China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2017 Proceedings: Volume I (eBook)

Jiadong Sun, Jingnan Liu, Yuanxi Yang, Shiwei Fan, Wenxian Yu (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1st ed. 2017
XXII, 1019 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-10-4588-2 (ISBN)

Infos

These proceedings present selected research papers from CSNC2017,  held during 23th-25th May in Shanghai, China. The theme of CSNC2017 is Positioning, Connecting All. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 12 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2017, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Editorial Board 8
Scientific Committee and Organizing Committee 11
Scientific Committee 11
Organizing Committee 12
Contents 14
Satellite Navigation Technology 22
1 Theoretical Study for Bare Soil Freeze/Thaw Process Detection Using GNSS-R/MR 23
Abstract 23
1 Introduction 24
2 Theoretical Models 25
2.1 Dielectric Permittivity Models 25
2.2 Surface Reflectivity Models 25
2.3 The Forward GPS Multipath Model 26
2.4 The Fully Polarimetric Delay Doppler Map for Freeze/Thaw Soil 26
3 Theoretical Simulations 27
3.1 Permittivity for Frozen and Thawn Soil 27
3.2 Surface Reflectivity Simulations 28
3.3 Delay Doppler Map Difference 29
4 Conclusions 31
Acknowledgements 31
References 31
2 The Application of BDS/GPS/GLONASS Data Fusion in FAST Measurement 33
Abstract 33
1 Introduction 33
2 The RTK Measurement of FAST Feed Support Coarse-Adjusting System 35
2.1 Technical Specifications and Requirements 35
2.2 RTK Measurement 36
2.3 Position and Attitude Solution 37
3 The Importance of BDS/GPS/GLONASS Data Fusion 37
4 Analysis of RTK Measurement Accuracy 40
5 Summary and Conclusions 42
Acknowledgements 42
References 42
3 Research on BDS/GPS Combined Single-Epoch Attitude Determination Performance 43
Abstract 43
1 Instruction 44
2 Mathematic Model of BDS/GPS Combined Single-Epoch Attitude Determination 44
2.1 Unification of BDS/GPS Combined Space-Time Reference 44
2.2 Construction of BDS/GPS Combined Observation Equation 45
2.3 Calculation of BDS/GPS Combined Attitude Parameter 46
3 Experiment and Analysis 47
3.1 Static Experiment 47
3.2 Dynamic Experiment 49
4 Conclusions 50
References 51
4 Calculating High Frequency Earth Rotation Parameters Using GPS Observations and Precision Analysis 52
Abstract 52
1 Introduction 53
2 The Principle of GPS Calculation ERP 53
3 Data Processing and Analysis 56
3.1 Choose Most Appropriate Station Numbers 56
3.2 Estimate ERP with a Frequency of 24 h 57
3.3 Estimate ERP with a Frequency of 2 h 59
4 Conclusion 61
References 62
5 A Comparative Analysis of Relative Positioning Methods for BDS/GPS in Three Different Fields of Combination 63
Abstract 63
1 Introduction 63
2 BDS/GPS Combined Relative Positioning Function Model 64
2.1 GNSS Relative Positioning Function Model 64
2.2 BDS/GPS Combined in Coordinate Estimates Field Relative Positioning Function Model 66
2.3 BDS/GPS Combined in Normal Equation Field Relative Positioning Function Model 66
2.4 BDS/GPS Combined in Observation Equation Field Relative Positioning Function Model 67
3 Analysis of BDS/GPS Combined in Different Fields Relative Positioning 69
3.1 Analysis of Single Epoch Solving 69
3.2 Analysis of Static Sequential Least Squares Solving 69
3.3 Analysis of Dynamic Sequential Least Squares Solving 70
4 Exemplification 72
4.1 Single Epoch Solving 74
4.1.1 Static Sequential Least Squares Solving 74
4.2 Analysis of Dynamic Sequential Least Squares Solving 74
5 Conclusion 74
Acknowledgements 75
References 75
6 Deformation Monitoring and Precision Analysis Based on BDS/GPS Dual System Combination 76
Abstract 76
1 Introduction 77
1.1 BDS and GPS Space and Time Datum Unification 77
1.1.1 Space Datum Unification 77
1.1.2 Time Datum Unification 78
1.1.3 Differences in Satellite Broadcasting Position Calculation 78
1.2 Combined Positioning Model and Smoothing Filtering 79
1.2.1 Relative Positioning Model of Dual System Combination 79
1.2.2 Smoothing Filter for Deformation Monitoring Sequence 80
1.3 Data Processing and Results Analysis 81
1.3.1 Data Quality Analysis 81
1.3.2 Positioning Accuracy Analysis 84
1.3.3 Smoothing Filter for Monitoring Sequence 85
1.3.4 Analysis of Station Drift Velocity 86
1.4 Conclusions 87
Acknowledgements 87
References 87
7 The Research on Nonlinear Attitude Determination Method of GNSS Multi-antenna Attitude Measurement 89
Abstract 89
1 Introduction 90
2 Direct Solution 90
3 Nonlinear Least Squares Method 91
3.1 Least Squares Based on Additive Euler Angle Error 91
3.2 Least Squares Based on Additive Quaternion Error 92
3.3 Least Squares Based on Multiplicative Euler Angle Error 93
3.4 Least Squares Based on Multiplicative Quaternion e Error 94
4 Experiment and Analysis 95
5 Conclusions 98
Acknowledgements 98
References 99
8 Estimation and Evaluation of the Precipitable Water Vapor from GNSS PPP in Asia Region 100
Abstract 100
1 Introduction 101
2 Estimation of ZWD and PWV 102
3 Experiment and Analysis 104
3.1 Experimental Data and Processing Strategies 104
3.2 ZWD Comparisons Between PPP and GGOS 104
3.3 Validations with Radiosondes 105
4 Conclusions 108
Acknowledgements 109
References 109
9 Correlation Analysis Among GPS-SNR, Precipitation and GPS-PWV 111
Abstract 111
1 Introduction 112
2 Technical Methods 112
2.1 Inversion Principle of Foundation GPS-PWV 113
2.2 Power Spectrum Analysis Based on GPS-SNR Observations 113
3 Data Processing and Analysis 114
3.1 Relationship Between Precipitation and GPS-PWV 115
