Nuclear Models

Walter Greiner, Joachim A. Maruhn (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

XVI, 376 Seiten

1997 | 1996
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-78046-5 (ISBN)

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Theoretical physics has become a many-faceted science. For the young student it is difficult enough to cope with the overwhelming amount of new scientific material that has to be learned, let alone to obtain an overview of the entire field, which ranges from mechanics through electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, field theory, nuclear and heavy-ion science, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and solid state theory to elementary-particle physics. And this knowledge should be acquired in just 8-10 semesters during which, in addition, a Diploma or Master's thesis has to be worked on or examinations prepared for. All this can be achieved only if the university teachers help to introduce the student to the new disciplines as early on as possible, in order to create interest and excitement that in turn set free essential new energy. Naturally, all inessential material must simply be eliminated. At the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt we therefore confront the student with theoretical physics immediately in the first semester. Theoretical Mechanics I and II, Electrodynamics, and Quantum Mechanics I - an Introduction are the basic courses during the first two years. These lectures are supplemented with many mathematical explanations and much support material. After the fourth semester of studies, graduate work begins and Quantum Mechanics II - Symme tries, Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Electrodynamics, the Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions, and Quantum Chromodynamics are obligatory.

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h. c. mult. Walter Greiner, geb. Oktober 1935 im Thüringer Wald, Promotion 1961 in Freiburg im Breisgau, 1962-64 Assistent Professor an der University of Maryland, seit 1964/65 ordentlicher Professor für Theoretische Physik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main und Direktor des Instituts für Theoretische Physik. Gastprofessuren unter anderem an der Florida State University, University of Virginia, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Yale University, Vanderbilt University, University of Arizona. Hauptarbeitsgebiete sind die Struktur und Dynamik der elementaren Materie (Quarks, Gluonen, Mesonen, Baryonen, Atomkerne), Schwerionenphysik, Feldtheorie (Quantenelektrodynamik, Eichtheorie der schwachen Wechselwirkung, Quantenchromodynamik, Theorie der Gravitation), Atomphysik. 974 Empfänger des Max-Born-Preises und der Max-Born-Medaille des Institute of Physics (London) und der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, 1982 des Otto-Hahn-Preises der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, 1998 der Alexander von Humboldt-Medaille, 1999 Officier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques. Inhaber zahlreicher Ehrendoktorwürden (unter anderem der University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, der Universite Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, der UNAM Mexico, der Universitäten Bucharest, Tel Aviv, Nantes, St. Petersburg, Moskau, Debrecen, Dubna und anderen) sowie Ehrenprofessuren (University of Bejing, China, und Jilin University Changchun, China) und Ehrenmitglied vieler Akademien.

