Geothermal Power Plants (eBook)

Principles, Applications and Case Studies

Ronald DiPippo (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF | EPUB

2005 | 1. Auflage
512 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053253-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Geothermal Power Plants: Principles, Applications and Case Studies is the latest book from Ron DiPippo, Professor Emeritus, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. It is a single resource on all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for electric power generation. Written in one voice by a respected authority in the field with twenty-five years of experience in geothermal research, teaching, and consulting, it is intended for those involved in any aspect of the geothermal industry.
Grounded in fundamental scientific and engineering principles, its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of actual case studies from historic and present-day plants. The thermodynamic basis for the design of geothermal power plants is at the heart of the book. The Second Law is used extensively to assess the performance and guide the design of various types of geothermal energy conversion systems. The case studies included in the third part of the book are chosen from plants around the world, and increase the reader's understanding of the elements involved in gaining access to, and making use of, this important renewable energy resource.

The book is illustrated with over 240 photographs and drawings, many in full color. Nine chapters include practice problems, with answers, for the reader to test his/her understanding of the material. A comprehensive and definitive worldwide compilation of every geothermal power plant that has ever operated, unit by unit, is given in detailed tables as an appendix. In another appendix, DiPippo offers a concise digest of applicable thermodynamics.

* Unique and thoroughly up to date
* Comprehensive and international in scope
* Author of international repute

