Sustainable Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment (eBook)
XI, 380 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-10-5623-9 (ISBN)
This book analyses the sustainability of membrane operations applied on an industrial scale, as well as that of those under investigation on lab/pilot scales, covering also the preparation of both polymeric and inorganic membranes. It presents reverse osmosis in desalination, membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment and pressure-driven industrial wastewater treatment in agrofood and textile fields as examples of industrial membrane operations. Regarding the membrane processes still on a lab/pilot scale, the analysis includes membrane operations for the recovery of valuable products from wastewater streams, for the removal of toxic compounds from water/wastewater, and for zero liquid discharge approaches in desalination. The book offers a useful guide for scientists and engineers working in various fields, including membrane technology, separation, desalination, and wastewater treatment.
Alberto Figoli and Alessandra Criscuoli are both Senior Researchers at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy.
Dr. Alberto Figoli has been a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR (Italy) since 2001. He received his PhD in Chemical Technologies at the Membrane Technology Group, Twente University (Enschede, The Netherlands) in 2001. He is an expert in the field of membrane technology, particularly in membrane preparation and characterisation as well as membrane operation related to environmental issues. He received the prize for scientific productivity in 2006: the 'Food Packaging Research - GSICA Award'. He is a member of several associations dealing with membranes (EMS, GISCA, and EFCE). He has been a member of the PhD Council of the University of Calabria SIACE Doctorate School (Italy) since 2014. He was elected as a member of the Council of the European Membrane Society (EMS) for the period 2015-2019 with responsibility for 'Education and Awards' activities (2015-2017) and is'Secretary' for the period 2017-2019. He is responsible for ITM-CNR of several European FP7 projects and national projects with private companies. He is also an evaluator of scientific research projects and PhD theses, and a member of selection/award juries and of conference scientific committees. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers published in international peer-reviewed journals, 3 books and 16 chapters. He is also co-editor of special issues on membrane operations for journals. He also holds two international membrane technology patents.
Dr. Alessandra Criscuoli has been a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR (Italy) since 1999. She obtained her PhD in Chemical Engineering and New Materials at the Department of Chemical Engineering and New Materials of the University of Calabria (Italy) in 2000. She is an expert in membrane operations, especially in membrane contactors applied to water and wastewater treatments and to water desalination. She has been a member of the University of Calabria (Italy) PhD Council in Chemical Engineering and Materials (now SIACE) since 2010 and member of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) Section on Membrane Engineering since 2008. She was a member of the Council of the European Membrane Society (EMS) (2011-2014) responsible for 'Education and Awards' activities. She is also a member of evaluation committees and of scientific and organisation committees of international conferences. She is reviewer of scientific research projects and PhD theses. She is also scientific head of national and international research projects. She is author of one book on membrane contactors and of more than 70 contributions published in international peer-reviewed journals and as book chapters. She is also the co-editor of two books and journal special issues on membrane operations.
This book analyses the sustainability of membrane operations applied on an industrial scale, as well as that of those under investigation on lab/pilot scales, covering also the preparation of both polymeric and inorganic membranes. It presents reverse osmosis in desalination, membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment and pressure-driven industrial wastewater treatment in agrofood and textile fields as examples of industrial membrane operations. Regarding the membrane processes still on a lab/pilot scale, the analysis includes membrane operations for the recovery of valuable products from wastewater streams, for the removal of toxic compounds from water/wastewater, and for zero liquid discharge approaches in desalination. The book offers a useful guide for scientists and engineers working in various fields, including membrane technology, separation, desalination, and wastewater treatment. Alberto Figoli and Alessandra Criscuoli are both Senior Researchers at the Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Italy.