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Nuclear Structure Physics.- 1.2 The Basic Equation.- 1.3 Microscopic versus Collective Models.- 1.4 The Role of Symmetries.- 2. Symmetries.- 2.1 General Remarks.- 2.2 Translation.- 2.2.1 The Operator for Translation.- 2.2.2 Translational Invariance.- 2.2.3 Many-Particle Systems.- 2.3 Rotation.- 2.3.1 The Angular Momentum Operators.- 2.3.2 Representations of the Rotation Group.- 2.3.3 The Rotation Matrices.- 2.3.4 SU(2) and Spin.- 2.3.5 Coupling of Angular Momenta.- 2.3.6 Intrinsic Angular Momentum.- 2.3.7 Tensor Operators.- 2.3.8 The Wigner-Eckart Theorem.- 2.3.9 6j and 9j Symbols.- 2.4 Isospin.- 2.5 Parity.- 2.5.1 Definition.- 2.5.2 Vector Fields.- 2.6 Time Reversal.- 3. Second Quantization.- 3.1 General Formalism.- 3.1.1 Motivation.- 3.1.2 Second Quantization for Bosons.- 3.1.3 Second Quantization for Fermions.- 3.2 Representation of Operators.- 3.2.1 One-Particle Operators.- 3.2.2 Two-Particle Operators.- 3.3 Evaluation of Matrix Element for Fermions.- 3.4 The Particle-Hole Picture.- 4. Group Theory in Nuclear Physics.- 4.1 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras.- 4.2 Group Chains.- 4.3 Lie Algebras in Second Quantization.- 5. Electromagnetic Moments and Transitions.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Quantized Electromagnetic Field.- 5.3 Radiation Fields of Good Angular Momentum.- 5.3.1 Solutions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation.- 5.3.2 Solutions of the Vector Helmholtz Equation.- 5.3.3 Properties of the Multipole Fields.- 5.3.4 Multipole Expansion of Plane Waves.- 5.4 Coupling of Radiation and Matter.- 5.4.1 Basic Matrix Elements.- 5.4.2 Multipole Expansion of the Matrix Elements and Selection Rules.- 5.4.3 Siegert s Theorem.- 5.4.4 Matrix Elements for Emission in the Long-Wavelength Limit.- 5.4.5 Relative Importance of Transitions and Weisskopf Estimates.- 5.4.6 Electric Multipole Moments.- 5.4.7 Effective Charges.- 6. Collective Models.- 6.1 Nuclear Matter.- 6.1.1 Mass Formulas.- 6.1.2 The Fermi-Gas Model.- 6.1.3 Density-Functional Models.- 6.2 Nuclear Surface Deformations.- 6.2.1 General Parametrization.- 6.2.2 Types of Multipole Deformations.- 6.2.3 Quadrupole Deformations.- 6.2.4 Symmetries in Collective Space.- 6.3 Surface Vibrations.- 6.3.1 Vibrations of a Classical Liquid Drop.- 6.3.2 The Harmonic Quadrupole Oscillator.- 6.3.3 The Collective Angular-Momentum Operator.- 6.3.4 The Collective Quadrupole Operator.- 6.3.5 The Quadrupole Vibrational Spectrum.- 6.4 Rotating Nuclei.- 6.4.1 The Rigid Rotor.- 6.4.2 The Symmetric Rotor.- 6.4.3 The Asymmetric Rotor.- 6.5 The Rotation-Vibration Model.- 6.5.1 Classical Energy.- 6.5.2 Quantal Hamiltonian.- 6.5.3 Spectrum and Eigenfunctions.- 6.5.4 Moments and Transition Probabilities.- 6.6 ?-Unstable Nuclei.- 6.7 More General Collective Models for Surface Vibrations.- 6.7.1 The Generalized Collective Model.- 6.7.2 Proton-Neutron Vibrations.- 6.7.3 Higher Multipoles.- 6.8 The Interacting Boson Model.- 6.8.1 Introduction.- 6.8.2 The Hamiltonian.- 6.8.3 Group Chains.- 6.8.4 The Casimir Operators.- 6.8.5 The Dynamical Symmetries.- 6.8.6 Transition Operators.- 6.8.7 Extended Versions of the IBA.- 6.8.8 Comparison to the Geometric Model.- 6.9 Giant Resonances.- 6.9.1 Introduction.- 6.9.2 The Goldhaber-Teller Model.- 6.9.3 The Steinwedel-Jensen Model.- 6.9.4 Applications.- 7. Microscopic Models.- 7.1 The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction.- 7.1.1 General Properties.- 7.1.2 Functional Form.- 7.1.3 Interactions from Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering.- 7.1.4 Effective Interactions.- 7.2 The Hartree Fock Approximation.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 The Variational Principle.- 7.2.3 The Slater-Determinant Approximation.- 7.2.4 The Hartree Fock Equations.- 7.2.5 Applications.- 7.2.6 The Density Matrix Formulation.- 7.2.7 Constrained Hartree Fock.- 7.2.8 Alternative Formulations and Three-Body Forces.- 7.2.9 Hartree Fock with Skyrme Forces.- 7.3 Phenomenological Single-Particle Models.- 7.3.1 The Spherical-Shell Model.- 7.3.2 The Deformed-Shell Model.- 7.4 The Relativistic Mean-Field Model.- 7.4.1 Intro

Erscheint lt. Verlag	26.6.2009
Vorwort	D.A. Bromley
Zusatzinfo	XVI, 376 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	216 x 280 mm
Gewicht	740 g
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik
Schlagworte	Element • Fission • Hardcover, Softcover / Physik, Astronomie/Atomphysik, Kernphysik • HC/Physik, Astronomie/Atomphysik, Kernphysik • Kernmodelle • Kernphysik • Neutron • Nuclear model • nuclear models • nuclear physics • Nucleon • Particle physics • Quantum Chromodynamics • quantum electrodynamics • quantum mechanics • Radiation • scattering • Weak Interaction
ISBN-10	3-540-78046-7 / 3540780467
ISBN-13	978-3-540-78046-5 / 9783540780465
Zustand	Neuware