Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (eBook)

Petrophysical and Logging Applications

D.J. Bergman, K.-J. Dunn, G.A. LaTorraca (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 1. Auflage
312 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-053779-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to petroleum exploration and production have become more and more important in recent years. The development of the NMR logging technology and the NMR applications to core analysis and formation evaluation have been very rapid and extensive.

The scope of this book covers a wide range of NMR related petrophysical measurements on cores including brief descriptions of recent applications of Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR and the basics of NMR imaging of cores. In the discussion of NMR logging applications various schemes of using NMR logs to obtain necessary information for formation evaluation are outlined, such as irreducible water saturation determination, hydrocarbon typing, oil viscosity estimation, and permeability prediction. The principles of these applications are discussed using schematic diagrams for illustration.

A unique aspect of the book is that it provides a detailed account of the basic principles of spin diffusion and relaxation in porous media. Another important area that is covered is the inversion of NMR data into a distribution of amplitudes associated with relaxation time which provides the basic information needed to interpret the NMR measurements obtained from logging.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 8
Preface 12
Acknowledgements 14
Fundamental Constants 18
Chapter 1. Historical developments of NMR logging 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance 21
1.3 NMR logging tool developments 22
1.4 Applications in formation evaluation 29
Chapter 2. NMR relaxation 32
2.1 Magnetic systems 32
2.2 Relaxation times 36
2.3 T1 measurements 41
2.4 T2 measurements 44
2.5 Diffusion in non-uniform fields 46
2.6 Practical measurement problems 55
Chapter 3. NMR properties of fluids 62
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 NMR properties of bulk fluids 68
3.3 T2 in a magnetic field gradient 74
3.4 Oil viscosity and diffusion constant 80
Chapter 4. Petrophysical NMR measurements 90
4.1 NMR in porous media 90
4.2 Diffusion in porous media 112
4.3 Petrophysical applications 119
4.4 MAS NMR 136
4.5 NMR core imaging 141
Chapter 5. NMR logging applications 148
5.1 Porosity estimation 148
5.2 Irreducible water saturation 152
5.3 Permeability prediction 154
5.4 Residual oil determination 158
5.5 Hydrocarbon typing 160
5.6 Oil viscosity estimation 172
5.7 Logging guidelines 180
Chapter 6. NMR data acquisition and inversion 184
6.1 Data acquisition 184
6.2 Data inversion 192
Chapter 7. Theory of NMR in fluid-saturated porons media 216
7.1 Spin relaxation and diffusion 216
7.2 PFGSE and its applications 242
7.3 Random walker simulations 257
Appendix A. Diffusion eigenstates and PFGSE amplitude 266
Appendix B. Short time asymptotics 276
Bibliography 280
Glossary 295
Index 302

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.1.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-053779-0 / 0080537790
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-053779-5 / 9780080537795