3.2 Changes Research of Precipitation and GPS-SNR 116
3.3 Study on the Changes of GPS-PWV, Precipitation and GPS-SNR 117
4 Conclusions 119
Acknowledgements 119
References 119
10 The Determination of Plumb-Line Deviation by Adopting GNSS/ Leveling Method in Super Long Tunnel Break-Through Measurement 121
Abstract 121
1 Introduction 122
2 The Calculation Method of Plumb-Line Deviation 123
2.1 GNSS/Leveling Method 123
2.2 Earth Gravity Model Method 124
3 Influence of the Plumb-Line Deviation on BE 125
3.1 Influence of the Plumb-Line Deviation at the Two Entrances of the Tunnel 126
3.2 Influence of the Plumb-Line Deviation in the Inclined Shaft 127
3.3 The Total Influence Value of Plumb-Line Deviation on BE 128
4 Example and Analyses 129
4.1 Project Overview 129
4.1.1 Calculation Result 129
5 Conclusions and Discussion 137
Acknowledgements 138
References 138
11 BDS/GPS High Precision Railway Deformation Monitoring Software Design and Verification 140
Abstract 140
1 Introduction 140
2 Data Processing Algorithms 141
2.1 Unity of Time and Coordinate Reference Frame 141
2.2 Data Processing Strategy 142
2.3 Data Processing Flow 143
3 Railway Subsidence Simulation Experiment and Analysis 143
3.1 Experimental Design 143
3.2 Time Sequence of Coordinate Difference of Displacement Platform 146
3.3 Monitoring Accuracy Analysis 147
4 Conclusions 149
References 149
12 Application Performance Analysis of Three GNSS Precise Positioning Technology in Landslide Monitoring 151
Abstract 151
1 Introduction 151
2 Mathematical Model 152
3 Exemplification 153
3.1 Accuracy Test of PPP Solution in Landslide Monitoring 153
3.2 The Accuracy Test of RTK Solution in Landslide Monitoring 156
3.3 The Accuracy Test of Baseline Positioning Technology in Landslide Monitoring 158
3.4 Experimental Test of Slow Change Mode Based on PPP and RTK Positioning Technology 159
4 Conclusions 160
Acknowledgements 161
References 161
13 GPS Signal to Noise Ratio Analysis and Using for Real-Time Tide Monitoring 163
Abstract 163
1 Introduction 163
2 Characteristic Analysis of GPS SNR 165
3 The Principle of GPS SNR for Tidal Level Monitoring 166
4 Application of SNR in Tide Level Monitoring 167
4.1 Selection of GPS Effective Satellites 168
4.2 GPS-MR Experimental Data Processing 168
4.3 Analysis of GPS-MR Experiment Results 171
5 Conclusion 172
Acknowledgements 172
References 173
14 Ship Detection and Data Processing by Using Shore-Based GNSS-R 174
Abstract 174
1 Introduction 175
2 Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering 175
2.1 Analysis of the Mirror Image Component Scattering 176
2.2 Analysis of Diffuse Scattering Component 176
2.3 Two-Scale Scattering Model 177
3 Analysis of the Reflected Signal Characteristic 178
3.1 Reflection Coefficient 178
3.2 Analysis of the Scattering Signal Power 179
4 Data Processing 182
4.1 Experimental Scene 182
4.2 Data Processing 182
5 Conclusion 184
References 185
15 Characteristic of GPS SNR and It’s Application for Snow Depth Monitoring Analysis 186
Abstract 186
1 Introduction 187
2 Theory and Methods 188
2.1 Characteristics Analysis of SNR 188
2.2 Algorithm and Theory 189
2.3 SNR Analysis of L1C/A and L2P 191
3 Analysis of Examples 192
4 Conclusion 194
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
16 A Fast Algorithm of GNSS-R Signal Processing Based on DBZP 197
Abstract 197
1 Introduction 197
2 Traditional GNSS-R Signal Processing Algorithm 198
2.1 GNSS-R Signal Model 198
2.2 Parallel Code Phase Coherent Integration Method 199
3 A Fast Algorithm of GNSS-R Signal Processing Based on DBZP 200
3.1 Description of the Algorithm 200
3.2 Computational Burden Analysis 201
3.3 Computational Loss Analysis 202
4 Simulation and Verification 203
4.1 Simulation Parameters 203
4.2 Simulation Results 204
4.2.1 Time-Consuming 204
4.2.2 Computational Loss 204
5 Conclusion 206
References 206
17 Model Establishment and Analysis of Weighted Mean Temperature in the Region of Guilin 208
Abstract 208
1 Introduction 209
2 Affiliating Scale Average Temperature 210
3 Existing Local Tm Model 212
4 Establishment and Comparative Analysis of the Weighted Mean Temperature Model in Guilin Area 212
5 Conclusion 215
Acknowledgements 215
References 216
18 GNSS-R Ocean Altitude Detection Technology Based on Carrier Phase Assistant 217
Abstract 217
1 Introduction 218
2 Principles of GNSS-R Ocean Detection Technology 219
2.1 Inversion of Sea Surface Height 219
2.2 Inverse Principle of GNSS—R Sea Level Based on Carrier Phase 220
3 Experimental Verification 222
3.1 Floor-Based Test Validation 222
3.2 Flight Test Validation 224
4 Summary 225
References 226
19 Characteristics of Coordinate Time Series of Shenzhen Continuously Operating Reference Stations 227
Abstract 227
1 Introduction 227
2 Coordinate Calculation 228
3 Principal Component Analysis 229
4 Surface Mass Load Correction 231
5 Determination of the Optimal Noise Model 233
6 Analysis of Velocity and Its Uncertainty 234
7 Conclusions 238
Acknowledgements 238
References 238
20 Voxel Nodes Model Parameterization for GPS Water Vapor Tomography 240
Abstract 240
1 Introduction 241
2 Voxel Nodes Model Parameterization for GPS Tomography 241
3 GPS Tomography Results 244
3.1 Tomography Strategy 244
3.2 Analysis of Total Statistics 245
4 Conclusion and Outlook 248
References 249
21 The Spatial Deformation Characteristic Analysis of CORS Stations: A Case Study of Tianjin CORS 250
Abstract 250
1 Background 250
2 The Models and Methods for the CORS Spatial Deformation Characteristic Analysis 251
2.1 General Methodology 251
