Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019 (eBook)

Erkan Topal (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2019 | 1st ed. 2020
XIV, 519 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-33954-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This conference proceedings presents the research papers in the field of mine planning and mining equipment including themes such as mine automation, rock mechanics, drilling, blasting, tunnelling and excavation engineering. The papers presents the recent advancement and the application of a range of technologies in the field of mining industry. It is of interest to the professionals who practice in mineral industry including but not limited to engineers, consultants, managers, academics, scientist, and government staff. 

Inhalt

Foreword 6
Organisation 7
MPES 2019 Committees 7
Local Organizing and Technical Committee 7
Reviewers’ Committee 7
Contents 8
Advances in Surface Mine Planning Design and Computer Application 14
Keynote Paper: Some Perspectives on Implications of Top Globally Ranked Factors Affecting Mining on the Future of Mine Planning 15
Abstract 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Top-Ranked High-Level Factors in Mining in 2019 16
3 Implications for Mine Planning 19
4 Concluding Remarks 20
References 20
A New Search Algorithm for Finding Candidate Crusher Locations Inside Open Pit Mines 22
Abstract 22
1 Introduction 22
2 Problem Description and Assumptions 24
3 Search Algorithm 26
3.1 Aggregation Procedure 26
3.2 Slice Definition 27
3.3 Specific Rules 28
4 Validation and Results 31
5 Discussion 33
6 Conclusion 36
References 37
An Application of an Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling Model with Grade Engineering 38
Abstract 38
1 Introduction 38
2 Mathematical Framework 40
3 Pre-processing 41
4 Results and Discussion 42
5 Conclusion 43
Acknowledgements 43
References 44
Optimised Pit Scheduling Including In-Pit Dumps for Stratified Deposit 45
Abstract 45
1 Introduction 45
2 Methodology for Model 48
3 Implementation of the Model 49
4 Analysis of Results 52
5 Conclusions 53
6 Future Research 53
References 53
A Simulation Model for Estimation of Mine Haulage Fleet Productivity 54
Abstract 54
1 Introduction 54
2 Methodology 55
3 Case Study 58
4 Discussion of Results 58
5 Conclusions 60
References 61
Solving Complex Mine Optimisation Problems Using Blend Vectoring and Multi-objective Production Scheduling 63
Abstract 63
1 Introduction 63
1.1 The Role of Mine Planning During Feasibility Studies 63
1.2 Our Contribution 64
2 Blend Vectoring a Resource 65
2.1 The Iron Ore Optimisation Problem 65
2.2 The Knapsack Formulation 66
2.3 Finding the Optimal Resource 68
3 Ultimate Pit Limit Optimisation 69
3.1 Optimal Design of Open Pit Mines 69
3.2 Assessing the Strategies for Pit Shell Generation 70
4 Open-Pit Mine Production Scheduling 71
4.1 Scheduling in Practice 71
4.2 Genetic Algorithms 73
4.3 The Evolution Application 74
4.4 Post-mining Sequence Process Scheduling 75
5 Conclusion 77
References 77
Effective Methods to Reduce Grade Variability in Iron Ore Mine Operations 79
Abstract 79
1 Introduction 79
2 Description of Methods and Mathematical Model 81
3 Model Implementation and Results Analysis 82
4 Conclusions 86
References 86
Open Pit Mine Scheduling Model Considering Blending and Stockpiling 87
Abstract 87
1 Introduction 87
1.1 Integer-Linear and Nonlinear Models Considering a Stockpile 88
2 Data 88
3 An Optimization Model Considering Stockpiles and Blending Constraints 89
3.1 Notation 90
3.2 L-Average Bound Model /left( {/hat{p}^{la} } /right) 91
4 Results 92
5 Conclusion 93
References 94
Impact of Geological Uncertainty at Different Stages of the Open-Pit Mine Production Planning Process 95
Abstract 95
1 Introduction 96
2 Methodology 97
