Oxidative Damage & Repair (eBook)

Chemical, Biological and Medical Aspects

Kelvin J. A. Davies (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
928 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8766-9 (ISBN)

Infos

This book was inspired by the presentations delivered at the Oxidative Damage & Repair Symposium (November, 1990). The book is organized into 20 chapters which mirror the 20 session topics of the Oxidative Damage & Repair Symposium.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Oxidative Damage & Repair: Chemical, Biological and Medical Aspects
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 16
Introduction Oxidative Damage & Repair: Introduction And Overview
Chapter 1. Oxidative Stress Genes And Proteins 30
1.1 Oxidative Stress Genes And Proteins: Fire Alarms And Fire Extinguishers 34
1.2 Oxidative Stress Genes And Proteins 34
1.3 Regulation Of MnSOD In E. coli In Response To Environmental Stimuli. 42
1.4 Inducible Cellular Defense Against Oxidative Stress In Cultured Human Cells 48
1.5 The Role Of katF Sigma Factor [?] In Recovery From Near-UV And Other Oxidative Damages In Escherichia coli 54
1.6 Are Manganese And Iron Superoxide Dismutases Of E. coli K-12 Physiologically Equivalent? 60
1.7 Protein Kinase C And Superoxide Peroxidase Activity Of Ovoperoxidase: Controls On The Synthesis And Toxicity Of Reactive Oxygen At Fertilization 64
1.8 Biosynthesis Of The Manganese-Containing Superoxide Dismutase In Escherichia coli: Anaerobic Induction Of Active MnSOD By Diamide 69
Chapter 2. Antioxidant Compounds 76
2.1 Antioxidant Compounds: An Overview 76
2.2 Antioxidant Compounds 86
2.3 In Vivo Model For Vitamin E Depletion In Plasma And Liver Of Rats With Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide or 1,2-Dibromoethane 94
2.4 GSH As An Antioxidant: New Functions In The Physiological Activation Of Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase, Copper Transport And Trans-Membrane Transduction Of Reducing Power. 100
2.5 d-Alpha-Tocotrienol Is A More Powerful Membrane Antioxidant Than d-Alpha-Tocopherol 106
2.6 Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Accumulation In Liver Of Rats Intoxicated Carbon Tetrachloride And Its Prevention By a -Tocopherol 111
2.7 An Antioxidant Role For Hemoglobin 116
2.8 Antioxidant Mechanism: Electron Vs. H-Atom Transfer? 122
Chapter 3. Intracellular Generation Of Free Radicals 127
3.1 Superoxide Versus The Hydroxyl Radical: A Historical Perspective 127
3.2 Oxidative Stress In Hepatic Microcirculatory Units Duing Low-Flow Hypoxia Visualized By Digital Microfluorography 131
3.3 Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species Associated With Mitochondrial Respiration 137
3.4 Role Of Oxygen Radical Metabolism In The Toxicity Of Anticancer Quinones For Rat Heart Myocytes In Vitro 146
3.5 On The Path From Ubiquinone To Ubiquinol: Chain Breaking Lipid Peroxyl Radical Scavenging Or Vitamin E Radical Recycling? 150
3.6 Endogenous Superoxide Generation Threatens Sensitive Enzymes In Escherichia coli 155
Chapter 4. Spin Trapping And New Developments In EPR 161
4.1 Spin Trapping And New Developments In EPR: An Overview 161
4.2 Spin Trapping And New Developments In EPR Overview And Advances
4.3 Carbon-Centered Radicals: DNA Alkylation And Biological Sources 177
4.4 An ESR Study Of The Oxidative Modification Of Low Density Lipoprotein 183
4.5 Detection Of Myoglobin-Derived Radicals By ESR Spectroscopy 189
4.6 In Vivo ESR Studies On Pharmacokinetics Of Nitroxide Radicals In Whole Mice 194
4.7 Quantitation With Spin Trapping In Vivo 200
Chapter 5. DNA Damage And Repair 204
5.1 DNA Damage And Repair 204
5.2 DNA Damage By Endogenous Oxidants As A Cause Of Aging And Cancer 210
5.3 Control Of A Superoxide Response Regulon Of Escherichia coli 217
5.4 Repair Of Oxidative DNA Damage In Mammalian Cells 221
