The Judicial System
ABC-CLIO (Verlag)
978-1-4408-7457-4 (ISBN)
The American judicial system plays a central role in setting and enforcing the legal rules under which the people of the United States live. U.S. courts and laws, though, are complex and often criticized for bias and other alleged shortcomings, The U.S. Supreme Court has emerged as a particular focal point of political partisanship and controversy, both in terms of the legal decisions it hands down and the makeup of its membership.
Like other books in the Contemporary World Issues series, this volume comprises seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the origins, development, and current characteristics of the American judicial system. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies orbiting around the U.S. justice system today. Chapter 3 features a wide-ranging collection of essays that examine and illuminate various aspects of the judicial system. Chapter 4 profiles influential organizations and people related to the justice system, and Chapter 5 offers relevant data and documents about U.S. courts. Chapter 6 is composed of an annotated list of important resources, while Chapter 7 offers a useful chronology of events.
Michael C. LeMay, PhD, is professor emeritus of political science at California State University, San Bernardino.
Preface,
1 Background and History,
Introduction: An Overview of the Judicial System,
Pre-Constitution Judicial System, 6
Colonial Era: 1600 to Late 1700s, 6
The Articles of Confederation Period, 7
The Federal Court System Established by the U.S. Constitution, 8
District Courts, 13
Special Courts, 15
Appellate Jurisdiction Courts of Special Subject Matter,
State and Local Judicial Systems,
Court Systems in Each State,
Bibliography,
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,
Introduction,
Problem 1: The Bewildering Complexity of the American Judicial System,
Problem 2: Judicial Ethics,
Problem 3: Screening of Federal Judicial Nominees,
Problem 4: Forced Arbitration Agreements,
Problem 5: Gender Bias in the Judicial System,
Problem 6: Increasing Partisanship of the U.S. Courts and Judicial Systems,
Problem 7: Inequity in the Judicial System—Racial and Ethnic,
Problem 8: Lack of Minority Judges on the Bench,
Problem 9: Oversight Relationships,
Problem 10: Public Defender Issues,
Problem 11: Juries in the Judicial System,
Problem 12: Structural Problems,
Problem 13: Unqualified Judges,
Bibliography,
3 Perspectives,
Introduction,
Remote Control: How Appellate Court Online Hearings Can Help Offset Judiciary Budget Cuts, 133 Taraleigh Davis
"Let 'em Play, Ref": The Superabundance of Law in the United States, 136 Troy W. Hinrichs
The Supreme Court, the Incorporation Doctrine, and the States, 141 Timothy R. Johnson and Rachel Houston
There Are Reversals and Then There Are REVERSALS, 146 Scott Merriman
The Judicial System from a Clerk's Perspective, 149 Dennis McKinney
Congressional Oversight of the Federal Judiciary, 152 Mark C. Miller
Courts and Administrative Agencies: A Central Feature of Modern Policymaking, 156 Joseph Postell
Transgender Rights and the American Judicial System, 160 Chuck Stewart
4 Profiles,
Introduction,
Organizations, 168
Alliance for Justice (AFJ), 168
American Association for Justice (AAJ), 168
American Bar Association (ABA), 169
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 170
American Constitution Society (ACS), 172
American Heritage Society, 173
American Judicature Society (AJS), 174
Brennan Center for Justice, 175
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), 176
Cato Institute Center for Constitutional Studies (CICCS), 176
Center for American Progress (CAP), 177
Center for Individual Rights (CIR), 177
Center for Justice and Democracy (CJD), 178
Center for the Study of Law and Religion (CSLR), 179
Economic Policy Institute (EPI), 180
Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, 180
Federal Judicial Center (FJC), 182
Institute for Justice (IJ), 182
Law and Economic Center (LEC), 183
Legal Information Institute (LII), 184
National Constitution Center, 184
Olin Foundation, 185
Pew Research Center, 186
Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), 187
The Sentencing Project, 188
U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), 189
U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, 190
U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS), 191
Vera Institute of Justice (VIJ), 192
People, 193
Samuel Chase (1741–1811), 193
William O. Douglas (1898–1980), 194
William M. Evarts (1818–1901), 196
Clarence Earl Gideon (1910–1972), 197
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933–2020), 198
Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948), 201
Edward "Ted" Kennedy (1932–2009), 203
Patrick Leahy (1940–), 204
John Marshall (1755–1835), 205
Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993), 206
Ralph Nader (1934–), 208
Barack Obama (1961–), 209
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930–), 210
William Rehnquist (1924–2005), 211
John Roberts (1959–), 212
Antonin Scalia (1936–2016), 213
William Howard Taft (1857–1930), 215
Roger Taney (1777–1864), 216
Donald Trump (1946–), 217
Earl Warren (1891–1974), 218
Bibliography,
5 Data and Documents,
Introduction,
Data,
Figure 5.1 Map of the Geographic Boundaries for U.S. District Courts and Circuit Courts of Appeals, 232
Figure 5.2 New York State Judicial System Flowchart, 232
Figure 5.3 Louisiana Courts Structure, 233
Figure 5.4 Line Graph of the Combined State and Federal Imprisonment Rates per 100,000 Residents, by Race and Ethnicity, 2008–2018, 233
Figure 5.5 Lifetime Likelihood of Imprisonment for Persons Born in 2001; White, Black, Latinx; Men and Women, 234
Table 5.1. Year States Were Admitted to the Union, by Year Admitted, 234
Table 5.2. Number of States Using Assorted Methods of Judicial Selection, 236
Table 5.3. Federal Judges Impeached, 1804–2010, 237
Table 5.4. Federal Judicial Nominees by Rate Not Qualified by ABA, 1989 to 2019, 238
Table 5.5. Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, 240
Table 5.6. Methods of Judicial Selection in State Court Systems, 241
Documents,
Document 5.1: Article III, the Constitution of the United States, 242
Document 5.2: Excerpts from the Judiciary Act of 1789, 243
Document 5.3: Excerpts from Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), 250
Document 5.4: Judiciary Act of 1869, 252
Document 5.5: Excerpts from Miller v. Texas (1894), 253
Document 5.6: The Nonpartisan Court Plan (Missouri Plan), 254
Document 5.7: Excerpts from the Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974, 257
Document 5.8: Excerpts from United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez (1990), 260
Document 5.9: Excerpts from Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn et al. (2011), 262
Document 5.10: Description of the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980, Amended March 12, 2019, 264
6Resources,
Introduction,
Print Resources, 267
Books, 267
Leading Scholarly Journals, 299
Nonprint Sources,
Websites, 305
Films, 306
7 Chronology,
Glossary,
Index,
| Erscheinungsdatum | 03.05.2022 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Contemporary World Issues |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 152 x 229 mm |
| Gewicht | 652 g |
| Themenwelt | Recht / Steuern ► Allgemeines / Lexika |
| Recht / Steuern ► EU / Internationales Recht | |
| Recht / Steuern ► Öffentliches Recht ► Verfassungsverfahrensrecht | |
| Recht / Steuern ► Strafrecht | |
| ISBN-10 | 1-4408-7457-3 / 1440874573 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-4408-7457-4 / 9781440874574 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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