2.1 Ultimate Pit Limit Problem 97
2.2 Pushback Selection Problem 98
2.3 Production Scheduling Problem 98
2.4 Case Study 99
3 Results 99
4 Conclusions 102
Acknowledgements 102
References 102
Review of Mathematical Models Applied in Open-Pit Mining 104
Abstract 104
1 Introduction 104
1.1 Relevance of Application of Mathematical Models in Open-Pit Mining 105
2 Mathematical Models Applied in Open-Pit Mining 106
2.1 Cut-off Grade Calculation and Optimisation 106
2.2 Block Economic Evaluation 108
2.3 Pit Design and Optimisation 110
2.4 Production Scheduling 111
3 Conclusion 111
References 112
Mine Planning and Optimisation Techniques Applied in an Iron Ore Mine 115
Abstract 115
1 Introduction 115
2 Surface Mine Planning Optimisation Techniques 116
2.1 Mineral Resource Management (MRM) Structure 116
2.2 Block Modelling 116
2.3 Pit Optimisation and Mine Design 117
2.4 Scheduling 118
2.5 Stockpiling 120
2.6 Equipment Selection 120
2.7 Quality/Grade Control 120
2.8 Reconciliation 121
3 Conclusion and Recommendations 122
References 122
Modeling Long-Term Production Scheduling Problem and Its Solution Using a Bat Meta-heuristic Method 123
Abstract 123
1 Introduction 123
2 LTPS Model for Open Pit Mines 124
2.1 Formulation as an Integer Programming Problem 125
3 Proposed Model as Multi Objective Optimization Problem 127
4 Bat Algorithm (BA) 128
4.1 Pseudo Code of the Bat Algorithm 129
5 Conclusion 129
References 130
Comparison of Methods to Define the Final Pit - A Case Study 132
Abstract 132
1 Introduction 132
2 Methods 133
2.1 The Deposit 133
2.2 Compositing 133
2.3 Variogram 133
2.4 Block Model 134
2.5 Kriging Estimative and Inverse Distance Square (IDS) 134
2.6 Blocks Economic Value 135
2.7 Floating Cone Pits 135
2.8 Lerchs-Grossmann Pits 136
2.9 Traditional Scheduling 137
2.10 Direct Block Scheduling 137
3 Results and Discussion 138
4 Conclusion 139
References 139
Advances in Underground Mine Planning Design and Computer Application 140
A Simulation Study of Underground Coal Mining Logistics and Roadway Development Performance 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Discrete Event Simulation (DES) 142
3 Discrete Event Simulation (DES) Model 142
4 The Supply of Support Materials 144
5 The Effect of Downtime and Scheduling Delay of Material Supply on the Development 146
6 Concluding Comments 148
References 148
Optimization and Sequencing a Semiautomated Ramp Design in Underground Mining: A Case Study 149
Abstract 149
1 Introduction 149
2 Methodology 150
3 Case Study 151
4 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 154
References 154
Developing a Tool for Automatic Mine Scheduling 156
Abstract 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Constructive Heuristic for Automated Scheduling 157
2.1 Algorithm for Pilot Heuristic 157
3 Results and Numerical Evaluation of Heuristic 159
3.1 Evaluation of the Heuristic Scheduling 159
4 Discussions and Conclusions 161
4.1 Feedback from Test in New Boliden Mine 161
4.2 Conclusions and Future Work 162
References 163
Resource Modelling and Geometallurgical Planning 164
Mineral Resource Classification Based on Uncertainty Measures in Geological Domains 165
Abstract 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Methodology 166
3 Actual Case Study 167
4 Conclusion 172
References 172
Strategic and Tactical Geometallurgical Application in an Underground High-Grade Narrow-Vein Gold Operation 173
Abstract 173
1 Overview 173
2 Geology and Mineralisation 174
3 Strategic Geometallurgical Programme 175
3.1 Sampling and Testwork Strategy 175
3.2 Programme Outputs 176
4 PFS and Trial Mining 177
4.1 PFS Outcome 177
4.2 Trial Mining 177
4.3 Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 178
4.4 Project Financial Metrics 178
5 Tactical Geometallurgy Programme 179
5.1 Ore Control 179
5.2 Tactical Geometallurgical Modelling 179