5.5 The Nature Of Giant DNA Molecules Produced From Nuclear Chromosome DNA By Active Oxygen Producing Agents 226
5.6 Molecular Characterization Of GADD153, A Novel DNA Damage- Inducible Gene In Mammalian Cells 231
5.7 DNA Base Modification In Mammalian Chromatin By Radiation-Generated Free Radicals 236
Chapter 6. Free Radical Chemistry And Radiochemistry 242
6.1 Free Radical Chemistry And Radiation Chemistry: An Overview 242
6.2 Free Radical Chemistry And Radiation Chemistry: Oxygen And Hypoxia In Cancer Therapy 247
6.3 Recent Aspects Of Thiyl, Peroxyl, And Halogen Atom Chemistry 255
6.4 Reductive And Oxidative Radical Reactions Of Selected Antimalarial Drugs 263
6.5 Muscle Necrosis By p-Phenylenediamine Derivatives: Possible Role Of Mitochondrial Oxidation 270
6.6 Long Range Electron Transfer (LRET) In Proteins: Implications For Oxidative Damage 275
6.7 Nitric Oxide As A Mediator Of Superoxide-Dependent Injury 280
6.8 Stopped-Flow Kinetic Study Of Antioxidant Activity And Vitamin E Regeneration Reaction Of Reduced Ubiquinone-10 In Solution 285
Chapter 7 Oxidative Modification Of Lipoproteins In Atherosclerosis 290
7.1 Oxidative Modification Of Lipoproteins In Atherosclerosis. An Overview 290
7.2 Oxidative Modification Of Low Density Lipoprotein 296
7.3 Chemistry Of Oxidation Of Low Density Lipoproteins 302
7.4 Presence And Possible Meaning Of A More Electronegative LDL In Human Plasma 310
7.5 Formation Of Lipid Hydroperoxides In The Cupric Ion-Induced Oxidation Of Plasma And Low Density Lipoprotein 316
7.6 Atherosclerosis: A Free Radical Disease? 321
Chapter 8. Photooxidative Stress And Photodynamic Therapy 327
8.1 Photooxidative Stress And Photodynamic Therapy: An Overview 327
8.2 Photooxidative Stress And Photodynamic Therapy 329
8.3 Carotenoids, Tocopherols And Thiols As Biological Singlet Oxygen Quenchers 340
8.4 Singlet Oxygen Emission As A Probe Of Excited State Processes In Photooxygenation 344
8.5 Reactive Species Involved In Phototoxicity Of Protoporphyrin And Uroporphyrin On Bovine Corneal Endothelium 350
8.6 Recognition By Repair Endonucleases Of DNA Damage Induced By Singlet Oxygen And By Photosensitization 355
8.7 Role Of Selenoperoxidases In Cytoprotection Against Photooxidative Damage 360
8.8 Protection Against UVA-lnduced Photooxidative Damage In Mammalian Cell Lines Expressing Increased Levels Of Metallothionein 365
Chapter 9. Protein Damage And Repair 370
9.1 Protein Damage And Repair: An Overview 370
9.2 Protein Damage And Repair 377
9.3 Metalloproteins As Donors Of Metal Ions For Oxygen Chemistry 384
9.4 Selective Proteolysis Of Oxidatively Modified Proteins By Macroxyproteinase(M.O.P.) 393
9.5 Metal- Catalyzed Oxidation Of Glutamine Synthetase: Determinants Of Proteolytic Susceptibility 402
9.6 Oxidation Mechanisms Of Methionine Containing Peptides By Hydroxyl And Peroxyl Radicals 409
9.7 Free Radicals, Transglutaminase And Cataract 415
Chapter 10. Mechanisms Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 421
10.1 Mechanisms Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: An Overview 421
10.2 Mechanisms Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 425
10.3 Antioxidant Activities Of Beta-Adrenergic And Calcium Channel Blockers 431
10.4 Myoglobin, A Double-Edged Sword In Myocardial Infarction 438
10.5 The Importance Of Measuring The Concentration Of Oxygen Appropriately And How This Might Be Done 444
10.6 Improvement Of Heart Function By The Spin Trap alpha-Phenyl-t-Butyl Nitrone Possibly Caused By Its Nitroxyl Radical Adduct 450
10.7 Mitochondrial Glutathione In Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Of Isolated And Perfused Rat Heart. 455
10.8 Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Toxicity Upon Human Endothelial Cells In Culture 459
10.9 Organ Chemiluminescence: Prospects And Problems 463
10.10 Free Radicals, Myocytes And Reperfusion Injury 467
