A Text-Book of Bacteriology (eBook)

Text-Book of Bacteriology

R. W. Fairbrother, Geoffrey A. Taylor (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 9. Auflage
518 Seiten
Elsevier Reference Monographs (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9557-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Fairbrother's Textbook of Bacteriology, Tenth Edition provides an outline of the medical aspects of bacteriology. This book emphasizes the biological relationship of allied organisms. This edition begins with an overview of the various elements of the bacterial cell in detail, starting with external features such as flagella and capsules, and working inwards to the cytoplasm. This text then describes the principal toxic effects of the different groups of anti-bacterial substances. Other chapters consider the relationship of the different types of hypersensitivity to classical immune responses. This book discusses as well the earliest application of a specific chemical substance to the treatment of microbial disease. This book is a valuable resource for medical students. Bacteriologists, chemists, pathologists, and microbiologists will also find this book useful.

Mr Taylor has carried out field surveys of workplaces over 36 years. He has his own safety and environment consultancy, and is a sessional lecturer at the Australian Centre for Work Safety at Carlisle TAFE College, and at Curtin University. Geoff is a past president of the Safety Institute of Australia Western Australian Division, and was a board member of the International Commission on Occupational Health. He has been senior lecturer in OHS at Curtin University, a sessional lecturer at Edith Cowan University, OHS study area leader in TAFE-Western Australia and chief scientific officer with the Western Australian OHS authority. Geoff has developed and delivered OHS training at various management levels for the mining, construction and water industries and designed, coordinated and taught university and TAFE courses in OHS. He has an advisory role with the Mining and Resource Contractors Safety Training Association (MARCSTA).