5.3 Short-Term Stope Panel Modelling 180
6 Production Results 180
7 Summary 181
Acknowledgements 182
References 182
Investigation of Uncertainties in Data Imputation Through Application of Sequential Co-simulation 183
Abstract 183
1 Introduction 183
2 Methodology 184
2.1 Sequential Gaussian Co-simulation 184
2.2 Simple Co-Kriging 184
2.3 Multi-Collocated Co-Kriging 185
3 Actual Case Studies 185
4 Stochastic Imputation 186
5 Results and Discussion 186
5.1 Sensitivity Analysis 187
6 Conclusions 189
References 190
Block Modelling Based on Grade Domaining: Is It Reliable? 191
Abstract 191
1 Introduction 191
2 Methodology 192
3 Case Study 193
3.1 Presentation of the Dataset 193
3.2 Geostatistical Modelling 194
4 Validation of Algorithms 197
5 Conclusion 197
Acknowledgement 198
References 198
Multicriteria Analysis as a Fundamental Tool for Mineral Research. Case Study: Quadrilátero Ferrífero/Brazil 199
Abstract 199
1 Introduction 199
2 Methodology 201
3 Results and Discussions of the Variables 202
4 Conclusion 206
References 207
Artificial intelligence and Mine Automation 208
Mine Planning and Selection of Autonomous Trucks 209
Abstract 209
1 Introduction 209
2 The Economic Case for AHS 211
3 Mine Planning for AHS 213
4 Perceived and Actual Benefits of Implementing AHS 214
5 Negatives Associated with AHS 215
6 Current and Future Status of Mining Automation 217
Acknowledgements 218
References 218
Intelligent Enterprise with Industry 4.0 for Mining Industry 219
Abstract 219
1 Introduction 219
1.1 Present Mining Technology 220
1.2 Challenges with Present Mining Technology 220
2 Need of the Hour- Intelligent Enterprise with Industry 4.0 220
2.1 Industry 4.0 221
2.2 Big Data 221
2.3 Data Analytics 222
2.4 Application of Big Data Analytics in Mining Process Through Operation Research: 222
2.5 Internet of Things (IoT) 223
3 Summary 224
Acknowledgement 224
References 224
The Optimization of Cemented Hydraulic Backfill Mixture Design Parameters for Different Strength Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms 225
Abstract 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Basic Concepts of Constrained Optimization 227
3 Genetic Programming 227
4 Single-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 228
5 Experimental Database and Parameters 229
6 Problem Formulation, Analyses and Results 229
6.1 Problem Formulation 229
6.2 Determination of UCS Models by GP 230
6.3 Finding CHB Mixture Design Parameters for a Specific UCS by PSO 231
7 Conclusions 232
References 232
Application of Deep Learning Approaches in Igneous Rock Hyperspectral Imaging 234
Abstract 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Background 235
2.1 Hyperspectral Imaging 236
2.2 Deep Learning 236
3 Methodology 236
3.1 Capturing the Hyperspectral Image 237
3.2 Pixel Data Collection 237
3.3 Data Pre-processing 238
4 Results and Discussion 238
4.1 Hyperspectral Signatures 238
4.2 Deep Learning Analysis 239
5 Conclusion 241
References 241
Development of an Underground In-Situ Stress Monitoring System for Mining Safety Using Multi Sensor Cell and Wi-Fi Direct Technology 242
Abstract 242
1 Introduction 242
2 Proposed Underground Rock Stress Monitoring System 243
3 Ad Hoc Wireless Communication System 244
4 Differential Measurement of In-Situ Stress and Strain Conditions 246
4.1 Stress Measurement Methods 246
4.2 Determining Sensor Unit Orientation 247
4.3 Determination of Stress Exerted on Sensor Unit 248
5 Conclusion 249
References 249
Spatio-Temporal Change Detection of North Antelope Rochelle and Black Thunder Coal Fields of US Using Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Satellite Data 251
Abstract 251
1 Introduction 251
2 Materials and Methods 252
2.1 Study Area 252
2.2 Satellite Data 253
2.3 Research Framework 253
3 Results and Discussion 254
