Air Pollution and Health (eBook)

Stephen T. Holgate, Hillel S. Koren, Robert L. Maynard, Jonathan M. Samet (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

1999 | 1. Auflage
1065 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-052692-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination.
Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health.

Key Features
* Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies
* Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format
* Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection

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Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination.Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health. - Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies- Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format- Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection

Inhalt

Cover 1
Air Pollution and Health 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 12
Preface 6
Contributors 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 16
Chapter 2. Air Pollution and Health History 20
PART 1: GEOGRAPHICAL, ATMOSPHERIC AND GROUND DETERMINANTS OF AIR POLLUTION 34
Chapter 3. Basic Meteorology 36
Chapter 4. Atmospheric Chemistry 66
Chapter 5. Measurements of Concentrations of Air Pollutants 78
Chapter 6. Patterns of Air Pollution in Developed Countries 98
Chapter 7. Patterns of Air Pollution in Developing Countries 120
Chapter 8. Sources of Air Pollution 130
Chapter 9. Exposure Assessment 164
PART 2: RESPIRATORY TRACT DETERMINANTS OF AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS 178
Chapter 10. Animal Models to Study for Pollutant Effects 180
Chapter 11. Novel Approaches t o Study Nasal Responses to Air Pollution 214
Chapter 12. Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Air Pollutants on the Lower Respiratory Tract 234
Chapter 13. Structure-Function Relationships 284
Chapter 14. Deposition and Clearance of Inhaled Particles 310
Chapter 15. Respiratory Reflexes 340
Chapter 16. Antioxidant Defences in the Extracellular Compartment of the Human Lung 356
Chapter 17. Air Pollutants: Modulators of Pulmonary Host Resistance Against Infection 372
Chapter 18. Carcinogenic Responses to Air Pollutants 396
PART 3: GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL AGENTS OF AIR POLLUTANT HEALTH EFFECTS 430
Chapter 19. Biomarkers of Exposure 432
Chapter 20. The Epidemiologic Approach to Investigating Outdoor Air Pollution 446
Chapter 21. Health Effects of Air Pollution Episodes 476
PART 4: OZONE 498
Chapter 22. Epidemiological Studies of Ozone Exposure Effects 500
Chapter 23. Controlled Exposure to Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides and Acids 526
Chapter 24. Acute and Chronic Effects of Ozone in Animal Models 546
PART 5: OXIDES OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR 574
Chapter 25. Epidemiological Effects of Oxides of Nitrogen, Especially NO2 576
Chapter 26. Toxicology of Sulfur Oxides 600
Chapter 27. Acid Sulfate Aerosols and Health 618
PART 6: SUSPENDED PARTICULATES 632
Chapter 28. Composition of Air Pollution Particles 634
Chapter 29. Metals and Air Pollution Particles 650
Chapter 30. Particulate Air Pollution: Injurious and Protective Mechanisms in the Lungs 668
Chapter 31. Epidemiology of Particle Effects 688
Chapter 32. The Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust: Laboratory and Epidemiologic Studies 722
PART 7: CARBON MONOXIDE, LEAD AND AIR TOXICS 762
Chapter 33. Carbon Monoxide 764
Chapter 34. Lead 812
Chapter 35. Selected Organic Chemicals 828
PART 8: ESTIMATING HEALTH AND COST IMPACTS 854
Chapter 36. Air Pollution and Lung Cancer 856
Chapter 37. Controlled Exposures of Asthmatics to Air Pollutants 880
Chapter 38. Risk Assessment and Air Pollution 896
Chapter 39. Estimating the Effects of Air Pollutants on the Population: Human Health Benefits of Sulfate Aerosol Reductions Under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment 914
Chapter 40. Costing the Health Effects of Poor Air Quality 932
PART 9: AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AND INFORMATION NETWORKS 944
Chapter 41. Technology and Costing of Air Pollution Abatement 946
Chapter 42. United States and International Approaches to Establishing Air Standards and Guidelines 962
Chapter 43. Air Quality Guidelines and Standards 998
Chapter 44. Informing the Public about Air Pollution 1034
Index 1050
Color Plates Section 1082

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 21.4.1999
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Arbeits- / Sozial- / Umweltmedizin
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Epidemiologie / Med. Biometrie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-052692-6 / 0080526926
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-052692-8 / 9780080526928