2.2 The Filtering for the CORS Time Serials Analysis 252
2.3 The Trend and Detail Analysis of CORS Stations 254
3 Tianjin CORS Case Study 255
3.1 The Reference Point Affirmation for Tianjin CORS Deformation Analysis 255
3.2 Time Serials Denoising and Fitting Analysis 255
3.3 The Spatial Deformation Characteristic Results 256
4 Conclusion 259
Acknowledgements 259
References 260
22 Wide Area Beidou Foundation Enhanced Grid Space-Time Interlinked Science and Education Collaborative Experimental Service 261
Abstract 261
1 Introduction 262
2 Wide-Area Beidou Reinforcement Grid-Based Space-Time Collaborative Experiment Service 263
2.1 Service Platform Design Principles 263
2.2 Service Platform Design 263
2.3 Platform of Science and Education Cooperative Experiment Construction 264
3 Key Technologies 265
3.1 Virtual Grid Pseudo-range Differential Localization Strategy 265
3.2 Low-Cost Integrated Navigation Terminal Board 267
3.3 High Concurrency, Large Data Storage, Processing and Application Access 267
4 Wide Domain Beidou Enhanced Grid-Based Space-Time Science and Technology Co-experimental Service Applications 268
4.1 Teaching Experiment: Internet of Things 268
4.2 Scientific Research Experiment: Study on Public Traffic Signal Priority 269
5 Conclusion 270
Acknowledgements 270
References 270
23 Single-Antenna Attitude Determination Using GNSS for Low-Dynamic Carrier 272
Abstract 272
1 Introduction 273
2 Single-Antenna Attitude Determination for Low-Dynamic Carriers 273
2.1 Pseudo-attitude Determination Method 273
2.2 Deviations from the Pseudo-attitude Angles to the Real Attitude Angles 274
2.2.1 Measurement Error 274
2.2.2 Offset Error 274
2.2.3 Lateral Error 275
2.3 Single-Antenna Attitude Determination for Low-Dynamic Carriers 276
3 Experiments 276
4 Conclusions 280
Acknowledgements 280
References 280
24 Differenced Measurements Between Satellites Applied on RTK PPP for Structure Monitoring 281
Abstract 281
1 Introduction 281
2 Methodology 282
2.1 Linear Combined Ionosphere-Free Equation 282
2.2 Kalman Filter for the Satellite Difference RTK PPP 283
3 Experiment–Severn Suspension Bridge, UK 284
4 Results 285
5 Conclusion 287
Acknowledgements 288
References 288
25 Research on Retrieval of PWV Based on PPP and NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis 1 Data 289
Abstract 289
1 Introduction 290
2 Meteorological Data Interpolation Method 291
2.1 Requirement of Meteorological Data in the Retrieval of PWV 291
2.2 Method of Meteorology Data Interpolation 291
2.2.1 Surface Interpolation Method (SIM) 291
2.2.2 Layer Interpolation Method (LIM) 292
3 PPP PWV Estimation and Analysis of the Results 293
3.1 Selected GPS Stations 293
3.2 Accuracy Evaluation of Interpolated Meteorological Data 294
3.3 Accuracy Evaluation of PPP PWV 294
4 Conclusions and Suggestions 298
Acknowledgements 298
References 299
26 Determining the Reasonable Time Resolution of the Precise Satellite Clock Bias Products 300
Abstract 300
1 Introduction 300
2 Analytical Method for Precise Clock Bias Time Series 301
2.1 Interval Fitting 301
2.2 Lomb–Scargle Spectrum Analysis 302
2.3 Non-negative Matrix Factorization Algorithm 303
3 Determining the Time Resolution of the Precise Clock Bias 304
3.1 Probability Statistics for the Epoch-Differenced Clock Bias 304
3.2 Analyzing the Interval Fitting Errors of the Clock Bias 305
3.3 Spectrum Analysis of the Clock Bias 307
3.4 Non-negative Matrix Factorization of the Clock Bias 310
4 Conclusions 311
Acknowledgements 311
References 312
Navigation and Location Service 313
27 Pseudolite Cellular Network in Urban and Its High Precision Positioning Technology 314
Abstract 314
1 Introduction 315
2 GNSS Pseudolites Positioning Network in Urban 315
2.1 Composition of Pseudolites Positioning Network 315
2.2 Compatible Signal of Pseudolites Network 316
3 Time Synchronization Based on Signal Propagation 316
4 The Optimal Network Topology and Geometry Factor 317
4.1 Network Topology of Pseudolites 317
4.2 Geometric Precision Dilution of Optimal Network Topology 318
4.3 High Precision Positioning of Pseudolite Cellular Networks 319
5 Positioning Accuracy Testing of Pseudolite Cellular Network 321
5.1 Positioning Accuracy Testbed of Pseudolites 321
5.2 Positioning Result of Pseudolites Cellular Networks 322
6 Conclusion 324
References 325
28 Performance Analysis for AP Selection Strategy 326
Abstract 326
1 Introduction 327
2 AP Selection Strategies 327
2.1 AP Selection Based on the JIG Maximization 328
2.2 AP Selection Based on the MI Minimization 328
2.3 AP Selection Based on the MM 328
2.4 Performance Evaluation Index 328
3 Experiments and Analysis 329
3.1 Analysis on Number of RSS Observations 329
3.2 Analysis on Number of Subset of Optimal APs 332
3.3 Effect of Difference AP Selection Strategies 333
4 Conclusions 334
Acknowledgements 334
References 334
29 Definition of Conversion and Allocation Model for GNSS Index Basing Navigation Performances 335
Abstract 335
1 Introduction 335
2 Conversion and Distribution Model of Navigation Performances Index 336
2.1 Conversion Model of Positioning Accuracy Index 337
2.2 Conversion Model of Integrity Index 338
2.3 Conversion Model of Continuity Index 339
2.4 Conversion Model of Usability Index 340
3 Calculation Example Analysis of Navigation Performance Index Conversion 340
4 Conclusion and Application 344
References 344
30 Analysis of GPS for Monitoring Rain and Snow Weather 346
Abstract 346
1 Introduction 347
2 Theory System of GPS for Rain and Snow Weather Monitoring 348
2.1 Principle of GPS/PWV Detection 348