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Geothermal Power Plants: Principles, Applications and Case Studies 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 16
Acknowledgements 20
PART ONE: RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT 22
Chapter 1. Geology of Geothermal Regions 24
1.1 Introduction 25
1.2 The earth and its atmosphere 25
1.3 Active geothermal regions 28
1.4 Model of a hydrothermal geothermal resource 31
1.5 Other types of geothermal resources 32
References 37
Problems 39
Chapter 2. Exploration Strategies and Techniques 42
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Objectives of an exploration program 43
2.3 Phases of an exploration program 44
2.4 Synthesis and interpretation 57
2.5 The next step: drilling 59
References 59
Problems 61
Chapter 3. Geothermal Well Drilling 64
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Site preparation and drilling equipment 66
3.3 Drilling operations 67
3.4 Safety precautions 71
References 72
Chapter 4. Reservoir Engineering 74
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Reservoir and well flow 75
4.3 Well testing 86
4.4 Calcite scaling in well casings 93
4.5 Reservoir modeling and simulation 95
References 99
Problems 102
PART TWO: GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS 106
Chapter 5. Single-Flash Steam Power Plants 108
5.1 Introduction 109
5.2 Gathering system design considerations 109
5.3 Energy conversion system 114
5.4 Thermodynamics of the conversion process 118
5.5 Example: Single-flash optimization 125
5.6 Optimum separator temperature: An approximate formulation 129
5.7 Environmental aspects for single-flash plants 131
5.8 Equipment list for single-flash plants 134
References 136
Problems 138
Chapter 6. Double-Flash Steam Power Plants 140
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Gathering system design considerations 141
6.3 Energy conversion system 143
6.4 Thermodynamics of the conversion process 144
6.5 Example: Double-flash optimization 148
6.6 Scale potential in waste brine 150
6.7 Environmental aspects for double-flash plants 155
6.8 Equipment list for double-flash plants 155
References 156
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 6 157
Problems 157
Chapter 7. Dry-Steam Power Plants 162
7.1 Introduction 163
7.2 Origins and nature of dry-steam resources 163
7.3 Steam gathering system 169
7.4 Energy conversion system 169
7.5 Example: Optimum wellhead pressure 175
7.6 Environmental aspects of dry-steam plants 178
7.7 Equipment list for dry-steam plants 179
References 180
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 7 181
Problems 182
Chapter 8. Binary Cycle Power Plants 184
8.1 Introduction 185
8.2 Basic binary systems 185
8.3 Working fluid selection 192
8.4 Advanced binary cycles 196
8.5 Example of binary cycle analysis 205
8.6 Environmental impact of binary cycles 210
8.7 Equipment list for basic binary plants 210
References 212
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 8 213
Problems 214
Chapter 9. Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems 218
9.1 Introduction 219
9.2 Hybrid single-flash and double-flash systems 220
9.3 Hybrid flash-binary systems 223
9.4 Example: Integrated flash-binary hybrid system 228
9.5 Total-flow systems 232
9.6 Hybrid fossil-geothermal systems 239
9.7 Combined heat and power plants 243
9.8 Hot dry rock (enhanced geothermal systems) 245
9.9 Power plants for hypersaline brines 249
References 253
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 9 256
Problems 257
Chapter 10. Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems 262
10.1 Introduction 263
10.2 First law for open, steady systems 263
10.3 Second law for open, steady systems 264
10.4 Exergy 264
10.5 Exergy accounting for open, steady systems 269
10.6 Exergy efficiencies and applications to geothermal plants 269
References 281
Problems 281
PART THREE: GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CASE STUDIES 284
Chapter 11. Larderello Dry-Steam Power Plants, Tuscany, Italy 286
11.1 History of development 287
11.2 Geology and reservoir characteristics 288
11.3 Power plants 294
11.4 Mitigation of environmental impact 303
References 305
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 11 306
Chapter 12. The Geysers Dry-Steam Power Plants, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California, U.S.A. 308
12.1 History and early power plants 309
12.2 Geographic and geologic setting 313
12.3 Well drilling 315
12.4 Steam pipeline system 315
12.5 Power plants 316
12.6 Recharging the reservoir 322
12.7 Toward sustainability 326
References 327
Chapter 13. Cerro Prieto Power Station, Baja California Norte, Mexico 330
13.1 Overview of Mexican geothermal development 331
13.2 Cerro Prieto geographical and geological setting 332
13.3 Cerro Prieto power plants 335
13.4 Expansion of Cerro Prieto and nearby prospects 342
References 344
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 13 345
Chapter 14. Hatchobaru Power Station, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan 346
14.1 Overview of Japanese geothermal development 347
14.2 Hatchobaru geothermal field 348
14.3 Hatchobaru power units 351
14.4 Conclusion and forecast 357
References 358
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 14 359
Chapter 15. Mutnovsky Flash-Steam Power Plant, Kamchakta Peninsula, Russia 360
15.1 Setting, exploration, and early developments 361
15.2 Conceptual model of Mutnovsky geothermal field 363
15.3Verkhne-Mutnovsky 12 MW power plant 364
15.4 Mutnovsky first-stage 50 MW power plant 367
15.5 Future power units at Mutnovsky 369
References 371
Chapter 16. Miravalles Power Station, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica 374
16.1 Traveling to Miravalles 375
16.2 History of Geothermal Development 377
16.3 Wells 378
16.4 Power generation 380
16.5 Calcite inhibition system 387
16.6 Acid neutralization system 388
16.7 Environmental protection and monitoring 389
References 390
Chapter 17. Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA 392
17.1 Introduction 393
17.2 Exploration and discovery 393
17.3 The first Heber binary plant 394
17.4 The second Heber binary plant 397
References 400
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 17 401
Chapter 18. Magmamax Binary Power Plant, East Mesa, Imperial Valley California, USA 402
18.1 Setting and exploration 403
18.2 Magmamax binary power plant 404
18.3 Modified Magmamax binary power plant 411
18.4 Conclusion 413
References 414
APPENDICES 418
Appendix A. Worldwide State of Geothermal Power Plant Development as of July 2004 420
Appendix B. Units Conversions 442
Appendix C. Energy Equivalents 444
Appendix D. Elements of Thermodynamics 446
Appendix E. Answers to Selected Practice Problems 458
INDEX 462

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 13.7.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053253-5 / 0080532535
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053253-0 / 9780080532530