Dr. Alberto Figoli has been a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR (Italy) since 2001. He received his PhD in Chemical Technologies at the Membrane Technology Group, Twente University (Enschede, The Netherlands) in 2001. He is an expert in the field of membrane technology, particularly in membrane preparation and characterisation as well as membrane operation related to environmental issues. He received the prize for scientific productivity in 2006: the “Food Packaging Research - GSICA Award”. He is a member of several associations dealing with membranes (EMS, GISCA, and EFCE). He has been a member of the PhD Council of the University of Calabria SIACE Doctorate School (Italy) since 2014. He was elected as a member of the Council of the European Membrane Society (EMS) for the period 2015-2019 with responsibility for “Education and Awards” activities (2015-2017) and is“Secretary” for the period 2017-2019. He is responsible for ITM-CNR of several European FP7 projects and national projects with private companies. He is also an evaluator of scientific research projects and PhD theses, and a member of selection/award juries and of conference scientific committees. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers published in international peer-reviewed journals, 3 books and 16 chapters. He is also co-editor of special issues on membrane operations for journals. He also holds two international membrane technology patents. Dr. Alessandra Criscuoli has been a senior researcher at the Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR (Italy) since 1999. She obtained her PhD in Chemical Engineering and New Materials at the Department of Chemical Engineering and New Materials of the University of Calabria (Italy) in 2000. She is an expert in membrane operations, especially in membrane contactors applied to water and wastewater treatments and to water desalination. She has been a member of the University of Calabria (Italy) PhD Council in Chemical Engineering and Materials (now SIACE) since 2010 and member of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) Section on Membrane Engineering since 2008. She was a member of the Council of the European Membrane Society (EMS) (2011-2014) responsible for “Education and Awards” activities. She is also a member of evaluation committees and of scientific and organisation committees of international conferences. She is reviewer of scientific research projects and PhD theses. She is also scientific head of national and international research projects. She is author of one book on membrane contactors and of more than 70 contributions published in international peer-reviewed journals and as book chapters. She is also the co-editor of two books and journal special issues on membrane operations.
Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
1 Sustainability and How Membrane Technologies in Water Treatment Can Be a Contributor 13
Abstract 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Water Types 15
1.3 Sustainability Concern 16
1.4 Concept of Sustainability and Its Relevance to Treatment Technologies 18
1.4.1 Indicators (or Metrics) for Water Treatment Businesses 19
1.4.2 Sustainability Assessment 19
1.5 Comparative Sustainability 21
1.6 Sustainability of Membrane Processes 23
1.6.1 Pressure-Driven Membrane Operations 23
1.6.2 Membrane Contactors 25
1.6.3 Coupling Pressure-Driven Membrane Operations with Membrane Contactors 27
1.6.4 New Metrics 28
1.7 Concluding Remarks 30
References 31
2 LCA for Membrane Processes 34
Abstract 34
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 38
2.2.1 Methodology Description 38
2.2.1.1 Goal and Scope Definition 39
2.2.1.2 Inventory Analysis 40
2.2.1.3 Impact Assessment 42
2.2.1.4 Interpretation 43
2.2.2 Extensions 44
2.2.2.1 Extended Methodologies/Frameworks 44
2.2.2.2 Process Design 47
2.3 Application of LCA to Membrane Processes 47
2.3.1 Water Treatment Systems 48
2.3.1.1 Human and Industrial Consumption 48
2.3.1.2 Wastewater Treatment 57
2.3.2 Other Applications 67
2.3.2.1 Food Processing 67
2.3.2.2 Gas Processing 68
2.3.2.3 Sustainability Evaluation 68
2.4 Conclusions 69
Acknowledgments 70
References 70
3 Process Intensification: Definition and Application to Membrane Processes 78
Abstract 78
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 Intensification of Processes Through Appropriate Choice of Membranes 84
3.3 Intensification of Processes Through Appropriate Design and the Choice of Membrane Modules 88
3.4 Intensification of Membrane Processes Through System Configurations 98
3.5 Membrane-Based Hybrid Processes 102
3.6 Concluding Remarks 105
References 106
4 Sustainable Route in Preparation of Polymeric Membranes 108
Abstract 108
4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 Techniques for Preparation of Polymeric Membranes 110