2.2 Principle of GPS-MR Technology 349
3 Analysis of Examples 351
3.1 Data Source 351
3.2 Sample Results 351
4 Conclusion 353
Acknowledgements 354
References 354
31 Evolutionary Particle Filter for Indoor Navigation and Location 355
Abstract 355
1 Introduction 356
2 Extended Kalman Filter 357
3 Particle Filter 358
4 A Direction Error Elimination Algorithm Based on Map Information 359
5 Experimental Results 360
5.1 Particle Weight Experiment 361
5.2 Walking Experiment 361
6 Conclusion 363
References 363
32 An Indoor Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm Based on Attitude Identification and Visible Light Propagation Model 364
Abstract 364
1 Introduction 365
2 Related Work 366
3 Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm 367
3.1 Symbol Description 367
3.2 Position Model 367
3.3 Achieving the Normal Vector of Photosurface of Receiver 369
3.4 Distinguishing Different LED Lamp by FFT 371
4 Simulation Experiment and Performance Analysis 371
4.1 Simulation Environment 371
4.2 Location Performance 373
4.2.1 Positioning Performance Under Multiple LED Single Observation 373
4.2.2 Positioning Performance Under Single LED Condition 373
4.2.3 Positioning Performance Under Multiple LEDs and Multiple Rotation 374
4.2.4 Complexity 376
5 Conclusion 376
Acknowledgements 376
References 377
33 An Indoor Positioning and Navigation Technique Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprint and Environment Information 378
Abstract 378
1 Introduction 379
2 Methodology 380
2.1 Radio Path Loss Mode 380
2.2 Fingerprint Technique 380
2.3 K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm 381
2.4 Particle Filter (PF) 381
2.4.1 System Model 382
2.4.2 Measurement Update 383
2.5 Dijkstra Algorithm 383
3 Experiment and Analysis 384
4 Summary and Discussion 387
Acknowledgements 389
References 389
34 Identification of LBS Deception for Smart Phone Based on the Speed Consistency 391
Abstract 391
1 Introduction 391
2 The State-of-Art, Countermeasures and Challenges of LBS Deception of Smart Phone 392
2.1 The State-of-Art and the Countermeasures of LBS Deception 392
2.2 Challenges 392
3 LBS Deception Identification Based on the Velocity Peak Interval Distribution and the K-S Test 393
4 Experimental Verification 395
4.1 Identification Without LBS Deception 396
4.2 Identification with LBS Deception 397
5 Conclusion 399
References 400
35 iBeacon/WiFi Signal Characteristics Analysis for Indoor Positioning Using Mobile Phone 401
Abstract 401
1 Introduction 401
2 Fingerprint-Based Positioning Principle 403
2.1 Propagation Model 403
2.2 Probabilistic Method for Positioning 404
3 RSS Noise Characteristics of iBeacon and WiFi Signals 405
3.1 Sampling Rate 405
3.2 RSS Tendency and Deviation 406
4 Positioning Performance Evaluation 410
5 Conclusions 411
Acknowledgements 411
References 411
36 Research on Signal Design Method of Pseudolite “Near-Far Effect” Based on TDMA Technique 413
Abstract 413
1 Introduction 414
2 Overview of the Near-Far Effect 414
3 Signal Structure Design Based on TDMA 415
4 Simulation Analysis 417
4.1 Acquisition Method 417
4.2 Tracking Method 418
4.3 Simulation Parameters 418
4.4 Acquisition Simulation Examples 418
4.5 Tracking Simulation Examples 421
5 Conclusion 424
References 424
37 Precision Analysis of CNAV Broadcast Ephemeris and Its Impact on the User Positioning 426
Abstract 426
1 Introduction 427
2 Analysis Strategy of CNAV Broadcast Ephemeris Error 427
2.1 CNAV Parameters 427
2.2 Algorithm of Satellite Orbits and Clocks Calculation 428
2.3 Evaluation Methods 428
3 Analysis of CNAV Broadcast Ephemeris Error 429
3.1 Analysis Precision of Orbit Errors 430
3.2 Analysis Precision of Clock Bias 431
3.3 SISRE Analysis 432
4 Performance of CNAV Broadcast Ephemeris on User Positioning 433
5 Conclusions 434
Acknowledgements 435
References 435
38 Research on Path Loss and Multipath Propagation of Indoor Pseudolite Signal 436
Abstract 436
1 The Introduction 436
2 Analysis of Indoor Pseudolite Signal Propagation Effect 437
2.1 Indoor Pseudolite Signal Propagation Characteristics 437
2.2 Indoor Pseudolite Channel Modelling 438
3 Simulation Analysis of Indoor Pseudolite Signal Propagation Effects 438
3.1 Pseudolite Signal Propagation Simulation of the General Environment 438
3.2 Pseudolite Signal Propagation Simulation Barrier Environment 439
4 Related Experiments and Analysis 440
4.1 Test on Pseudolite Signal Power Attenuation Model 440
4.1.1 General Environment Experiment 440
4.1.2 Obstacle Environment Experiment 443
4.2 Pseudo Satellite Signal Multipath Transmission Test 444
5 Conclusion 445
References 445
39 The GNSS/Inertial Navigation Based Private Car Incentive Travel Information Platform 447
Abstract 447
1 Project Background 447
2 Project Design 448
3 Project System Architecture 449
3.1 Car Terminal 450
3.2 Data Center 450
3.3 Management Platform 450
4 System Working Process 451
5 System Experimental Data Analysis 453
5.1 Traffic Comprehensive Index Model 453
5.2 Construction of Experimental Environment 455
6 Conclusion 457
Acknowledgements 457
References 457
40 Research on the Next Generation of Emergency Positioning Signal Design and Ground Stations Receive Processing Based on GNSS 458
Abstract 458
1 Introduction 459
2 Main Features and Optimal Design of Emergency Location Signals 460
3 Ground Receiving Combine Processing Scheme and Performance Evaluation 462
4 Conclusion 464
References 465
41 Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning of Rotor UAV 466
Abstract 466
1 Introduction 466
2 Related Research 467