4 Conclusion 258
Acknowledgment 259
References 259
An Automated Underground Space Monitoring and Communication System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks 261
Abstract 261
1 Introduction 261
2 Underground WSN Data Management 263
2.1 Data Management Server Using GIS 264
2.2 System Outputs 265
3 Prospects of Underground ZigBee Applications 266
4 Conclusion 266
References 267
Analysis of Mobile Communication Coverage and Capacity for Automation in Open-Pit Mines 268
Abstract 268
1 Introduction 268
2 Methodology 269
2.1 Macro-cell and Access-Points 269
2.2 Simulated Scenarios 271
3 Results and Discussions 273
4 Conclusions 275
References 275
Mine Equipment Selection, Utilisation and Maintenance 277
A Novel Approach to Safely Increase Dump Truck Pay-Load Capacity to Optimize Material Haulage 278
Abstract 278
1 Introduction 278
2 Truck Productivity Improvement Opportunity 280
2.1 The Need for Truck Payload Improvement 280
2.2 Initial Measures for Productivity Increase 281
2.3 Further Productivity Enhancement Strategy 282
3 Identification of the Appropriate Light-Weight Body as Replacement 282
3.1 Approach 282
3.2 Testing of Light-Weight Dump Bodies 283
3.3 Results 283
4 Economic Impact 284
5 Conclusions 284
References 285
Prediction of Mining Railcar Remaining Useful Life 286
Abstract 286
1 Introduction 286
2 Methodology 287
3 Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Rolling Stock 288
4 Conclusions 292
References 293
Determination of Transition Time from Truck-Shovel to an IPCC System Considering Economic Viewpoint by System Dynamics Modelling 294
Abstract 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Economic Index Modelling in System Dynamics 295
2.1 Income 295
2.2 Total Capital Costs 295
2.3 Total Operating Costs 296
2.4 Economic Index Equation 296
3 Case Study 296
3.1 Total Capital Cost 298
3.2 Total Operating Costs 298
3.3 Economic Index 299
4 Conclusion 299
Acknowledgment 299
References 300
Discrete-Event Simulation of a Maintenance Policy with Multiple Scenarios 301
Abstract 301
1 Introduction 301
2 Multi-scenario Maintenance Model 303
3 A Case Study for an Earthmover 305
4 Conclusions 308
References 308
Distribution of the Main Operational Costs Due to the Size of the Loading and Haulage Fleet: Brazilian Reality 309
Abstract 309
1 Introduction 309
2 Methodology 310
2.1 Considered Trucks and Excavators 311
2.2 Determination of the Main Operational Costs 313
3 Results and Discussion 314
4 Conclusion 316
References 316
Mining Economics 317
Analysis of Capital Allocation by Mining Companies 318
Abstract 318
1 Introduction 318
2 Value and Value Creation in Mining Through Capital Allocation 319
2.1 Capital Allocation to Mergers and Acquisitions 320
2.2 Capital Allocation to Expand and Sustain Operations 320
2.3 Capital Allocation Through Divestment 320
2.4 Capital Allocation to Shareholders 320
3 Measures of Value Realised from Capital Invested 321
4 Methodology 322
5 Results from Analysis of Capital Allocation Decisions 322
5.1 Review of Capital Allocation for the Five Companies 322
5.2 Review of Production Volume Growth for the Five Companies 323
5.3 Results from Review of Capital Allocation as Function of Commodity Price 324
5.4 Summary of ROCE and ROIC Results 325
6 Conclusion 327
References 327
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Utilising a Pre-concentration Process in Underground Metal Mining 329
Abstract 329
1 Introduction 329
2 Underground Pre-concentration (UPC) 330
3 Conceptual Model 331
4 Discussions 333
5 Conclusions 334
References 335
Financial Performance of Johannesburg Securities Exchange Traded Gold Mining Companies: Du Pont and Economic Value Added Analyses 336
Abstract 336
1 Introduction 336
2 Financial Analysis 339
2.1 Financial Ratios 339
2.2 Du Pont Analysis 339
2.3 Economic Value Add 340
