The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges
American Geophysical Union (Verlag)
978-0-87590-409-2 (ISBN)
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Awareness has grown over the past several years that the subseafloor may harbor a substantial biosphere sustained by volcanic heat and chemical fluxes from the Earth's interior. This realization has profound scientific implications for questions concerning the origins of life, the true extent of Earth's biosphere, and the search for life on other planets. At mid-ocean spreading centers, the fluxes that sustain life are the highest, and the hydrothermal fluids in which micro-organisms grow are readily accessible on the seafloor. In addition, periodic volcanic eruptions flush fluids and microbes from the subsurface, and volcanic gases are believed to drive spectacular microbial blooms. Although ridges are challenging locations in which to work, they are unique in the oceans because of the diversity and dynamic nature of their subsurface environments.
William S. D. Wilcock and Edward F. DeLong are the authors of The Subseafloor Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges, published by Wiley.
Introduction
The Subsurface Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridges: Issues and Challenges
John A. Baross, William S. D. Wilcock, Deborah S. Kelley, Edward F. DeLong, 5. Craig Cary 1
Physical Limits to Subsurface Life
The Upper Temperature Limit for Life Based on Hyperthermophile Culture Experiments
and Field Observations
James F. Holden and Roy M. Daniel 13
The Stability of Biomolecules and the Implications for Life at High Temperatures
Roy M. Daniel, James F. Holden, Jolanda Truter, Don A. Cowan, and Renate van Eckert 25
On the Edge of a Deep Biosphere: Real Animals in Extreme Environments
James J. Childress, Charles R. Fisher, Horst Felbeck, and Peter Girguis 41
The Subseafloor Environment at Mid-Ocean Ridges
Geophysical Constraints on the Subseafloor Environment Near Mid-Ocean Ridges
William S. D. Wilcock and Andrew T. Fisher 51
Diking, Event Plumes, and the Subsurface Biosphere at Mid-Ocean Ridge
Robert W. Embley and John E. Lupton 75
Fluid Flow and Fluid-Rock Interaction Within Ocean Crust: Reconciling Geochemical,
Geological, and Geophysical Observations
Wolfgang Bach, Susan E. Humphris, and Andrew T. Fisher 99
Serpentinization of Oceanic Peridotites: Implications for Geochemical Cycles
and Biological Activity
Gretchen L Fruh-Green, James A. D. Connolly Alessio Plas, Deborah S. Kelley, and Bernard Grobety 119
Environmental Conditions Within Active Seafloor Vent Structures: Sensitivity to Vent Fluid
Composition and Fluid Flow
Margaret Kingston Tivey 137
Energy Sources and Physiological Diversity
Geochemical Energy Sources That Support the Subsurface Biosphere
Everett L. Shock and Melanie E. Holland 153
Volatiles in Submarine Environments: Food for Life
Deborah S. Kelley Marvin D. Li I ley, and Gretchen L. Fruh-Green 167
Activation of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds:
Metal Catalysis at the Subseafloor Biosphere
George W. Luther, III 191
Potential Importance of Dissimilatory Fe(lll)-Reducing Microorganisms
in Hot Sedimentary Environments
Kazem Kashefi, Dawn. E. Holmes, Derek R. Lovley, and Jason M. Tor 199
Significance of Polysaccharides in Microbial Physiology and the Ecology of
Hydrothermal Vent Environments
Marybeth A. Pysz, Clemente I. Montero, Swapnil R. Chhabra, Robert M. Kelly and Kristina D. Rinker 213
Environmental Dynamics and Variability
Detection of and Response to Mid-Ocean Ridge Magmatic Events: Implications for
the Subsurface Biosphere
James P. Cowen, Edward T. Baker, and Robert W. Embley 227
Diffuse Flow Hydrothermal Fluids From 9°50'N East Pacific Rise: Origin, Evolution and
Biogeochemical Controls
Karen L. Von Damm and Marvin D. Lilley 245
Mixing, Reaction and Microbial Activity in the Sub-seafloor Revealed by
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Diffuse Flow Vents at Axial Volcano
David A. Butterfield, Kevin K. Roe, Marvin D. Lilley Julie A. Huber, John A. Baross, Robert W. Embley and Gary J. Massoth 269
Illuminating Subseafloor Ecosystems Using Microbial Tracers
Melanie E. Holland, John A. Baross, and James F. Holden 291
Sedimented Ridges as a Laboratory for Exploring the Subsurface Biosphere
Robert A. Zierenberg and Melanie E. Holland 305
Global Distribution and Comparisons
The Ocean Crust as a Bioreactor
Hubert Staudigel, Bradley Tebo, Art Yayanos, Harald Furnes, Katie Kelley, Terry Plank, and Karlis Muehlenbachs 325
Diversity of Life at the Geothermal Subsurface-Surface Interface: The Yellowstone Example
John R. Spear and Norman R. Pace 343
Unifying Principles of the Deep Terrestrial and Deep Marine Biospheres
Frederick S. Colwell and Richard P. Smith 355
Distribution of Unusual Archaea in Subsurface Biosphere
Ken Takai, Fumio Inagaki, and Koki Horikoshi 369
Future Directions
Studying the Deep Subsurface Biosphere: Emerging Technologies and Applications
S. Craig Cary, Barbara J. Campbell, and Edward F DeLong 383
| Reihe/Serie | Geophysical Monograph Series |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 221 x 275 mm |
| Gewicht | 1161 g |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-87590-409-2 / 0875904092 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-87590-409-2 / 9780875904092 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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