From Molecules to Networks (eBook)

An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

John H. Byrne, Ruth Heidelberger, James L. Roberts, M. Neal Waxham (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2003 | 1. Auflage
583 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049135-6 (ISBN)

Infos

An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. This book provides the solid foundation of the morphological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells that is needed by advanced undergraduates and graduate students, as well as researchers in need of a thorough reference.* Highly referenced for readers to pursue topics of interest in greater detail* Unique coverage of the application of mathematical modeling and simulation approaches not found in other textbooks* Richly illustrated, four color presentation throughout* Includes CD-ROM of all of the illustrations

Inhalt

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Full Contents 8
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue 16
The Neuron 16
The Neuroglia 28
The Cerebral Vasculature 37
Chapter 2. Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions 46
Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons 46
Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue 51
The Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells 62
Molecular Motors in the Nervous System 70
Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells 73
Chapter 3. Brain Energy Metabolism 82
Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ 82
Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism 85
Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain 88
Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level 92
Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism: A Coordinated Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons 99
The Astrocyte–Neuron Metabolic Unit 102
Chapter 4. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites 106
Spread of Steady-State Signals 108
Spread of Transient Signals 113
Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in Axons 115
Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites 117
Dynamic Properties of Passive Electrotonic Structure 121
Relating Passive to Active Potentials 126
Chapter 5. Membrane Potential and Action Potential 130
The Membrane Potential 131
The Action Potential 136
Chapter 6. Molecular Properties of Ion Channels 156
Families of Ion Channels 156
Channel Gating 159
Ion Permeation 164
Ion Channel Distribution 169
Summary 172
Chapter 7. Dynamical Properties of Excitable Membranes 176
The Hodgkin–Huxley Model 176
A Geometric Analysis of Excitability 194
Chapter 8. Release of Neurotransmitters 212
Organization of the Chemical Synapse 212
Excitation–Secretion Coupling 217
The Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve Terminal 223
Quantal Analysis 236
Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity 250
Chapter 9. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Synaptic Transmission: Classic Transmitters 260
Diverse Modes of Neuronal Communication 260
Chemical Transmission 261
Classic Neurotransmitters 265
Summary 291
Chapter 10. Nonclassic Signaling in the Brain 294
Peptide Neurotransmitters 294
Neurotensin as an Example of Peptide Neurotransmitters 300
Unconventional Transmitters 302
Synaptic Transmitters in Perspective 310
Chapter 11. Neurotransmitter Receptors 314
Ionotropic Receptors 314
G Protein-Coupled Receptors 334
Chapter 12. Intracellular Signaling 350
Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors 350
Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases 368
Chapter 13. Regulation of Neuronal Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis 386
Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene Expression 386
Role of cAMP and Ca2+ in the Activation Pathways of Transcription 395
Summary 403
Chapter 14. Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathways 406
Methods for Modelling Intracellular Signaling Pathways 408
General Issues in the Modeling of Biochemical Systems 423
Specific Modeling Methods 426
Summary 441
Chapter 15. Cell–Cell Communication: An Overview Emphasizing Gap Junctions 446
Chemical and Electrical Synapses Differ in Functional Characteristics 450
Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Gap Junctions in the Nervous System 454
Role of Gap Junctions in Functions of Nervous Tissue 457
Gap Junction-Related Neuropathologies 463
Chapter 16. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration 474
Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials 474
Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials 487
Integration of Synaptic Potentials 490
Chapter 17. Information Processing in Complex Dendrites 494
Strategies for Studying Complex Dendrites 495
Summary: The Dendritic Tree as a Complex Information Processing System 510
Chapter 18. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms 514
Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation and Depression 514
Paradigms Have Been Developed To Study Associative and Nonassociative Learning 544
Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights From Aplysia Into Basic Mechanisms of Learning 546
Classical Conditioning in Vertebrates: Discrete Responses and Fear as Models of Associative Learning 558
How Does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store Complex Memory? 575
Summary 577
Index 590

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.11.2003
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zellbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049135-9 / 0080491359
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049135-6 / 9780080491356