3 Methodology 342
4 Du Pont and Value Analysis 342
4.1 AngloGold Ashanti 342
4.2 Harmony Gold 344
4.3 Sibanye-Stillwater 345
5 Summary of the Findings 346
6 Conclusions 347
References 347
Ultimate Pit Limit Determination Considering Mining Royalty in Open-Pit Copper Mines 349
Abstract 349
1 Introduction 349
2 Royalty Measurement Systems 351
3 Methodology 353
3.1 Royalty Prediction 353
3.2 Simulation-Based Procedure 354
3.3 Block Economic Value Calculation 355
4 Case Study: Sungun Copper Mine (SCM) 356
5 Results 356
6 Discussion 358
7 Conclusion 360
References 360
Mine Health, Safety and Environment 362
Risk Estimation Approach Considering Implementation of Automated Ventilation Systems into Kazakhstan Metal Mines 363
Abstract 363
1 Introduction 363
1.1 Mine Ventilation Systems 363
2 Materials and Methods 365
2.1 Ventilation System Optimisation 365
2.2 Risk Analysis Methodologies 366
3 Results and Discussion 366
3.1 Risk Estimation Approach 366
4 Conclusion 369
Acknowledgments 369
References 370
Barite in Sediments from Underground Waters of Hard Coal Mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland) 371
Abstract 371
1 Introduction 371
2 Materials and Methods 372
3 Research Results 373
3.1 Mineral Composition of Sediments 373
3.2 Forms of Barite 374
3.3 Metal Contamination 375
4 Summary 376
References 377
Field Scale Assessment of Artificial Topsoil: A Victorian Coal Mine Experience 378
Abstract 378
1 Introduction and Background 378
2 Materials and Methods 379
2.1 Site Description 379
2.2 Experimental Design 380
2.3 Soil Monitoring 381
3 Results and Discussion 381
3.1 Texture and Bulk Density 381
3.2 PH 382
3.3 Salinity and Sodicity 383
3.4 Nutrients 384
4 Conclusions 390
Acknowledgements 390
References 390
Application of Sodium Silicate Chemical Grouting to Tropical Regions 392
Abstract 392
1 Introduction 392
2 Material 393
2.1 Chemical Grout 393
2.2 Grouted Soil 395
3 Laboratory Tests 395
3.1 Hydraulic Conductivity Improvement Analysis 395
4 Result and Discussion 396
4.1 Application to Toyoura Quartz Sand 396
4.2 Application to Volcanic Sand 396
4.3 Application to Clayey Sand 396
4.4 Application to Acid Sand 398
5 Conclusion 399
References 400
Health and Safety in Brazilian Mines: A Statistical Analysis 401
Abstract 401
1 Introduction 401
2 Methodology 402
3 Results 403
4 Conclusion 408
References 409
Sustainable Development of Mining Resources 410
Socio-Economic Impact of Mine Closure and Development of Exit Strategy for Rural Mining Areas in Zambia: A Case Study of Kalumbila District 411
Abstract 411
1 Introduction 412
2 Mine Closure 414
3 Social Impacts of Mine Closure 415
4 Proposed Community Exit Strategy (CES) for Kalumbila Community 416
5 Key Considerations of the Proposed Community Exit Strategy 419
6 Conclusion 419
References 420
Towards Low-Carbon Economy: A Business Model on the Integration of Renewable Energy into the Mining Industry 422
Abstract 422
1 Introduction 422
2 Methodology 423
3 Results 424
3.1 Comparative Analysis of Four Scenarios in Terms of Savings of the Cost of Ownership 424
3.2 CO2 Emissions Impact Including a CO2 Emission Price Fluctuation 426
4 Conclusions 428
References 429
A Valuation Approach to Investigate the Sustainability of Sorkhe-Dizaj Iron Ore Mine of Iran 431
Abstract 431
1 Introduction 431
2 The Environmental Impact of Mining Operations 432
3 Materials and Methods 433
3.1 The Developed Folchi Method 433
4 Implementation of the Framework on Sorkhe-Dizaj Iron Ore Mine 441
5 Results and Discussion 441
6 Conclusion 444
Acknowledgment 444
References 444
Drilling, Blasting and Excavation Engineering 447
Effect of Delay Time and Firing Patterns on the Size of Fragmented Rocks by Bench Blasting 448
Abstract 448
1 Introduction 448
2 Overview of Field Experiments 449
2.1 Evaluation of Fracture/Joint Conditions in Rock Mass 449