2.1 The Principle of Artificial Potential Field Method 467
2.2 The Principle of Genetic Algorithm 468
3 Modeling of Path Planning 469
3.1 Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Model for Single Obstacle 469
3.2 Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Model with Multiple Obstacles 470
3.3 Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Model 471
4 Simulation 472
4.1 Simulation of Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for Single Obstacle 472
4.2 Multi Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning Simulation 473
4.3 Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning and Simulation 474
5 Conclusion 475
References 476
42 Orbit Analysis for Tiangong-2 Space Lab Under Different Perturbation Forces 477
Abstract 477
1 Introduction 478
2 Perturbation Force Analysis for Tiangong-2 478
3 The Sensitive of the Earth Non-spherical Gravity 480
4 Atmospheric Drag Influence on Tiangong-2 481
5 Conclusions 485
Acknowledgements 486
References 486
43 Research on Topological Map Building Based on Crowdsourcing Data 487
Abstract 487
1 Introduction 487
2 Topological Map Building System Design 489
2.1 Topological Map Structure 489
2.2 Architecture of Topological Map Building System 490
3 Topological Map Building Algorithm 492
3.1 Path Data Partition Algorithm 492
3.2 Road Segment Matching Algorithm 493
3.3 Splicing, Updating and Coordinate Generation 497
4 Tests and Analysis 498
4.1 Road Segment Partition Results 498
4.2 Road Segment Matching Results 500
4.3 Topological Map Generation Result 501
5 Conclusions 503
References 503
Test and Assessment Technology 505
44 High Precision Broadband Direct-Spread Signal Delay Control Based on Phase Controlled Waveform Hermite Interpolation 506
Abstract 506
1 Introduction 506
2 Principle of Controlling Broadband Signal Delay Directly by NCO Phase 507
3 Definition of the Finite State of the Baseband Signal Waveform 509
4 The Implementation of Delay Control Phase Controlled Hermite Waveform Interpolation 511
4.1 The Implementation Structure 511
4.2 Analyze of Hardware Resource Consumption 513
5 Testing Results 513
6 Conclusions 514
Acknowledgements 515
References 515
45 The Evaluation of Improvement of GPS Performance Combined with Quasi-Zenith Satellite System in Japan Area 516
Abstract 516
1 Introduction 517
2 The Overview of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System 517
3 The Improvement of GPS Aided with QZSS in the Aspect of Constellation Structure 519
4 The Improvement of GPS Aided with QZSS in the Aspect of Positioning Performance 520
5 Conclusion 522
References 523
46 Study on Test Consistency Which Based on the Record and Playback Instrument 524
Abstract 524
1 Introduction 524
2 Record, Playback and Calibration System 525
2.1 Record and Playback Instrument 526
2.2 Dynamic Scene Calibration System 527
3 Research on Consistency of Playback Test 527
3.1 Repeatability 528
3.2 Stability 533
4 Summary 535
5 Prospect 536
References 536
47 Multipath Effect Analysis of Beidou Satellite Pseudorange and Its Correction 537
Abstract 537
1 Introduction 537
2 Multipath Effect Analysis 538
2.1 The Relationship Between Multipath Effect and Signal to Noise Ratio 539
2.2 Relationship Between Multipath Error and Elevation Angle 540
2.3 Correlation Analysis of Multipath Error and Elevation Angle 540
3 Polynomial Fitting Method to Correct Multipath Error 541
3.1 Model Building 541
3.2 Experiment and Analysis 542
4 Wavelet Transform to Correct Multipath Error 544
4.1 Fundamentals 544
4.2 Experiment and Analysis 545
5 Conclusion 547
Acknowledgements 548
References 548
48 The Research on Time Series Modeling of ARMA and Medium/Long-Term Forecasting Method Using Global Ionospheric Harmonic Coefficient 550
Abstract 550
1 Introduction 551
2 ARMA Modeling and Forecasting 552
2.1 Modeling Method of ARMA 552
2.2 The Forecasting Method of ARMA 553
2.3 The Statistical Methods of Forecasting Results 553
3 Examples of Analysis 554
3.1 Modeling and Fitting Statistics 554
3.2 Statistic Forecasting Results 558
4 Conclusion 564
Acknowledgements 564
References 564
49 Comparison and Evaluation of Satellite Performance Based on Different Clock Products 566
Abstract 566
1 Introduction 566
2 Performance Evaluation of Satellite Clock 567
2.1 Frequency Accuracy 567
2.2 Frequency Drift Rate 568
2.3 Frequency Stability 568
3 Data Processing Analysis and Evaluation 569
3.1 Performance Analysis and Comparison of Different Clock Difference Products 569
3.1.1 Accuracy Analysis and Comparison 569
3.1.2 Drift Rate Analysis and Comparison 569
3.1.3 Stability Analysis and Comparison 570
3.2 WUM Precise Clock Difference Evaluation of Satellite Clock Performance 571
3.2.1 Accuracy Assessment 572
3.2.2 Drift Rate Assessment 573
3.2.3 Stability Assessment 574
3.2.4 Performance Analysis of Satellite Atomic Clock 575
3.2.5 Comprehensive Analysis of GNSS Performance Evaluation 577
4 Conclusion 578
Acknowledgements 578
References 578
50 Research on Monitoring and Evaluating Method of Beidou Monitoring Receiver Inter-frequency Bias 580
Abstract 580
1 Introduction 580
2 Mathematical Models 582
3 Data Processing 584
4 Conclusions and Discussion 587
References 587
51 BDS Multipath Real-Time Estimation Based on Generalized Regression Neural Network 588
Abstract 588
1 Introduction 588
2 Mathematical Model 589
2.1 The Measurement of Multipath 589
2.2 Generalized Regression Neural Network Model 590
3 Experiments and Results Analysis 591
3.1 BDS Multipath Characteristics Analysis 592
3.2 Analyze the Influence of Code Variations on Multipath 593