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
A Text-Book of Bacteriology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PART I: GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY 10
CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL SURVEY 10
CHAPTER II. THE MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA 20
Examination of Unstained Material 20
Examination of Fixed and Stained Material 22
Differential Staining 23
Shape of Bacteria 24
The Size of Bacteria 26
The Arrangement of Bacteria 27
The Bacterial Cell 27
Nucleus 28
Capsules 28
Spore-Formation 30
Flagella 31
Reproduction of Bacteria 31
L-forms 32
CHAPTER III. THE BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA 33
Ohemical Oomposition of Bacteria 33
Enzymes 34
Food Requirements of Bacteria 35
Atmospheric Conditions 36
Temperature 38
Growth Factors 39
BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY 39
Carbohydrate Metabolism 40
Protein Metabolism 41
Fat Metabolism 42
Pigment Production 42
CHAPTER IV. THE CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA 44
The Use of Culture Media 49
The Isolation of Pure Cultures 54
The Identification of Bacteria 57
CHAPTER V. THE MULTIPLICATION OF BACTERIA 61
1. Viable Count 61
2. Total Count 62
CHAPTER VI. THE DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA 65
Physical Agents 66
Chemical Agents 70
Process of Disinfection 73
Removal of Bacteria by Filtration 75
CHAPTER VII. CHEMOTHERAPY 78
THE SULPHONAMIDES 78
ANTIBIOTICS 84
PENICILLIN 85
STREPTOMYCIN 89
CHLORAMPHENICOL (CHLOROMYCETIN) 90
THE TETRACYCLINES 90
THE ERYTHROMYCIN GROUP 91
OTHER ANTIBIOTICS 91
THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS 93
PLATE I 94
COMBINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS 97
COMPLICATIONS 98
DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE 99
THE LABORATORY CONTROL OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY 100
CHAPTER VIII. INFECTION 101
Transmission of Infection 102
Source of Infection 105
Infections derived from Animals 105
Results of Infection 106
The Virulence of Bacteria 106
Number of Bacteria 108
Route of Infection 109
Toxic Substances produced by Bacteria 110
Signs of Infection 113
CHAPTER IX. IMMUNITY 117
1. NATURAL IMMUNITY 117
2. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY 121
CHAPTER X. ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES AND THEIR REACTIONS 132
ANTIGENS 132
ANTIBODIES 134
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS 141
CHAPTER XI. HYPERSENSITIVENESS: ANAPHYLAXIS, AND ALLERGY 169
Anaphylaxis 170
Atopic Hypersensitivity 174
Bacterial Allergy (Delayed Hypersensitivity) 177
CHAPTER XII. THE CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 180
Micrococcus 184
Sarcina 184
Staphylococcus 184
Streptococcus 184
Diplococcus 184
Neisseria 184
Vibrio 184
Pseudomonas 184
Escherichia 185
Salmonella 185
Shigella 185
Proteus 185
Lactobacillus 185
Hæmophilus 185
Pasteurella 185
Brucella 185
Bacillus 185
Clostridium 186
Mycobacterium 186
Corynebacterium 186
Pfeifferella 186
Fusiformis 186
Actinomyces 186
Leptotrichia 186
Spirochretales 186
CHAPTER XIII. BACTERIOLOGY AND l/!IEDICINE 187
1. The Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria 187
2. The Immunological Diagnosis of Disease 192
3. The Detection of Susceptibles 192
4. Specific Prophylaxis and Therapy 193
5. The Control of Chemotherapy 194
PART II: SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 195
CHAPTER XIV. STAPHYLOCOCCUS, MICROCOCCUS AND SARCINA 195
Staphylococcus 195
Micrococcus 204
Sarcina 204
CHAP'rER XV. STREPTOCOCCUS 205
Classification 205
Morphology 207
Cultural Characteristics 208
Biochemical Activities 209
Resistance 209
Serology 210
Toxin Production 211
Pathogenicity 213
Prophylaxis 217
Specific Therapy 219
Chemotherapy 219
CHAPTER XVI. PNEUMOCOCCUS: PNEUMONIA 221
Classification 221
Morphology and Staining Reactions 221
Cultural Characteristics. 222
Biochemical Activity. 222
Resistance 223
Bile-solubility 223
Serology 223
Toxin Production. 224
Pathogenicity 225
Pneumonia 225
Pathogenesis 227
The Response of the Patient 228
Other Pneumococcal Infections 228
Empyema 229
Otitis Media and Meningitis. 229
Peritonitis. 229
DIAGNOSIS. 229
Therapy 231
Chemotherapy 231
CHAPTER XVII. NEISSERIA: GONORRHŒA: MENINGITIS 232
GONOCOCCUS OR NEISSERIA GONORRHŒÆ 232
l/IENINGOCOCCUS OR NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS (INTRACELLULARIS) 240
CHAPTER XVIII. ORGANISMS OF THE COLI-TYPHOID-DYSENTERY GROUP 249
Morphology and Staining Reactions 250
Cultural Characteristics 250
Resistance 251
Biochemical Activity 251
The Coliform and Paracolon Organisms 252
Escherichia 252
Citrobacter 254
Klebsiella 254
The Organisms of Enteric Fever, Food Poisoning and Dysentery 255
The Salmonella 255
Serology 257
Pathogenicity 260
Enteric Fever 261
Pathogenesis 261
Carriers 263
Diagnosis 263
Phage Typing 265
Prophylaxis 265
Therapy 267
Bacterial Food-poisoning 267
Diagnosis 270
Prophylaxis 271
The Dysentery Group (Genus Shigella) 271
Biochemical Activity 272
Serology 273
Toxicity 275
Pathogenicity 275
Diagnosis 276
Prophylaxis 277
Therapy 277
Chemotherapy 277
Sununer Diarrhœa 278
Prophylaxis 278
CH.APTER XIX. PROTEUS AND PSEUDOMONAS 279
PROTEUS 279
PSEUDOl/IONAS 281
CHAP11ER XX. PASTEURELLA: PLAGUE 283
Past. Pestis or the Plague Bacillus 283
Plague 285
Pasteurella septica (multocida) 288
CHAPTER XXI. BRUCELLA: UNDULANT FEVER: TULARÆMIA 289
Morphology 290
Cultural Characteristics 290