4.3 Synthetic and Biopolymer Materials Used in Most Common Membrane Operations 111
4.3.1 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 112
4.3.2 Nanofiltration (NF) 114
4.3.3 Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) 115
4.3.4 Pervaporation (PV) 117
4.4 Traditional Solvent and “Newer” Non-toxic Solvents in Membrane Preparation 118
4.5 Costs of Membrane Production: A Case Study of Polymeric Hollow Fibers 122
4.5.1 Spinning Process of Hollow Fiber Membranes and Assumptions 122
4.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 125
References 126
5 Inorganic Membranes in Water and Wastewater Treatment 132
Abstract 132
5.1 Introduction 133
5.1.1 Water and Wastewater Treatment 133
5.1.2 Inorganic Membranes 133
5.2 Membrane Processes in Water and Wastewater Treatment 134
5.2.1 Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes 134
5.2.2 Thermally Driven Membrane Process 136
5.3 Membrane Geometries and Modules 137
5.3.1 Flat Membranes 137
5.3.2 Tubular Membranes 138
5.3.3 Hollow Fiber Membranes 139
5.4 Preparation of Inorganic Membranes 139
5.4.1 Raw Inorganic Materials 140
5.4.2 Slip Casting 141
5.4.3 Tape Casting 141
5.4.4 Pressing 141
5.4.5 Extrusion 142
5.4.6 Dip Coating 142
5.4.7 Sol-Gel Process 142
5.4.8 Atomic Layer Deposition 143
5.4.9 Thermal Spray 143
5.4.10 Fabrication of Inorganic Hollow Fiber Membranes 144
5.4.11 Heating 148
5.5 Commercial Inorganic Membranes 149
5.5.1 Nanostone Water Ceramic Membranes 149
5.5.2 LiqTech Silicon Carbide (SiC) Membranes 151
5.5.3 Membralox® Ceramic Membranes 151
5.5.4 CeraMem® Silicon Carbide Ceramic Membranes 151
5.5.5 Inopor® Ceramic Membranes 152
5.5.6 InoCep® Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membranes 152
5.5.7 GKN Sinter Metals Filters 152
5.5.8 Metawater Ceramic Membrane Filtration System 153
5.6 Inorganic Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment 153
5.6.1 Potable Water Production 153
5.6.2 Desalination 154
5.6.3 Textile Wastewater Treatment 154
5.6.4 Oily Wastewater Treatment 156
5.6.5 Wastewater Treatment for Electronics Industry 156
5.6.6 Juice Clarification and Concentration 157
5.7 Conclusions 157
References 158
6 Desalination by Reverse Osmosis 166
Abstract 166
6.1 Introduction 168
6.1.1 Current Status and Trends 168
6.1.2 Sustainability Issues of RO Desalination 169
6.1.3 Scope 171
6.2 The RO Desalination Plant 171
6.2.1 General Plant Layout 171
6.2.2 Feedwater Intake Facility 172
6.2.3 Pretreatment Section 174
6.2.4 Main RO Desalination Section 176
6.2.4.1 Outline of Main RO Process Design and Operation Issues 176
6.2.4.2 Specific Energy Consumption in RO Membrane Desalination Processes 178
6.2.4.3 Itemized Contributions to SEC 180
6.2.4.4 Results of Case Studies—Comments 182
6.2.4.5 Consumption of Chemicals 185
6.2.5 Post-treatment Section 187
6.2.6 Concentrate Treatment/Disposal Facility 188
6.3 Sustainability Issues 190
6.3.1 Environmental Impact 190
6.3.1.1 Overview 190
6.3.1.2 Energy Consumption in RO Desalination Plants 191
6.3.1.3 Environmental Impact of SEC 193
6.3.1.4 Chemicals, Materials, Membranes 193
6.3.2 Economics 194
6.3.2.1 Overview 194
6.3.2.2 Product Water Unit Cost 197
6.3.2.3 Capital Cost 199
6.3.3 Comments on Sustainability Assessment of RO Projects 200
6.4 Current Trends and Perspectives 203
6.4.1 Brief Overall Assessment 203
6.4.2 Prioritization of R& D Needs
References 206
7 Membrane Distillation in Desalination and Water Treatment 211
Abstract 211
7.1 Introduction 212
7.2 Membrane Distillation Applications 216
7.2.1 Desalination of Seawater and Brackish Water 216
7.2.2 Produced Water Treatment from Oil Exploration and Coal Seam Gas Production 217
7.2.3 High Temperature DCMD 218
7.2.4 Water Treatment: Bioreactors and Oily Wastewaters 218
7.2.5 Treatment of Process Streams from Dairy, Food, Beverage Industries and Animal Husbandry 219
7.2.6 Concentration of Acids 220
7.2.7 Membrane Distillation in Biorefineries 221
7.2.8 Mineral Recovery 221
7.2.9 Radioactive Water Treatment 222
7.3 Concluding Remarks 227
Acknowledgements 227
References 227
8 Zero Liquid Discharge in Desalination 230
Abstract 230
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Desalination 233
8.3 Membrane Contactors in Water Treatment and Water Purification 236
8.4 Membrane Technology for Energy Production 240
8.5 Economics of the Membrane-Based Desalination System with Md and/or Mcr Units 243
8.6 Concluding Remarks 247
References 249
9 Removal of Toxic Compounds from Water by Membrane Distillation (Case Study on Arsenic) 251
Abstract 251
9.1 Introduction 252
9.1.1 Arsenic Occurrence in Nature 253
9.1.2 Arsenic Effect on Health 253
9.2 Arsenic Removal Technologies 253
9.2.1 Oxidation 254
9.2.2 Adsorption Processes 255
9.2.3 Coagulation–Flocculation 255
