Source-Based Essay 392
Part 3: Mathematics 393
Answer Key 406
Part 6: The Part of Tens 409
Chapter 18: Ten Common Math Errors to Avoid 411
Misusing Negative Signs 411
Confusing Perimeter and Area 412
Incorrectly Combining Like Terms 412
Messing Up when Moving Decimals 412
Not Solving for the Actual Variable 412
Misrepresenting “Less Than” in Word Problems 413
Mixing Up Supplementary and Complementary Angles 413
Finding the Wrong Median 413
Fearing Fractions 413
Forgetting about Fractions in Formulas 414
Chapter 19: Ten Mistakes to Avoid on the Praxis Reading and Writing Exams 415
Avoiding Mistakes Common to the Writing and Reading Tests 415
Don’t look for patterns in the answers 415
Don’t change answers merely for the sake of changing them 416
Sidestepping Mistakes on the Writing Test 417
Don’t equate different with wrong 417
Don’t assume something must be correct just because it sounds fancier or more complex 417
Don’t turn the essay into a thesaurus explosion 418
Don’t paint yourself into a corner with a rigid thesis 418
Evading Mistakes on the Reading Test 418
Don’t rule out the “too obvious” 419
Don’t word-match 419
Don’t ignore your outside knowledge 419
Don’t try to answer more than the question asks you to 420
Index 421
Erscheinungsdatum | 13.02.2018 |
---|---|
Verlagsort | New York |
Sprache | englisch |
Maße | 217 x 272 mm |
Gewicht | 658 g |
Themenwelt | Schulbuch / Wörterbuch |
Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Bildungstheorie | |
ISBN-10 | 1-119-38240-8 / 1119382408 |
ISBN-13 | 978-1-119-38240-9 / 9781119382409 |
Zustand | Neuware |
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