Artificial Intelligence in Brain and Mental Health: Philosophical, Ethical & Policy Issues

Fabrice Jotterand, Marcello Ienca (Herausgeber)

Buch | Hardcover

XVI, 267 Seiten

2022 | 1st ed. 2021
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-74187-7 (ISBN)

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This volume provides an interdisciplinary collection of essays from leaders in various fields addressing the current and future challenges arising from the implementation of AI in brain and mental health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform health care and improve biomedical research. While the potential of AI in brain and mental health is tremendous, its ethical, regulatory and social impacts have not been assessed in a comprehensive and systemic way.

The volume is structured according to three main sections, each of them focusing on different types of AI technologies. Part 1, Big Data and Automated Learning: Scientific and Ethical Considerations, specifically addresses issues arising from the use of AI software, especially machine learning, in the clinical context or for therapeutic applications. Part 2, AI for Digital Mental Health and Assistive Robotics: Philosophical and Regulatory Challenges, examines philosophical, ethical and regulatory issues arising from the use of an array of technologies beyond the clinical context. In the final section of the volume, Part 3 entitled AI in Neuroscience and Neurotechnology: Ethical, Social and Policy Issues, contributions examine some of the implications of AI in neuroscience and neurotechnology and the regulatory gaps or ambiguities that could potentially hamper the responsible development and implementation of AI solutions in brain and mental health. In light of its comprehensiveness and multi-disciplinary character, this book marks an important milestone in the public understanding of the ethics of AI in brain and mental health and provides a useful resource for any future investigation in this crucial and rapidly evolving area of AI application.

The book is of interest to a wide audience in neuroethics, robotics, computer science, neuroscience, psychiatry and mental health.

lt;p>Dr. Fabrice Jotterand, PhD, MA, is Professor of Bioethics and Medical Humanities and Director of the Graduate Program in Bioethics at the Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Medical College of Wisconsin. He holds a second appointment as Senior Researcher at the Institute for Biomedical Ethics at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He is also the resident philosopher at the MCW Kern Institute where he directs the Philosophies of Medical Education Transformation Laboratory (P-METaL). His work examines the importance of character formation and practical wisdom in the moral development of future physicians as well as how the philosophy of medicine contributes to medical professionalism.His experience as an educator has been fostered by more than fifteen years of teaching courses in neuroethics, bioethics, and medical humanities. Dr. Jotterand's scholarship and research interests focus on issues including neuroethics, the use of neurotechnologies in psychiatry, neurotechnologies and human identity, the philosophy of medicine and medical professionalism, and bioethics and moral/political philosophy. He has published more than 60 articles and book chapters as well as reviews in leading academic journals and has published five books. He is currently completing a book manuscript entitled The Unfit Brain and the Limits of Moral Bioenhancement that focuses on the ethical and social implications of the potential use of neurotechnologies in psychiatry to alter brain functions to address so-called "moral pathologies" (antisocial, aggressive, and harmful behavior; psychopathic traits).

Dr. Marcello Ienca is Research Fellow at the Health Ethics & Policy Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Switzerland. His research focuses on the ethics and governance of biomedical data, ethically aligned artificial intelligence and responsible innovation for emerging technologies at the human-machine interface, especially brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Prior to joining ETH Zurich, Dr. Ienca obtained MSc, MA and PhD degrees from the Humboldt University of Berlin, KU Leuven (Erasmus Mundus Consortium) and the University of Basel. He has published over twenty peer-reviewed articles on the ELSI of neurotechnology and AI, big data trends in biomedicine, ethical design in robotics, data ethics, dual-use, digital health and cognitive assistance for people with intellectual disabilities. He has received several awards for social responsibility in science and technology such as the Prize Pato de Carvalho (Portugal), the Sonia Lupien Award (Canada) and the Paul Schotsmans Prize from the European Association of Centres of Medical Ethics (EACME). He is a representative to the board of the International Neuroethics Society (INS) and the chair of the INS Student/Postdoc Committee.

Introduction.- Part I Scientific Considerations and Challenges: AI-augmented neuroimaging.- AI analytics in brain cancer screening.- AI analytics to detect pre-symptomatic dementia.- AI analytics in schizophrenia.- Wearables, mHealth and mental health monitoring.- Prevention of mental disorders through social media.- The brain health modeling initiative and the promise of AI.- Assistive robotics for dementia and mild cognitive impairment.- Telehealth and robotherapy in psychiatry.- Robot-assisted neurorehabilitation.- Brain-computer interfaces and AI-mediated neuromodulation.- Part III . Ethical Legal and Social Implications: Mental Privacy.- Algorithmic transparency - Measurement bias and ethical bias.- Discrimination and stigma.- Informed Consent.- Minimal risk.- Fairness and Research Allocation.- The black-box problem of medical AI.- The transformation of therapeutic relationships.- The role of IRBs.- The ethics of automated medical decision-making.- Accountability and Responsibility.- Designing moral technologies for brain and mental health.- AI and Human Beings: Philosophical and Ethical Perspectives.- Part III Policy Perspectives: Current regulatory frameworks in North America.- Gaps in existing regulations.- Policy and law of AI in China.- Deontology and best practices.- Regulation of AI industry.- AI in the developing world: a global justice perspective.- Regulation of AI in Europe.- Conclusion - Towards an ethical framework for AI in brain and mental health.

Erscheinungsdatum	07.10.2021
Reihe/Serie	Advances in Neuroethics
Zusatzinfo	XVI, 267 p. 8 illus. in color.
Verlagsort	Cham
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Gewicht	582 g
Themenwelt	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
Schlagworte	Artificial Intelligence • Big Data • Data Ethics • Discrimination and stigma • Ethical Framework • Neurotechnology • Robotherapy
ISBN-10	3-030-74187-7 / 3030741877
ISBN-13	978-3-030-74187-7 / 9783030741877
Zustand	Neuware