3.3 Multipath Real Time Estimation Based on GRNN 595
4 Conclusion 596
Acknowledgements 596
References 597
52 Ephemeris Type B Fault Detection for BDS 598
Abstract 598
1 Introduction 598
2 Protection Levels and Minimum Detectable Error 599
3 YE-TE Is not Suitable for BDS 600
4 Detection of BDS Ephemeris Type B Fault 602
5 Experimental Verification 605
6 Conclusions 606
References 606
53 Radiation Pattern Measurement for Earth Station Antenna Based on UAV 607
Abstract 607
1 Introduction 608
2 Measurement Method 608
2.1 The RTK Positioning Based on TDOA 609
2.2 Curve Fitting 609
3 Error Analysis and Simulation Results 611
3.1 Positioning Error 611
3.2 Pattern Measurement Error 613
4 Conclusion 614
References 615
54 Research on Performance Evaluation of Beidou Be Enhanced by Pseudolites 616
Abstract 616
1 Introduction 616
2 Beidou Ground Based Pseudolite Network 617
2.1 System Composition 617
2.2 Main Functions 617
2.3 Operation Mode 618
3 Principle and Key Technology 618
3.1 Positioning and Timing Model 618
3.1.1 Positioning Algorithm 618
3.1.2 Timing Algorithm 620
3.2 Establishment of Relative Coordinate System 620
3.3 Time Synchronization Technology 621
4 Experiment and Result Analysis 621
4.1 Experimental Environment and Equipment 621
4.2 Pseudolite Timing Test 622
4.3 Static Positioning Experiment 623
4.4 Dynamic Positioning Experiment 624
5 Conclusion 629
References 629
55 Civil Avionic EMI Surrounding Impact Assessment and Testing on the Performance of Beidou B1I Signal 631
Abstract 631
1 Introduction 631
2 Electromagnetic Environment of Civil Aviation 632
2.1 The Main Source of Electromagnetic Interference 632
2.2 The Main Type of Electromagnetic Interference 632
3 Theoretical Analysis of Interference Effects 633
3.1 Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/No) Without Interference 633
3.2 Carrier to Noise Ratio ([C/No]eq) with Interference 633
3.3 Effect of Interference Signal on Pseudo Range Tracking Error 634
4 The Definition of Airborne Electromagnetic Interference Environment for Beidou B1I Receiver 634
4.1 The Criterion of Airborne Electromagnetic Interference Tolerance Definition 635
4.2 Tolerance of Continuous Wave Interference 635
4.3 Tolerance of Band-Limited Noise-Like Interference 635
4.4 Tolerance of Pulse Modulation Interference 637
5 Pseudo Range Tracking Accuracy Testing of Receiver in Jamming Environment 637
5.1 Testing Purpose 637
5.2 Testing Introduction 638
5.3 Test Results Analysis 639
6 Conclusion 642
References 643
56 Research on Design and Implementation of the Test Support System Architecture for GNSS Ground Control Segment 644
Abstract 644
1 Introduction 644
2 Current Status of Satellite Navigation System Test Techniques 645
3 Demand Analysis for GNSS Ground Control Segment Test 646
3.1 Test Demand Analysis of Integrated Test Phase 646
3.2 Test Demand Analysis of System Evaluation Phase 647
3.3 Test Demand Analysis of Operation Maintenance Phase 647
3.3.1 Business Troubleshooting Verification Test Requirements 647
3.3.2 System Performance Real-Time Monitoring Requirements 647
4 Test Support System Design of Ground Control Segment 647
4.1 Test Support System Architecture Design 647
4.2 Test Coverage Analysis of Test Support System Architecture 648
5 Implementation of Ground Control Segment Test Support System Architecture 649
5.1 Signal Transceiver Link Test Support 649
5.2 Interface Test Support 650
5.3 System Business Test Support 650
5.4 Large-Diameter Parabolic Antenna Test Support 651
5.5 Monitoring Receiver Test Support 651
5.6 Test Support System Design of Test and Evaluation Phase 653
5.7 Features of Testing Support System Architecture 653
6 Concluding Remarks 654
References 654
57 Analysis of Signal Quality and Navigation Performance for Beidou System 655
Abstract 655
1 Introduction 656
2 Data 657
3 Signal Quality Analysis for Beidou System 657
3.1 The Indicator of Signal-to-Noise Ratio 657
3.2 The Indicator of Pseudo-range Multipath Error 658
3.3 Experimental Analysis for Beidou Signal Quality 659
3.3.1 Comparison of SNR and Pseudo-rang Multipath in Different Systems 659
3.3.2 Comparison of SNR and Pseudo-range Multipath with Different Frequencies for BDS 661
4 Navigation Performance Evaluation for Beidou System 663
4.1 Pseudo-range Standard Point Positioning 663
4.2 Accuracy Evaluation for Standard Point Positioning 663
5 Conclusions 664
Acknowledgements 665
References 665
58 Influence of Space Environment on the Beidou Satellite and Its Countermeasures 666
Abstract 666
1 Introduction 666
2 Typical Space Radiation Effects and Hazards 667
2.1 Ionization Total Dose Effect 667
2.2 Displacement Effect 667
2.3 Single Event Effect 668
2.4 Surface Charge and Discharge Effect 668
2.5 Charged Effect in Spacecraft 668
2.6 Atmospheric Drag Effect 669
2.7 Ionospheric Disturbance Effect 669
3 Statistics and Analysis of Beidou Satellite Fault 670
3.1 Fault Statistics 670
3.2 Fault Analysis 670
4 Analysis of Abnormality and Spatial Environment 672
4.1 Space Environment 672
4.2 Satellite Anomaly 673
4.3 Correlation Analysis 673
5 Countermeasure of Satellite Abnormity Caused by Space Radiation Environment 676
5.1 The Prediction of Satellite Anomaly Based on Spatial Environment Data Is Made 676
5.2 Ground Disposal According to the Predicted Results 678
6 Verification 681
7 Conclusion 682
References 683
59 VPL Optimization Method with Multi-objective Program 684
Abstract 684
1 Introduction 685
2 Basic Theory of ARAIM 685
3 LPV-200 Service and ARAIM Algorithm 686
4 Optimization Algorithm 687