Chapter 11. Metabolic Regulation In Oxidative Stress 473
11.1 Metabolic Regulation In Oxidative Stress: An Overview. 473
11.2 Metabolic Regulation In Oxidative Stress 478
11.3 Oxidant-Mediated Effects On Protein And Phospholipid Phosphorylation 487
11.4 Inhibition Of Oxygen Toxicity By Regulating Active Oxygen Metabolism In And Around Vascular Endothelial Cells With Site-Directed SOD Derivatives 495
11.5 Changes In Liver Plasma Membrane Permeability To Calcium Induced By The Stimulation Of Lipid Peroxidation 500
11.6 Role Of Specific Protein S-Thiolation Under Oxidative Stress 505
11.7 H202 Induced Cellular DNA Damage And Its Consequences 510
11.8 Evidence Of The Effect Of 4-Hydroxynonenal On Adenylate Cyclase Activity Of Plasmamembranes Via The Guanine Regulatory G-Proteins. 516
Chapter 12. Smog 523
12.1 Smog: An Overview 523
12.2 The Reaction Of Ozone With Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Aldehydes And Hydrogen Peroxide As Mediators Of Ozone Toxicity 525
12.3 Smog: The Challenge Of In Vivo Toxicology 534
12.4 Experimental Study On Lipid Peroxide Formation And Tumor Promoting Effects Of Nitrogen Dioxide And Ozone 540
12.5 Free Radical Production From The Ozonation Of Simple Alkenes, Fatty Acid Emulsions And Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes 546
12.6 Ozone And Nitrogen Dioxide Cause DNA Strand Breaks In Rat Lung Cells 552
12.7 The Detection Of Radicals Produced In Vivo During Inhalation Exposure To Ozone: Use Of Various Spin Traps 557
12.8 Imaging Of Reactive Oxygen Species In Living Lung Cells Exposed To Oxidizing Air Pollutants 562
Chapter 13. Lipid Damage And Repair 568
13.1 Lipid Damage And Repair: An Overview 568
13.2 Lipid Damage And Repair 572
13.3 Stimulation And Inhibition Of Phospholipid Metabolism In Isolated Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segments 579
13.4 Phospholipid Repair In Human Erythrocytes 586
13.5 Protective Effect Of Vitamin E On Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxide-lnduced InjuryTo Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells 593
13.6 Oxygen Free Radical-Independent Generation Of Aldehyde Products Of Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation By Adriamycin 598
13.7 Oxidant-lnduced Mechanism Of Plasma Membrane Phospholipase A1 Activation In Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells 606
13.8 Continuous Monitoring of Antioxidant Capacity In Red Blood Cells By Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence During Oxidative Stress 611
13.9 Structural And Dynamic Effects Of Oxidized Lipids In Unsaturated Lipid Membranes In Relation To Vitamin E Activity 616
Chapter 14. Antioxidant Enzymes 624
14.1 Antioxidant Enzymes: An Overview 624
14.2 The Antioxidant Responsive Element: A DNA Sequence Controlling Inducible Expression By Phenolic Antioxidants And Hydrogen Peroxide 631
14.3 Two-Electron Bioreductive Activation Of 1,4-Naphthoquinones: Prooxidant And Antioxidant Aspects 635
14.4 Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase: From The Inhibition Of Lipid Peroxidation To The Control Of Cellular Functions? 641
14.5 Bioreductive Activation Of The Antitumor Quinone Mitomycin C By DT-Diaphorase. 648
14.6 Cellular Resistance To And Metabolism Of 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal: A Role For Glutathione And Glutathione Transferase 653
14.7 Cytoprotective Effects Of Glutathione And Glutathione Peroxidase On Endothelial Cell Injury Induced By Lipid Peroxidation 658
14.8 Pro- And Antioxidant Functions Of DT-Diaphorase And Superoxide Dismutase: A Commentary 662
Chapter 15. Inflammation 665
15.1 Inflammation: An Overview 665
15.2 Inflammation: Oxygen Radicals And Tissue Injury 671
1 5.3 The Components Of The Respiratory Burst Oxidase Of Human Neutrophils 676
15.4 Ex Vivo Monitor Of Superoxide Generation By Invaded Phagocytes In Peri-Myocarditis 682