2.2 Fragmentation Analysis 450
3 Results and Discussions 451
3.1 Effect of Delay Time on Distribution of Rock Fragmentation 451
3.2 Prediction of Distribution and Size of Fragmentation in Delay Blasting 453
4 Conclusions 455
Acknowledgements 455
References 455
Illumination of Contributing Parameters of Uneven Break in Narrow Vein Mine 456
Abstract 456
1 Introduction 456
2 Current over and Underbreak Management in Underground Stoping Mines 458
3 UB Prediction ANN Model 459
4 Parameter Contribution Analysis of UB Prediction ANN Model 460
5 Discussion 460
6 Conclusion 462
Appendix 1 462
References 464
A Study on Rock Cutting Forces and Wear Mechanisms of Coated Picks by Lab-Scale Linear Cutting Machine 466
Abstract 466
1 Introduction 466
2 Lab-Scale Linear Rock Cutting Setup 468
2.1 Lab-Scale Linear Rock Cutting Setup 468
2.2 Sample Preparation 469
3 Experimental Design/Procedure 469
4 Results and Discussion 471
4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis 471
4.2 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis 471
4.3 Hardness Testing 471
4.4 Wear Analysis of Cutting Bits 472
References 473
Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Applications 475
Evaluation on the Instability of Stope Mining Influenced by the Risks of Slope Surface and Previous Mined-Out Activities 476
Abstract 476
1 Introduction 476
2 Brief Lithology and Mine Plan at Research Mine Site 477
3 Numerical Model with FLAC3d Software 478
4 Results and Discussions 480
4.1 Instability of Rock Mass Affected by the Slope Surface 480
4.1.1 Condition of Rock Mass Near the Slope Surface Before Mining Activities 480
4.1.2 Stability of Rock Mass Near the Slope Surface During Mining Activities 480
4.2 Instability of Stope at Block 3 481
4.2.1 Potential Instability of Rock Mass in Block 3 481
4.2.2 Displacement of Ribs and Roof of Stope 481
5 Conclusion 484
Acknowledgments 484
References 484
Application of Synthetic Nets as an Enabler of Optimised Pit Slopes at Skorpion Zinc Mine 485
Abstract 485
1 Introduction 485
1.1 Location and General Open Pit Layout 485
1.2 Geological Setting 487
1.3 Current Geotechnical Issues 488
1.4 Pit Slope Optimisation 488
1.5 Stability Analysis 489
1.6 Acceptability Criteria and Optimal Pit Slope 492
1.7 Cost Analysis 493
1.8 Conclusion and Recommendations 494
References 494
Numerical Investigation on Gate-Entry Stability of Trial Panel in Indonesia Longwall Coal Mine 496
Abstract 496
1 Introduction 496
2 Characteristic of Study Area 497
3 Numerical Analysis 498
3.1 Model Description 498
3.2 Model Validation 500
4 Results and Discussions 501
4.1 Gate-Entry Stability Control by Leaving Remain Coal Thickness 501
4.2 Investigating Stability of Roof Support During Gate-Entry Development 502
5 Conclusions 503
References 504
Seismic Activity and Convergence in Deep Mining Field, Case Study from Copper Ore Mine, SW Poland 505
Abstract 505
1 Introduction 505
2 Study Area Depiction 506
3 Convergence of Mine Excavations 507
4 Convergence Related to Seismicity 508
4.1 Annual and Monthly Convergence Increase 508
4.2 24-Hour and 30-Day Convergence Increase 509
5 Conclusions 512
Acknowledgments 512
References 512
Author Index 513

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.11.2019
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering
• Reihe/Serie: Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering
• Zusatzinfo: XIV, 519 p. 281 illus., 246 illus. in color.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Big Data • Geotechnical Engineering • machine learning • Mine Automation • Mine Planning • Mineral Resources • Mining Environment • MPES 2019 • open pit • sustainable development • underground mines
• ISBN-10: 3-030-33954-8 / 3030339548
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-33954-8 / 9783030339548