5 Application of Optimization Method 690
6 Conclusion 694
Acknowledgements 694
References 694
60 Multi-station Combined Evaluation Method for Navigation Signal Tracking Error Based on Optimization Weight 696
Abstract 696
1 Introduction 697
2 The Traditional Method 698
3 The Proposed Method 700
4 Experiment and Analysis 702
4.1 The Correctness Analysis of Proposed Method 702
4.2 Anti-interference Analysis of Proposed Method 702
5 Conclusion 704
Acknowledgements 704
References 705
61 Test and Evaluation on Timing Performance of BeiDou IGSO-6 Satellite 706
Abstract 706
1 Introduction 707
2 Basic Principle of Timing Performance Test and Evaluation 707
3 Evaluation Indexes and Their Calculation Methods 709
3.1 Evaluation Indexes 709
3.2 Calculation Methods 709
4 Timing Performance Evaluation Results 710
4.1 Single Satellite Timing Accuracy 710
4.1.1 B1 Timing Accuracy 710
4.1.2 B3 Timing Accuracy 711
4.1.3 B1 + B2 Timing Accuracy 711
4.1.4 B1 + B3 Timing Accuracy 713
4.1.5 Conclusion of Single Satellite Timing Performance 713
4.2 Multiple Satellites Timing Accuracy 713
4.2.1 B1 Timing Accuracy 713
4.2.2 B3 Timing Accuracy 717
4.2.3 B1 + B2 Timing Accuracy 718
4.2.4 B1 + B3 Timing Accuracy 718
4.2.5 Conclusion of Multiple Satellites Timing Performance 718
5 Conclusion 719
Acknowledgements 719
References 719
62 Research of Navigation Terminal Test Method Based on Real Playback Signal 721
Abstract 721
1 Introduction 721
2 Playback Test Platform 723
3 Test Scene Design 724
3.1 Definition of Scene Parameters 724
3.2 Markov Parameter Model Based on Mixed Gaussian 724
4 Typical Test Scenarios 726
4.1 Open-Space Scene 728
5 Conclusion 730
References 730
User Terminal Technology 732
63 Space-borne BDS and GPS Receiver of LING QIAO: Results over Two Years In-orbit Operation 733
Abstract 733
1 Introduction 733
2 Brief Overview of LING QIAO Missions 734
3 Design of the Navigation Subsystem of LING QIAO 736
4 In-orbit Performance of the Space-borne GNSS Receivers 737
4.1 Number of Tracked BDS and GPS Satellites 737
4.2 Comparison of Tracked Satellites on Earth and in Space 738
4.3 In-orbit Position and Velocity Results 739
5 Space Environmental Impact on GNSS Receivers 739
5.1 Receiver Status Under Temperature Variation 740
5.2 Influence from Space Radiations 740
6 Conclusion and Future Work 742
Acknowledgements 742
References 742
64 Modeling and Simulation of Receiver-Spoofer Attacking Process in Tracking Stage 743
Abstract 743
1 Introduction 744
1.1 Vulnerability of GNSS 744
1.2 Receiver-Spoofer 744
2 Analysis of Spoofing Process 745
2.1 Model of Spoofing Signal 745
2.2 Modeling of Spoofing Process 746
2.3 Calculation of Vector {/usertwo (}{/varvec /tau}_{{/varvec S}} {/usertwo (}{{/varvec n}}{/usertwo ),}/,{/varvec /tau}_{{/varvec R}} {/usertwo (}{/varvec n}{/usertwo ))} 748
2.3.1 Discriminator Spacing Less or Equal than 0.5 Chips 749
2.3.2 Discriminator Spacing Larger than 0.5 Chips 751
2.4 Simulation of Spoofing Process 753
3 Experiment and Verification 754
4 Conclusions 755
Acknowledgements 755
References 755
65 Low Power Consumption Control Method for Navigation Receiver with Multi-stage Bandwidth 757
Abstract 757
1 Introduction 757
2 The Method of Receiver Power Consumption Saving 758
2.1 Basic Method of Power Consumption Control 758
2.2 Power Consumption Control Principle Analysis 759
3 The Method of Adjusting the Power of Consumption Multistage Bandwidth Control 760
3.1 Theoretical Analysis 761
3.2 The Shortest Search Time 764
4 Simulation Verification and Results 765
4.1 Analysis on Two Levels of Bandwidth 765
5 Conclusions 768
References 768
66 A Vector and Scalar Hybrid Tracking Loop for New Generation Composite GNSS Signal 770
Abstract 770
1 Introduction 770
2 Hybrid Structure of Vector and Scalar Tracking Loop 772
2.1 Dual Update-Rate Scalar Tracking Loop 772
2.2 Vector Frequency Lock Loop 775
2.3 Dual Update-Rate Hybrid Tracking Loop 777
3 Performance Analysis and Simulation 778
3.1 Tracking Performance Analysis 778
3.2 Simulation Results 780
3.2.1 Carrier Phase Tracking Accuracy 780
3.2.2 Signal Re-acquisition Performance 781
4 Conclusion 782
References 783
67 A Kinematic GNSS Positioning Method Based on Unscented Kalman Filter 785
Abstract 785
1 Introduction 785
2 The Principle of This Algorithm 786
3 Numerical Examples Validate This Algorithm 790
3.1 Numerical Examples Validate This Algorithm with Static Data 790
3.2 Numerical Examples Validate This Algorithm with Dynamic Data 792
3.3 Experiments Validate the Integrity of This Algorithm 795
4 Conclusions 795
Acknowledgements 796
References 797
68 Analysis of Cross-Correlation Peak Distortion Caused by Antenna Array Space-Time Adaptive Processing 798
Abstract 798
1 Introduction 798
2 Signal Model 799
3 Analysis of Cross-Correlation Peak Distortion 800
3.1 Analysis of Cross-Correlation Peak Distortion Under Space-Time PI Criterion 801
3.2 Analysis of Cross-Correlation Peak Distortion Under Space-Time MVDR Criterion 802
4 Simulation 803
5 Conclusion 806
Appendix A 806
References 807
69 Joint Implementation of Interference Suppression and Signal Acquisition for GNSS Antenna Array Receivers 809
Abstract 809
1 Introduction 809
2 Signal Model and Problem Statement 811
3 Proposed Technique 812
4 Experimental Results 814
4.1 Results in the Presence of a Single Satellite Signal 814
4.2 Results in the Presence of Multiple Satellite Signals 816
5 Conclusions 817
References 818
70 GNSS Spoofing Detection Based on Power Monitoring of Two-Antenna 819
Abstract 819
1 Introduction 819
2 Spoofing Detection Based on Power Measurements 821
