Fluid Flow Measurement (eBook)

A Practical Guide to Accurate Flow Measurement

Paul J. LaNasa, E. Loy Upp (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2002 | 2. Auflage
296 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-050660-9 (ISBN)

Infos

There is a tendency to make flow measurement a highly theoretical and technical subject but what most influences quality measurement is the practical application of meters, metering principles, and metering equipment and the use of quality equipment that can continue to function through the years with proper maintenance have the most influence in obtaining quality measurement. This guide provides a review of basic laws and principles, an overview of physical characteristics and behavior of gases and liquids, and a look at the dynamics of flow. The authors examine applications of specific meters, readout and related devices, and proving systems. Practical guidelines for the meter in use, condition of the fluid, details of the entire metering system, installation and operation, and the timing and quality of maintenance are also included.

This book is dedicated to condensing and sharing the authors' extensive experience in solving flow measurement problems with design engineers, operating personnel (from top supervisors to the newest testers), academically-based engineers, engineers of the manufacturers of flow meter equipment, worldwide practitioners, theorists, and people just getting into the business.





The authors' many years of experience are brought to bear in a thorough review of fluid flow measurement methods and applications.
Avoids theory and focuses on presentation of practical data for the novice and veteran engineer.
Useful for a wide range of engineers and technicians (as well as students) in a wide range of industries and applications.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Fluid Flow Measurement: A Practical Guide to Accurate Flow Measurement 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Dedication 9
Preface 10
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 12
Chapter Overview 12
Requisites of Flow Measurement 13
Background of Flow Measurement 14
History of Flow Measurement 15
Definition of Terms 17
CHAPTER 2. Basic Flow Measurement Laws 35
Reynolds Number 37
Gas Laws 38
Expansion of Liquids 42
Fundamental Flow Equation 43
References 45
CHAPTER 3. Types of Fluid Flow Measurement 46
Custody Transfer 47
Non-Custody Transfer Measurement 57
References 58
CHAPTER 4. Basic Reference Standards 59
American Gas Association (AGA) 60
American Petroleum Institute (API) 63
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 74
American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) 75
Gas Processors Association (GPA) 76
Instrument Society of America (ISA) 78
CHAPTER 5. From Theory to Practice 83
"Ideal" Installations 84
Non-Ideal Installations 85
Fluid Characteristics Data 85
References 101
CHAPTER 6. Fluids 102
Fluids—Liquids and Gases 102
Fluid Characteristics 108
Liquids 115
References 119
CHAPTER 7. Flow 120
Required Characteristics 120
Measurement Units 122
Installation Requirements 123
Flow Pattern 124
References 126
CHAPTER 8. Operations 127
Operational Considerations 127
Operational Influences on Gas Measurement 128
Uncertainty 134
Other Fluid Flow Considerations 143
CHAPTER 9. Maintenance of Meter Equipment 147
Gas Measurement Maintenance 149
Effects of Liquids and Solids on Orifice Measurement 157
Effects on Other Meters 160
General Maintenance of Liquid Meters 161
Specific Liquid Maintenance Problems 163
CHAPTER 10. Measurement and Meters 165
Meter Characteristics 165
Types of Meters 167
CHAPTER 11. Differential (Head) Meters 173
Orifice Meter 175
Meter Design Changed 176
Orifice Meter Description 180
Sizing 181
Equations 181
Maintenance 185
Flow Nozzles 186
Venturi Meters 189
Venturi Installation 190
Other Head Meters 191
CHAPTER 12. Linear and Special Meters 194
Non-Intrusive Meters 195
Intrusive Linear Meters 203
Other and Special-Purpose Meters 217
References 222
CHAPTER 13. Readouts and Related Devices 224
Electronics 224
Related Devices 226
Crude Oil Sampling 232
Natural Gas Sampling 232
Calorimetry 236
References 236
CHAPTER 14. Proving Systems 237
Liquid Provers 238
Gas Provers 243
Critical Flow Provers 244
Central Test Facility 245
References 245
CHAPTER 15. "Loss and Unaccounted for" Fluids 246
Introduction 246
Liquid 247
Gas 250
CHAPTER 16. Auditing 255
Introduction 255
Gas Meters 256
Liquid Meters 256
Analysis Equipment 257
Audit Principles 257
Objective 258
Procedures 258
Evidence 259
Definitive Testing 259
Sources of Information 261
Contract Review 261
Field Measurement Equipment Review 262
Data Review and Comparison 262
Auditing Gas Measurement Systems 263
Chart Review 264
Auditing Liquid Measurement 264
Finalizing the Audit 265
Conclusion 265
Index 266

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.2.2002
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Strömungsmechanik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-050660-7 / 0080506607
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-050660-9 / 9780080506609