15.5 Phagocytes: Free Radicals, Lactoferrin And The Lactoferrin Receptor 687
1 5.6 Neutrophil-Mediated Epithelial Cell Injury: Modulation By Intestinal Interstitial Fluid 692
15.7 Superoxide Formation By PMN: Is The Oxygen Burst, A Burst? 697
Chapter 16. Antioxidant Therapy: Ischemia/Reperfusion, Burn/Trauma 702
16.1 Antioxidant Therapy For Ischemia/Reperfusion, Trauma and Burn Injury: An Overview 702
16.2 Oxidant Stress And The Heart: Prospects For Novel Antiarrhythmic Therapies During Ischemia And Reperfusion 712
16.3 Antioxidant Therapy In Shock And Multiple Organ Failure 719
16.4 Reactive Oxygen Metabolites: Modulators Of Reperfusion-lnduced Neutrophil Infiltration 723
16.5 Antioxidant Potential Of Ace Inhibitors 729
16.6 The Fate Of Exogenously Administered Superoxide Dismutase In Myocardium 735
16.7 influence Of Antioxidant (Allopurinol) On Cardiac Complications In Open-Heart Surgery. 740
Chapter 17. Cytochrome P-450 And Oxidative Stress 745
17.1 Cytochrome P450 And Oxygen Stress: An Overview 745
17.2 The Cytochrome P450's And Oxygen Stress' 749
17.3 Predominant Role Of Alcohol-lnducible P-450's In Oxidative Damage 755
17.4 Cytochrome P-450-Dependent And Independent Liver Injury In Mice 761
17.5 Potentiation By 1,2-Dibromoethane Of Lipid Peroxidation And Irreversible Hepatocyte Damage Due To Carbon Tetrachloride 767
17.6 Cytochrome P450 (P450) Mediated H202 Production And Its Role In Mutagenesis 771
17.7 Cyclosporine Metabolism Is Related To Microsomal Peroxidation Through Generation Of Oxygen Radicals At The Level Of The Cytochrome P-450 System. 776
17.8 Interaction With Increased Microsomal Oxygen Radicals And The Stability Of Cytochrome P450 In Dietary Zinc Deficient Rats 786
Chapter 18. Cancer And Oxidative Stress 791
18.1 Cancer And Oxidative Stress 791
18.2 Oxidant Stress And Carcinogenesis 796
18.3 Hydrogen Peroxide Causes Amplification Of Viral And Cellular Genes 808
18.4 Effect of Lipid Peroxidation On Biomembranes And Blood Lipoproteins 813
18.5 Active Oxygen Species In The Promotion And Suppression Of Tumour Cell Growth 820
18.6 Modulation Of Scavenging Enzymes In Normal And Neoplastic Murine Cerebral Tissue 825
Chapter 19. Transition Metals In Oxidative Stress 831
19.1 Transition Metals In Oxidative Stress: An Overview 831
19.2 Transition Metals In Oxidative Stress 837
19.3 Catalysis Of Oxyradical Reactions By Iron Complexes 843
19.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Investigation Of The Effect Of Zn/Cu Nutrition On Hyperoxia-lnduced Damage In Rat Lung 849
19.5 Small Chelators And The Nature Of The Metal Ion In Site-Specificity Of OH Damage 854
19.6 Cobalt Induced Lung Damage: Relationship To Glutathione Status 860
19.7 Production Of Hydroxyl Radical During The Oxidation Of Xanthine By Xanthine Oxidase Is Dependent On The Presence Of Adventitious Iron 866
Chapter 20. Antioxidant Therapy: Rheumatoid Diseases, Diseases Of The Eye 871
20.1 Antioxidant Therapy: Rheumatoid Diseases, Diseases Of The Eye 875
20.2 Application Of New Assays For Measuring Free Radical Production To Human Rheumatoid Patients 875
20.3 Relationships Between Eye Lens Protein Oxidation, Aging, Nutrition, Cataract And Proteolysis 885
20.4 Rationale For Antioxidant Therapy Of Rheumatoid Diseases 891
20.5 Antioxidant Enzymes In Retinal Pigment Epithelial And Corneal Endothelial Cells 899
20.6 Two Anti-oxidants, LY1 78002 And LY256548, As Therapies For Three Unrelated Degenerative Diseases 904
20.7 The Potential Role Of Oxygen Free Radicals In Dupuytren's Contracture 911
Index 918

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie ► Krankheiten / Heilverfahren
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pathologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8766-1 / 1483287661
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8766-9 / 9781483287669