9.2.4 Ion Exchange 256
9.2.5 Membrane Processes 256
9.3 Membrane Distillation 257
9.3.1 Introduction 257
9.3.2 Experimental Investigations on Removal of Arsenic by Membrane Distillation 258
9.3.3 Effect of Feed Concentration on Permeability and Rejection 266
9.3.4 Fouling and Scaling 267
9.4 MD Application on Removal of Other Toxics 268
9.5 Concluding Remarks 269
References 270
10 Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Membrane Bioreactors 272
Abstract 272
10.1 Introduction 273
10.1.1 Water Quality and Public Health 276
10.2 Wastewater and Water Pollution 276
10.2.1 Municipal Wastewater 277
10.2.1.1 Industrial Wastewater 277
10.2.1.2 Healthcare Wastewater 278
10.2.2 Water Contaminants/Pollutants 279
10.2.2.1 Common Macro-pollutants 279
10.2.2.2 MicroPollutants (Emerging Recalcitrant Contaminants) 281
10.3 Water Treatment 282
10.3.1 Membrane Technology 284
10.3.1.1 Microfiltration (MF) 284
10.3.1.2 Ultrafiltration (UF) 285
10.3.1.3 Nanofiltration (NF) 285
10.3.1.4 Reverse Osmosis (RO) 285
10.3.2 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) 286
10.3.2.1 Types of Membrane Bioreactor Configurations 287
10.3.2.2 Microbial Degradation 288
10.3.2.3 Case Study: Municipal Wastewater Treatment 290
10.4 Existing Practices and Trends in MBR for Municipal Wastewater Treatment 292
10.4.1 MBR Expansion in the Market 293
10.5 Performance Limitations of MBR 293
10.5.1 Membrane Fouling/Biofouling 293
10.5.2 Retention of Smaller Molecules 296
10.6 Future Perspective 297
References 298
11 Valuable Products Recovery from Wastewater in Agrofood by Membrane Processes 302
Abstract 302
11.1 Introduction 302
11.2 Recovery of Valuable Compounds from Whey 303
11.2.1 Whey Treatment by Membrane Processes 305
11.2.1.1 Microfiltration 306
11.2.1.2 Ultrafiltration and Diafiltration 306
11.2.1.3 Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis 307
11.2.1.4 Electrodialysis and Ion Exchange Membranes 308
11.2.1.5 New Value-Added Products from Whey 309
11.3 Recovery of Valuable Compounds from Fish and Meat Industries Wastewaters 309
11.3.1 Wastewater Treatment by Membrane Processes 311
11.3.1.1 Microfiltration 311
11.3.1.2 Ultrafiltration and Diafiltration 312
11.3.1.3 Nanofiltration 312
11.3.1.4 Integrated Membrane Processes 313
11.4 Recovery of Polyphenols from Agrofood Industries Wastewaters 313
11.4.1 Polyphenols from Olives 316
11.4.1.1 Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Wastewaters 317
11.4.1.2 Recovery of Polyphenols from Table Olive Processing Wastewaters 320
11.4.2 Polyphenols from Other Agrofood Industries Wastewaters 320
11.5 Conclusions 321
12 Membrane Operations for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Industrial Wastewater 326
Abstract 326
12.1 Metals as Raw Materials: Production, Price and Usage 327
12.2 Conventional and Emerging Technologies for Metal Recovery 329
12.2.1 Metal Recovery by Solvent Extraction 332
12.2.2 Metal Recovery by Membrane-Based Separation Processes 334
12.3 Applications of the Membrane-Based Solvent Extraction Technology for the Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Wastewater 338
12.3.1 Zinc Recovery from Wastewater in the Surface Plating Industry 339
12.3.2 PGMs Recovery from Depleted Car Catalytic Converters 342
12.3.3 REs Recovery from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 345
12.4 Conclusions 349
References 350
13 The Potential of Membrane Technology for Treatment of Textile Wastewater 356
Abstract 356
13.1 Introduction 357
13.2 Classical Membrane-Based Solutions for Textile Wastewater 359
13.3 Treatment Sequences 362
13.4 Integrated Membrane Process 364
13.5 Concentrate Treatment 371
13.6 Resource Recovery from Textile Wastewater 373
13.7 Future Perspectives 379
13.8 Conclusions 381
References 382
14 Erratum to: Process Intensification: Definition and Application to Membrane Processes 388
Erratum to:& #6
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 19.9.2017 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology | Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology |
| Zusatzinfo | XI, 380 p. 115 illus., 64 illus. in color. |
| Verlagsort | Singapore |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik | |
| Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie | |
| Schlagworte | Agrofood • Desalination • Industrial wastewater • Inorganic membranes • Membrane bioreactor • Membrane Processes • Polymeric Membranes • Reverse OSmosis • sustainability • Water and wastewater treatment • water industry and water technology • Water Quality and Water Pollution • Zero liquid discharge |
| ISBN-10 | 981-10-5623-4 / 9811056234 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-981-10-5623-9 / 9789811056239 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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