Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

eBook Download: PDF

1967 | 1. Auflage
444 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-056840-9 (ISBN)

Infos

ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS VOLUME 12

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 12 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 10
List of Contributors 6
Foreword 8
Chapter 1. Current Deformations of the Earth’s Crust 16
1. Introduction 17
2. Expression of the Deformations Produced by an External Potential on a Point at the Earth’s Surface 20
3. Form of the Luni-Solar Potential 29
4. Expansion of the Potential in Its Principal Waves 38
5. Deformations of an Elastic Semi-Infinite Body Limited by a Plane Surface 43
6. Study of an Elastic Sphere Subjected to Deformation 50
7. Measuring Instruments 58
8. Some Results of Recent Observations 75
References 91
Chapter 2. On The Upper Mantle 94
1. Introduction 95
2. The Earth’s Crust 102
3. Asthenosphere and Pa, Sa Waves 157
4. The “20° Discontinuity” 182
5. Attenuation and Mixed Zones 190
6. Free Oscillations of the Earth and Its Outer Shell 196
7. Earth’s Internal Movements and Volterra’s Theory 204
References 218
Chapter 3. Wind Stress along the Sea Surface 228
1. Introduction: The Transfer of Kinetic Energy 228
2. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer 230
3. Waves at the Interface 239
4. The Transfer of Momentum from Waves to Currents 256
5. Conclusions and Questions 260
Appendix 262
List of Symbols 266
References 268
Chapter 4. Severe Convective Storms 272
1. Introduction 272
2. General Thunderstorm Structure 274
3. Modes of Convection 277
4. The Severe Thunderstorm Environment and Its Modification 285
5. Thunderstorms in a Sheared Environment 288
6. Storm Movement 302
7. Squall Lines 306
8. Severe Weather Manifestations 311
9. Conclusion 316
List of Symbols 318
References 318
Chapter 5. The Rise of Oxygen in the Earth’s Atmosphere with Notes on the Martian Atmosphere 324
1. Underlying Principles 324
2. Oxygenic Concentration in the Primitive Atmosphere of the Earth 325
3. Surface Oxidation in the Primitive Atmosphere 330
4. Ecology for Photosynthetic Oxygen Production in a Primitive Terrestrial Atmosphere 332
5. The First Critical Level—O2 – 0.01 P.A.L. 334
6. Identification of First Critical Level with Opening of Paleozoic Era 335
7. The Second Critical Level—O2 – 0.1 P.A.L.— the Late Silurian 336
8. Oxygenic Levels in the Late Paleozoie and Ensuing Eras 336
9. Further Refinement of the Model 338
10. Estimates of the Composition of the Martian Atmosphere and Surface 339
11. Life on Mars 343
12. A General Theory of Origin and Planetary Atmospheres 344
References 345
Chapter 6. The Theory of Available Potential Energy and a Variational Approach to Atmospheric Energetics 348
1. Introduction 349
2. An Exact Theory of the Concept of Available Potential Energy 356
3. Applications to Observational Data 388
4. Variational Methods in Available Energy Theory 404
5. Contributions to the Amount of Available Potential Energy and Its Relationship to Other Quantities 413
6. The Dynamics of the General Circulation 427
7. Conclusion 445
List of Symbols 446
References 449
Author Index 452
Subject Index 458

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.1.1967
• Mitarbeit: Herausgeber (Serie): Helmut E. Landsberg, J. van Mieghem
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Beruf / Finanzen / Recht / Wirtschaft ► Bewerbung / Karriere
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Recht / Steuern ► Öffentliches Recht
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-056840-8 / 0080568408
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-056840-9 / 9780080568409