Microorganisms and Bioterrorism (eBook)

Burt Anderson, Herman Friedman, Mauro Bendinelli (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2007 | 2006
XX, 240 Seiten
Springer US (Verlag)
978-0-387-28159-9 (ISBN)

Infos

The purpose of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, the most up-to-date information concerning microbes with potential as bioterrorist weapons. The primary audience includes microbiologists, including bacteriologists, virologists and mycologists, in academia, government laboratories and research institutes at the forefront of studies concerning microbes which have potential as bioterrorist weapons, public health physicians and researchers and scientists who must be trained to deal with bioterrorist attacks as well as laboratory investigators who must identify and characterize these microorganisms from the environment and from possibly infected patients.

Inhalt

Contributors 6
Preface to the Series 9
Introduction 11
Contents 14
1 Biotechnology and the Public Health Response to Bioterrorism 20
1. INTRODUCTION 20
2. US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE—THE LABORATORY RESPONSE NETWORK 21
3. DETECTION, MONITORING, AND IDENTIFICATION OF BT AGENTS 24
4. THE POTENTIAL FOR MISUSE OF BIOTECHOLOGY 27
5. BIOTECHNOLOGY, PUBLIC HEALTH INTEREST AND THE EXCHANGE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION 29
SUMMARY 31
REFERENCES 31
2 Historical Perspectives of Microbial Bioterrorism 33
1. INTRODUCTION 33
2. EARLY USE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN WARFARE 35
3. THE GERM THEORY AND BIOTERRORISM 38
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PERSPECTIVES 45
REFERENCES 45
3 The Infectious Disease Physician and Microbial Bioterrorism 48
1. INTRODUCTION 48
2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, INFECTION, AND BIOTERRORISM 48
3. THE EVOLVING PRACTICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 50
4. INTEGRATING THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN WITH PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE 50
5. PREVENTION, EARLY RECOGNITION, AND THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN 51
6. EDUCATION, THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHYSICIAN, AND PREPAREDNESS 53
SUMMARY 54
REFERENCES 54
4 Modulation of Innate Immunity to Protect Against Biological Weapon Threat 56
1. BIOTERRORISM AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS THREAT 56
2. IMMUNE SYSTEM 62
3. INNATE IMMUNITY 64
4. PULMONARY INNATE IMMUNITY 65
5. MODULATION OF IMMUNITY FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION 70
6. MODULATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY TO PROTECT AGAINST BIOLOGICAL WEAPON THREAT—A SUMMARY 74
REFERENCES 75
5 Smallpox: Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses Relevant to Vaccine and Therapeutic Strategies 79
1. INTRODUCTION 79
2. HISTORY OF SMALLPOX INFECTION AND ITS ERADICATION 80
3. CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES 81
4. VIRUS STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION 83
5. PATHOGENESIS, HOST DEFENSE, AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE 83
6. FEATURES OF SMALLPOX MAKING IT A LIKELY BIOTERROR AGENT 85
7. HISTORY AND POTENTIAL OF SMALLPOX AS A BIOWEAPON 85
8. SMALLPOX VACCINES AND ANTIVIRAL THERAPIES 86
9. CONCLUSIONS 92
REFERENCES 92
6 Bacillus anthracis: Agent of Bioterror and Disease 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ANTHRAX 99
3. B. anthracis AND BIOTERROR 101
4. EVOLUTION INTO A PATHOGEN 102
5. SPORE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 103
6. VIRULENCE FACTORS 109
7. B. anthracis AND MACROPHAGE INTERACTIONS 118
8. VACCINE AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES 122
REFERENCES 126
7 Tularemia Pathogenesis and Immunity 136
1. INTRODUCTION 136
2. PATHOGENESIS 138
3. IMMUNITY 143
CONCLUSIONS 148
REFERENCES 148
8 Brucella and Bioterrorism 153
1. INTRODUCTION 153
2. BRUCELLOSIS: A ZOONOTIC DISEASE 153
3. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS 154
4. LIFE WITHIN THE MACROPHAGE AND SUBVERSION OF HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES 156
5. HISTORY OF THE USE OF BRUCELLA AS AN AGENT OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE 157
6. IMPACT OF AN ATTACK USING BRUCELLA AS AN AGENT OF BIOTERRORISM 158
7. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BRUCELLOSIS 159
8. VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE 161
9. SUMMARY 163
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 163
REFERENCES 164
9 Pneumonic Plague 168
1. INTRODUCTION 168
2. PLAGUE IN HUMANS 169
3. BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 175
4. BACTERIAL GENETICS 181
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIC PLAGUE 182
6. CURRENT AND FUTURE NEEDS 187
REFERENCES 187
10 Coxiella burnetii, Q Fever, and Bioterrorism 193
1. INTRODUCTION 193
2. A BRIEF HISTORY 193
3. Q FEVER 195
4. EPIDEMIOLOGY 196
5. Coxiella burnetii LIFECYCLE STAGES 197
6. Coxiella burnetii GENOME 198
7. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE 199
8. PHASE TRANSITION 200
9. INVASION OF HOST CELLS 202
10. ENVIRONMENT OF ACIDIFIED PHAGOSOME 203
11. METABOLIC PATHWAYS 204
12. TRANSPORT 204
13. TRANSFORMATION STUDIES 206
14. Coxiella burnetii OUTBREAKS IN THE MILITARY 206
15. Coxiella burnetii AS A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON 207
16. STERILIZATION/DISINFECTION 209
17. DETECTION METHODS 209
18. TREATMENTS OF Q FEVER 211
19. VACCINE 212
REFERENCES 212
11 Genomic and Proteomic Approaches Against Q Fever 221
1. INTRODUCTION 221
2. DISEASE AND THREAT 221
3. HOST–PARASITE INTERACTION 222
4. SECRETION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS 224
5. PATHOGENESIS 225
6. ISOLATE DIVERSITY AND VIRULENCE 226
7. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY 227
8. WHOLE CELL C. burnetii VACCINES 229
9. NEW OPPORTUNITIES WITH GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC APPROACHES 232
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 233
REFERENCES 233
12 Rickettsia rickettsii and Other Members of the Spotted Fever Group as Potential Bioweapons 239
1. INTRODUCTION 239
2. SFG RICKETTSIAE WITH BIOWEAPON POTENTIAL 240
3. FEASIBILITY OF OBTAINING, PROPAGATING, STABLIZING, AND WEAPONIZING SFG RICKETTSIAE 241
4. METHODS OF DISPERSAL 242
5. PATHOGENESIS OF AEROSOL TRANSMISSION 243
6. AVAILABLE METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION 244
7. NEEDED COUNTERMEASURES 245
REFERENCES 246
Index 248

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.5.2007
• Reihe/Serie: Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis
• Reihe/Serie: Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis
• Zusatzinfo: XX, 240 p. 14 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Natur / Technik ► Fahrzeuge / Flugzeuge / Schiffe ► Militärfahrzeuge / -flugzeuge / -schiffe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: immunity • Infectious • infectious disease • Infectious Diseases • microbe • Microorganism • microorganisms • rickettsia • Vaccine
• ISBN-10: 0-387-28159-2 / 0387281592
• ISBN-13: 978-0-387-28159-9 / 9780387281599