Practical Industrial Safety, Risk Assessment and Shutdown Systems (eBook)

Dave Macdonald (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2003 | 1. Auflage
384 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-047388-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This is a book for engineers that covers the hardware and software aspects of high-reliability safety systems, safety instrumentation and shutdown systems as well as risk assessment techniques and the wider spectrum of industrial safety. Rather than another book on the discipline of safety engineering, this is a thoroughly practical guide to the procedures and technology of safety in control and plant engineering. This highly practical book focuses on efficiently implementing and assessing hazard studies, designing and applying international safety practices and techniques, and ensuring high reliability in the safety and emergency shutdown of systems in your plant.

This book will provide the reader with the most up-to-date standards for and information on each stage of the safety life cycle from the initial evaluation of hazards through to the detailed engineering and maintenance of safety instrumented systems. It will help them develop the ability to plan hazard and risk assessment studies, then design and implement and operate the safety systems and maintain and evaluate them to ensure high reliability. Finally it will give the reader the knowledge to help prevent the massive devastation and destruction that can be caused by today's highly technical computer controlled industrial environments.

* Helps readers develop the ability to plan hazard and risk assessment studies, then design, implement and operate the safety systems and maintain and evaluate them to ensure high reliability
* Gives the reader the knowledge to help prevent the massive devastation that can be caused by today's highly technical computer controlled industrial environments
* Rather than another book on the discipline of safety engineering, this is a thoroughly practical guide to the procedures and technology of safety in control and plant engineering

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Practical Industrial Safety, Risk Assessment and Shutdown Systems for Industry 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 17
Chapter 1. Introduction 20
1.1 Definition of safety instrumentation 20
1.2 What is this book about? 21
1.3 Why is this book necessary? 21
1.4 Contents of the book 22
1.5 Introduction to hazards and risks 22
1.6 Fatal accident rate (FAR) 24
1.7 Overview of safety systems engineering (SSE) 26
1.8 Why be systematic? 27
1.9 Introduction to standards: IEC 61508 and ISA S84 30
1.10 Equipment under control 35
1.11 The safety life cycle model and its phases (SLC phases) 36
1.12 Implications of IEC 61508 for control systems 39
1.13 Summary 40
1.14 Safety life cycle descriptions 40
1.15 Some websites for safety systems information 45
1.16 Bibliography and sources of information 46
1.17 Guidelines on sector standards 48
Chapter 2. Hazards and risk reduction 52
2.1 Introduction 52
2.2 Consider hazards under some main subjects: 53
2.3 Basic hazards of chemical process 54
2.4 Introduction to hazard studies and the IEC model 57
2.5 Process control versus safety control 59
2.6 Simple and complex shutdown sequences, examples 64
2.7 Protection layers 68
2.8 Risk reduction and classification 71
2.9 Risk reduction terms and equations 75
2.10 The concept of safety integrity level (SIL) 77
2.11 Practical exercise 80
Chapter 3. Hazard studies 84
3.1 Introduction 84
3.2 Information as input to the SRS 84
3.3 Outline of methodologies for hazard studies 1, 2 and 3 88
3.4 Process hazard study 2 90
3.5 Risk analysis and risk reduction steps in the hazard study 92
3.6 Interfacing hazard studies to the safety life cycle 97
3.7 Evaluating SIS requirements 98
3.8 Meeting IEC requirements 101
3.9 Hazard study 3 101
3.10 Conclusions 108
3.11 Fault trees as an aid to risk assessment and the development of protection schemes 108
3.12 Hazard study 2 guidelines 114
3.13 Hazard studies for computer systems 123
3.14 Data capture checklist for the hazard study 125
Chapter 4. Safety requirements specifications 127
4.1 Developing overall safety requirements 127
4.2 Development of the SRS 129
4.3 Documenting the SRS 135
4.4 Determining the safety integrity 142
4.5 Summary of this Chapter 153
Chapter 5. Technology choices and the conceptual design stage 154
5.1 Introduction 154
5.2 What the standards say? 155
5.3 Technologies for the logic solver 158
5.4 Development of safety PLCs 169
5.5 Classification and certification 186
5.6 Summary 187
5.7 SIS architecture conventions 187
Chapter 6. Basic reliability analysis applied to safety systems 190
6.1 Introduction 190
6.2 Design process 191
6.3 Failure modes 192
6.4 Reliability formulae 194
6.5 Analysis models and methods 197
6.6 Some design considerations 206
6.7 Summary of parameters used in the reliability analysis of the safety systems 215
6.8 Some sources of reliability data for instrumentation 216
6.9 Safety performance calculation packages and reliability databases 218
Chapter 7. Safety in field instruments and devices 219
7.1 Introduction 219
7.2 Objectives 220
7.3 Field devices for safety 220
7.4 Sensor types 221
7.5 Guidelines for the application of field devices 229
7.6 Design requirements for field devices 240
7.7 Technology issues 243
7.8 Summary of field devices for safety 248
Chapter 8. Engineering the safety system: hardware 249
8.1 Introduction 249
8.2 Project engineering 249
8.3 Activities in box 9 252
8.4 ISA clause 7: SIS detailed design 255
8.5 Information flow and documents at the engineering stage 261
8.6 Conclusion 262
Chapter 9. Engineering the application software 263
9.1 Introduction 263
9.2 Application software activity steps 271
Chapter 10. Overall planning: IEC phases 6, 7 and 8 274
10.1 Introduction 274
10.2 Maintenance and operations planning 275
10.3 Validation planning 279
10.4 Installation and commissioning planning 280
10.5 IEC phase 8: installation and commissioning planning 280
10.6 Summary 282
Chapter 11. Installation and commissioning (IEC phase 12) 283
11.1 Introduction 283
11.2 Factory acceptance tests 284
11.3 Installation 288
11.4 Summary 296
11.5 Documentation required for the pre-start up acceptance test 296
Chapter 12. Validation, operations and management of change (IEC phases 13, 14 and 15) 298
12.1 Introduction 298
12.2 Verification, validation and functional safety assessment 298
12.3 Operations, maintenance and repair 303
12.4 Functional testing 307
12.5 Management of change 312
12.6 Summary 314
Chapter 13. Justification for a safety instrumented system 315
13.1 Introduction 315
13.2 Impact of safety system failures 316
13.3 Justification 318
Appendix A. Practical exercises 325
Appendix B. Glossary 362
Index 368
This Book was Developed by IDC Technologies 374

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.11.2004
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Spezielle Betriebswirtschaftslehre ► Versicherungsbetriebslehre
• ISBN-10: 0-08-047388-1 / 0080473881
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-047388-8 / 9780080473888