Of Poles and Zeros

Fundamentals of Digital Seismology

F. Scherbaum (Autor)

Buch | Softcover

257 Seiten

1996 | Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1996
Springer (Verlag)
978-0-7923-4013-3 (ISBN)

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Digital signal processing has become an integral part of observational seismology. Seismic waveforms and the parameters commonly extracted from them are strongly influenced by the effects of numerous filters, both within the earth and within the recording system. With the advent of numerous software tools for the processing of digital seismograms, seismologists have unprecedented power in extracting information from seismic records. These tools are often based on sophisticated theoretical aspects of digital signal processing which, to be used properly, need to be understood. This book is aimed at observational seismologists and students in geophysics trying to obtain a basic understanding of those aspects of digital signal processing that are relevant to the interpretation of seismograms. It covers the basic theory of linear systems, the design and analysis of simple digital filters, the effect of sampling and A/D conversion, the calculation of `true ground motion', and the effects of seismic recording systems on parameters extracted from digital seismograms. It contains numerous examples and exercises together with their solutions.

1 Introduction.- 2 RC Filter.- 2.1 The system diagram.- 2.2 The differential equation.- 2.3 The frequency response function and the Fourier transform.- 2.4 The transfer function and the Laplace transform.- 2.5 The impulse response function.- 2.6 The step response function.- 2.7 The frequency response function and the pole position.- 2.8 The difference equation.- 2.9 Review RC filter.- 3 General linear time invariant systems.- 3.1 Generalization of concepts.- 3.2 Graphical estimation of the frequency response function.- 3.3 The phase properties of general LTI system.- 3.4 The interpretation of the frequency response function.- 4 The seismometer.- 4.1 The solution for simple initial conditions.- 4.2 The determination of the damping constant.- 4.3 The frequency response function.- 5 The sampling process.- 5.1 The sampling of analog data.- 6 Analog-to-digital conversion.- 6.1 The principle of analog to digital conversion.- 6.2 Increasing dynamic range and resolution.- 7 From infinitely continuous to finite discrete.- 7.1 Fourier series for periodic continuous-time signals (CTFS).- 7.2 Fourier transform for aperiodic continuous-time signals (CTFT).- 7.3 Fourier transform of discrete-time signals.- 7.4 Fourier series for periodic discrete-time signals.- 7.5 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).- 7.6 The z-transform and the discrete transfer function.- 7.7 The inverse z-transform.- 7.8 The z-transform and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).- 7.9 The convolution of sequences.- 8 The digital anti-alias filter.- 8.1 Removing the maximum phase component of a FIR filter.- 9 Inverse and simulation filtering of digital seismograms.- 9.1 Stability problems.- 9.2 Implementation.- 9.3 Review inverse and simulation filtering.- 10 The measurement of wavelet parameters from digital seismograms.- 10.1 The determination of ground motion amplitudes.- 10.2 The properties of seismic onsets.- 10.3 Rise time and pulse duration.- 10.4 Signal moment.- References.- Appendix: Solution to problems.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	31.5.1996
Reihe/Serie	Modern Approaches in Geophysics ; 15
Zusatzinfo	XI, 257 p.
Verlagsort	Dordrecht
Sprache	englisch
Maße	160 x 240 mm
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
ISBN-10	0-7923-4013-2 / 0792340132
ISBN-13	978-0-7923-4013-3 / 9780792340133
Zustand	Neuware