The Optical Clearing Method (eBook)

A New Tool for Clinical Practice and Biomedical Engineering

Luís Manuel Couto Oliveira, Valery Victorovich Tuchin (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2019 | 1st ed. 2019
XI, 177 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-33055-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book describes the Optical Immersion Clearing method and its application to acquire information with importance for clinical practice and various fields of biomedical engineering. The method has proved to be a reliable means of increasing tissue transparency, allowing the investigator or surgeon to reach deeper tissue layers for improved imaging and laser surgery. This result is obtained by partial replacement of tissue water with an active optical clearing agent (OCA) that has a higher refractive index and is a better match for the refractive index of other tissue components. Natural tissue scattering is thereby reduced. An exponential increase in research using this method has occurred in recent years, and new applications have emerged, both in clinical practice and in some areas of biomedical engineering. Recent research has revealed that treating ex vivo tissues with solutions containing active OCAs in different concentrations produces experimental data to characterize drug delivery or to discriminate between normal and pathological tissues. The obtained drug diffusion properties are of interest for the pharmaceutical and organ preservation industry. Similar data can be estimated with particular interest for food preservation. The free water content evaluation is also of great interest since it facilitates the characterization of tissues to discriminate pathologies. An interesting new application that is presented in the book regards the creation of two optical windows in the ultraviolet spectral range through the application of the immersion method. These induced transparency windows open the possibility to diagnose and treat pathologies with ultraviolet light. This book presents photographs from the tissues we have studied and figures that represent the experimental setups used. Graphs and tables are also included to show the numerical results obtained in the sequential calculations performed.

Luís Oliveira graduated in Physics in 2000 from Porto University - School of Sciences. Later, in 2010 and 2014, he received the M.S. and PhD degrees from the same University - School of Engineering. Since 2001 he has been a researcher in the field of optics, later specializing in the field of biophotonics. He is a Professor (Adjunct) at the Physics Department of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto - School of Engineering since 2008. He is also a senior researcher in biophotonics at the Center of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, a research center that is part of the Polytechnic of Porto. In recent years, Prof. Oliveira has reviewed and authored several papers in the fields of tissue optics and tissue optical clearing. He has one patent pending regarding the discovery of two tissue windows in the ultraviolet. His main research interests include tissue optics, tissue optical clearing and related clinical applications to diagnose and treat pathologies. 

Valery V. Tuchin is a professor and chair of Optics and Biophotonics at Saratov State University (National Research University of Russia) and several other universities and academic Institutes in Russia and abroad. His research interests include tissue optics, laser medicine, tissue optical clearing, and nanobiophotonics. He is a fellow of SPIE and OSA, he was awarded the Honored Science Worker of Russia, Honored Professor of Saratov State University, SPIE Educator Award, FiDiPro (Finland), Chime Bell Prize of Hubei Province (China), Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award (OSA/SPIE), and OSA Michael S. Feld Biophotonics Award for pioneering research in biophotonics. He has published more than 700 papers (Web of Science), 27 monographs and text-books, and 58 book chapters. Dr. Tuchin is also a holder of more than 50 patents. His works were cited 24,636 times to August, 2019 (Google Scholar).

Inhalt

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 8
Abbreviations 9
Contents 11
Chapter 1: Tissue Optics 12
1.1 Optical Properties of Tissues and Light Propagation 12
1.2 Why the Scattering Coefficient Is So High? 18
1.3 Implications of High Scattering in Optical Methods for Clinical Practice 21
References 22
Chapter 2: Controlling the Optical Properties of Biological Materials 27
2.1 Turning the Tissues Clear: An Introduction 27
2.2 Tissue Whitening 27
2.3 Temperature Effects and Tissue Coagulation 28
2.4 Mechanical Tissue Compression and Stretching 31
2.5 The Immersion Method 32
References 41
Chapter 3: Typical Optical Clearing Agents 45
3.1 Desirable Properties of Optical Clearing Agents 45
3.2 Absorption and Dispersion Data for OCAs 48
3.3 OCA Enhanced Delivery 52
3.4 Method to Prepare Aqueous Solutions with Different OCA Osmolarities 53
3.4.1 Glucose-Water Solutions 54
3.4.2 Glycerol-Water Solutions 55
3.4.3 EG-Water Solutions 55
3.4.4 PG-Water Solutions 55
3.4.5 Sucrose-Water Solutions 56
References 56
Chapter 4: Major Optical Clearing Mechanisms 59
4.1 Nature of Strong Light Scattering in Biological Tissues 59
4.2 Water and OCA Fluxes and the Clearing Mechanisms 60
4.3 Characterization of the Water and OCA Fluxes and Mechanism Discrimination 63
References 67
Chapter 5: Measurements During Optical Clearing 70
5.1 Ex Vivo Measurements 70
5.1.1 Collimated Transmittance 70
5.1.2 Total Transmittance 72
5.1.3 Total Reflectance 73
5.1.4 Refractive Index 74
5.1.5 Thickness 77
5.2 In Vivo Measurements 78
5.2.1 Diffuse Reflectance 79
5.2.2 Imaging Methods 83
References 84
Chapter 6: Data that Can Be Acquired from Optical Clearing Studies 87
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 Evaluation of the OC Mechanisms Through the Refractive Index Kinetics 87
6.3 Estimation of the Kinetics for Tissue´s Optical Properties During OC Treatments 93
6.4 Estimation of the Diffusion Properties of Water and Agents in Tissues 98
6.5 Physiological Data and Possibility of Diagnostic Procedures 105
6.6 Creation of the UV-Tissue Windows 107
References 111
Chapter 7: Optical Clearing and Tissue Imaging 114
7.1 Introduction 114
7.2 Tissue Imaging in Thick Tissue 115
7.3 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 116
7.4 Microscopy Methods 120
7.5 Speckle Techniques 124
7.6 The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Method 128
7.7 The Light-Sheet Method 134
References 139
Chapter 8: Other Applications of Optical Clearing Agents 146
8.1 Introduction 146
8.2 Dermatology, Cosmetics, and Pharmacology 146
8.3 Tissue Poisoning 150
8.4 Food Industry 156
8.5 Cryogenics 159
References 163
Chapter 9: Future Perspectives of the Optical Clearing Method 169
9.1 Optical Clearing: A Successful Technique in Tissue Optics 169
9.2 Future Developments in Clearing Agents and Protocols 170
9.3 Future Developments in Tissue Spectroscopy 171
9.4 Future Developments in Tissue Imaging 172
9.5 Future Developments in Food Industry and Other Areas 173
References 176
Index 179

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 27.11.2019
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Physics
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Physics
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 177 p. 53 illus., 47 illus. in color.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Schlagworte: Biological Microscopy • Diffusion properties of chemicals in biological tissues • free water content in biological tissues • increasing tissue transparency • Measurements during Optical Clearing • Optical Clearing Agents • Optical Clearing mechanisms • Optical Immersion Clearing method • optical properties of biological tissues • Pathology diagnosis with optical methods
• ISBN-10: 3-030-33055-9 / 3030330559
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-33055-2 / 9783030330552