Resistance 290
Biochemical Activity 291
Serology 291
Pathogenicity 291
Undulant Fever (Brucellosis) 292
Diagnosis 293
Prophylaxis 294
Therapy 295
Tularæmia 296
CHAPTER XXII. HÆMOPHILUS AND ASSOCIATED ORGANISMS: WHOOPING-COUGH 297
H. INFLUENZÆ (INFLUENZA OR PFEIFFFER'S BACILLUS) 297
KOCH-WEEKS BACILLUS 301
H. PERTUSSIS OR TIlE BORDET-(GENGOU BACILLUS 301
THE MORAX-AXENFELD BACILLUS 305
THE BACILLUS OF SOFT SORE OR DUCREY'S BACILLUS 305
CHAPTER XXIII. CORYNEBACTERIUM: DIPHTHERIA 306
C. DIPHTHERIÆ OR THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS 307
CHAPTER XXIV. MYCOBACTERIUM: TUBERCULOSIS: LEPROSY 324
THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS (My. tuberculosis) 325
PLATE III 327
CHAPTER XXV. VIBRIO: CHOLERA: SPIRILLUM 348
V. cholerre (Cbolera Vibrio) 349
Cholera 351
Genus Spirillum 354
CHAPTER XXVI. PFEIFFERELLA: GLANDERS: MELIOIDOSIS 355
Pf. mallei or the Glanders Bacillus 355
Pf. whitmori: Melioidosis 358
CHAPTER XXVII. ACTINOMYCES: ACTINOMYCOSIS: MADURADISEASE 359
A. bovis 360
Actinomycosis 361
Madura Disease 363
Actinobacillosis 363
CHAPTER XXVIII. BACILLUS: ANTHRAX 365
B. anthracis or the Anthrax Bacillus 366
Anthrax 368
CHAPTER XXIX. CLOSTRIDIUM: TETANUS: GAS GANGRENE: BOTULISM 373
Morphology 374
Methods of Cultivation 375
Cultural Characteristics 376
Resistance 377
Biochemical Activity 377
Serology 378
Toxin Production 378
Pathogenicity 379
Classification 380
Tetanus 380
Diagnosis 382
Prophylaxis 383
Therapy 384
Preparation of Antitoxin 385
Gas Gangrene 386
Bacteriology 387
Diagnosis 388
Prophylaxis and Therapy 390
Botulism 391
Bacteriology 392
Diagnosis 393
Prophylaxis 393
Therapy 394
CHAPTER XXX. LACTOBACILLUS, FUSIFORMIS AND MISCELLANEOUS GENERA 395
LACTOBACILLUS 395
FUSIFORMIS 396
BACTEROIDES 397
LISTERELLA 397
ERYSIPELOTHRIX 398
STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS 398
CHAPTER XXXI. SPIROCHÆTES: SYPlIILIS, YAWS, WElL'S DISEASE, SEVEN-DAY FEVER, RELAPSING FEVER AND VINCENT'S ANGINA 399
General Properties 399
Syphilis 401
PLATE IV 403
Bacteriology 404
Pathogenesis 405
Immunity 407
Diagnosis 408
Wassermann Test 408
Flocculation Tests 410
Kahn Test 410
The Treponema Immobilization Test (T.P.I. Test) 411
Prophylaxis 411
Therapy 412
Yaws 412
Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) 413
Bacteriology 413
Transmission 414
Diagnosis 415
Prophylaxis 416
Therapy 416
Seven-day Fever of Japan 417
Relapsing Fever 417
Transmission 418
Immunity 418
Prophylaxis 419
Treatment 419
Vincent's Angina 419
Treatment 420
CHAPTER XXXII. VIRUSES 421
Poliomyelitis 430
Coxsackie Virus 433
ECHO Viruses 433
Acute Lymphocytic Chorio-meningitis (L.C.M.) 434
Rabies 434
Acute Rabie Myelitis (Trinidad) 437
Variola or Small-pox 437
Herpes Simplex 441
Yellow Fever 442
Psittacosis 444
Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Climatic Bubo 446
Rift Valley Fever 446
Epidemic Influenza 447
Adenoviruses 450
Mumps 450
Measles 451
German Measles (Rubella) 453
Dengue Fever 453
Sand-fly or Pappataci Fever 454
Encephalitis 454
Epidemic Encephalitis (Encephalitis Lethargica) 454
Australian X Disease 455
St. Louis Encephalitis 456
Equine Encephalomyelitis 456
Louping-III 456
Other Forms of Encephalitis 457
Herpes Zoster or Shingles 457
Varicella or Chicken-pox 458
Acute Coryza or the Common Cold 458
Croup 459
Infective Hepatitis 459
Primary Atypical Pneumonia 460
Venucæ or Warts 460
Molluscum Contagiosum 461
Trachoma 461
POSSIBLE VIRUS DISEASES 462
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis 462
New Growths 462
Glandular Fever (Infectious Mononucleosis) 463
Cat Scratch Fever 463
CH.APTER XXXIII. THE RICKETTSlÆ 464
General Properties 464
Typhus Fever 465
Trench Fever 467
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 468
Fièvre Boutonneuse 468
Scrub Typhus 468
Q Fever 469
CHAPTER XXXIV. BACTERIOPHAGE 470
General Properties 471
PLATE VII 472
The Nature of Bacteriophage 474
Therapeutic Application 475
Phage Typing 475
CHAPTER XXXV. THE BACTERIOLOGY OF WATER, MILK AND SHELLFISH 476
WATER 476
MILK 480
PART III: GENERAL TECHNIQUE 488
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE l/lICROSCOPE: STAINING METHODS 488
The Microscope 488
Staining Methods 489
Simple Stains 490
Differential Stains 490
Staining of Capsules 492
Methods for Demonstrating Spirochætes 494
Romanowsky Stains 495
CHAPTER XXXVII. PREPARA'fION OF CULTURE MEDIA 496
Meat Infusion Broth 497
Infusion Agar 497
Gelatine 497
Peptone-water 497
Hartley's Digest Broth 498
Loeffler's Serum 498
Serum-agar 498
Blood-agar 499
Serum- and Blood-broth 499
Dorset's Egg Medium 499
Potato Medium 499
Robertson's Meat Medium 499
MacConkey's Medium 500
Dieudonne's Medium 500
Hiss's Serum-water 500
Andrade's Solution 500
Litmus-milk 500
McLeod'S Chocolate Tellurite Medium 501
Tellurite Media 501
Semi-solid Medium for the Cultivation of Certain Spirochætes 501
Jensen's Medium for the Cultivation of the Tubercle Bacillus 502
Dubos Medium for Tubercle Bacilli 502
Christensen's Urea Medium 505
Koser's Citrate Medium 505
CHAPTER XXXVIII. SEROLOGICAL TECHNIQUE 506
AGGLUTINATION 506
PRECIPITATION 508
COMPLEMENT FIXATION 510
CHAPTER XXXIX. ASSAY lVIETHODS IN CHEMOTHERAPY 515
SULPHONAMIDE ASSAYS 515
THE ANTIBIOTICS 515
INDEX 519

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.6.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Allgemeinmedizin
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9557-0 / 1483195570
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9557-5 / 9781483195575