2.1 Two-Antenna Power Correlation Coefficient 822
2.2 Two-Antenna Normalized Differential Power Ratio 823
3 Experiments 823
3.1 Configurations of Experiments 824
3.2 Experimental Results 824
3.2.1 Results of S1 825
3.2.2 Results of S2 825
4 Conclusions 827
Acknowledgements 828
References 828
71 Application Strategy and Receiver Verification for the New Generation of BeiDou Navigation Satellites 829
Abstract 829
1 Introduction 829
2 The State of BeiDou Satellites 830
3 Application Strategy for the New Generation of BeiDou Navigation Satellites 831
3.1 The Impact of the BDS-2 Satellites Failure 831
3.2 The Application Strategy for the New Launching Satellites 832
3.2.1 The Application Strategy for the New Generation of Satellites 832
3.2.2 The Application Strategy for the Backup Satellites of BDS-2 833
4 Receiver Verification 833
5 Conclusion 835
Acknowledgements 835
References 835
72 A Polarization Anti-jamming Algorithm Based on Space-Frequency Constraints 837
Abstract 837
1 Introduction 838
2 Polarization Anti-jamming 838
2.1 Signal Model for PSA 838
2.2 Polarization Anti-jamming Model 839
3 Polarization Anti-jamming Model Based on Space Frequency Constraints 840
4 Computer Simulations 841
5 Conclusions 844
References 844
73 Navigation Terminal Test Decision Scheme Design and Verification 845
Abstract 845
1 Introduction 845
2 Design of Test Batch Decision 845
2.1 Target Type and Attribute Value Normalization Mode 846
2.2 Decision—Making Process 846
3 Simulation Test Validation 849
4 Conclusions 851
References 851
74 Study on Identification Parameters and Updating Mechanism of Beidou Navigation Message 852
Abstract 852
1 Overview 853
2 Ephemeris and Clock Error Analysis of Other GNSSs Navigation Message 854
2.1 IOD Field of GPS Navigation Message 854
2.2 GLONASS Satellite Ephemeris Identify Parameter 855
2.3 Galileo Satellite Data Age 855
3 Analysis on Identity Parameter of Ephemeris and Clock Error of BDS Navigation Data 855
4 Construct BDS RTCM IOD Parameters Based on Toc 857
5 Relevant Test Verification 858
5.1 BDS IOD Test Verification Based on Toe 858
5.2 BDS Broadcast Ephemeris Update Monitoring After BDS-SIS-ICD2.1 Released 859
6 Conclusion 860
References 862
75 Research on Multipath Interference Suppression Algorithm Based on Blind Equalization 863
Abstract 863
1 Introduction 863
2 Multipath Interference Suppression Algorithm 864
2.1 Multipath Signal Model 864
2.2 The Influence of Multipath Interference for Tracking Loop 866
2.2.1 The Influence of Multipath Interference for Code Loop 866
2.2.2 The Influence of Multipath Interference on Carrier Loop 866
2.3 The Tracking Loop Based on Blind Equalizer 867
3 Simulation Experiment 869
4 Conclusion 871
References 871
76 A Fundamental Architecture of Anti-spoofing GNSS Receiver 873
Abstract 873
1 Introduction 873
2 Analysis of Spoofing Attack 875
2.1 Assumptions and Premises 875
2.2 Characteristics of Spoofing Signals 875
3 Multi-peak Acquisition 876
3.1 Recognition and Acquisition of Multi-peak Signal 876
3.2 Parameters and Performance 877
4 Multiple Tracking Strategy 878
4.1 Logic and Procedure of Tracking 878
4.2 Repeating Acquisition and Duplicate Signal Cancellation 879
5 Experimental Results 880
6 Conclusions 882
Acknowledgements 883
References 883
77 Performance Analysis on High Dynamic Signal Acquisition of INS-Aided BDS Receiver 884
Abstract 884
1 Introduction 884
2 Principle of Signal Acquisition with the Aid of INS 885
2.1 Serial Sliding Correlation Search Method 885
2.2 The Analysis of INS-Aided 887
3 Experimental Design 888
4 Experimental Result Analysis 891
5 Conclusion 894
References 894
78 The Real-Time Realization and Performance Analysis of BDS Vector Receiver 895
Abstract 895
1 Introduction 895
2 The Principle of the Vector Receiver 896
2.1 The Basic Principle 896
2.2 The Model Analysis 898
3 The Real-Time Realization of Vector Receiver 899
4 Performance Analysis 901
5 Conclusion 902
References 903
79 Parameters Design Method of Kalman Filter-Based Tracking Loop in GNSS/INS Deep Integration 904
Abstract 904
1 Introduction 905
2 Model of KF-Based Carrier Phase Tracking Loop 906
3 Parameters Design Method of KF-Based Carrier Phase Tracking Loop in Deep Integration Architecture 907
3.1 Sensor Errors of Gyroscope 908
3.2 White Noise of Accelerometer 909
3.3 Bias Instability of Accelerometer 910
4 Simulation Test Results 911
5 Conclusion 912
Acknowledgements 913
References 913
80 Optimal Carrier Tracking PLL in the Presence of Phase Noise in GNSS Receiver 915
Abstract 915
1 Introduction 915
2 Carrier Tracking Phase Lock Loop 916
2.1 Modeling of Phase Noise 916
2.1.1 Definition of Phase Noise 916
2.1.2 Description in Frequency Domain—Power Law Model 917
2.1.3 Description in Time Domain—Allan Deviation 918
2.2 Modeling of Phase Tracking Loop 918
3 Effects of Phase Noise on PLL 919
3.1 Theoretical Analysis 919
3.1.1 Transfer Function of Phase Lock Loop 919
3.1.2 Tracking Loop Error 920
3.2 Numerical Analysis 921
3.2.1 Loop Phase Jitter 921
3.2.2 Effect of Loop Parameters 921
4 Optimization of Phase Lock Loop 923
4.1 Loop Tracking Error in the Presence of Phase Noise and Thermal Noise 923
4.2 Optimal Loop Parameters 925
4.2.1 Optimal Loop Noise Bandwidth 925
4.2.2 Optimal Damping Factor 926
4.2.3 Optimal Coherent Integration Time 927
5 Conclusion 927
References 928
81 A GNSS Spoofing Detection Technique Based on Signal Spatial Correlation 929
Abstract 929
1 Introduction 929
2 Signal Receiving Model 930
3 Spoofing Detection Technique 934
4 Experimental Results 936
5 Conclusion 938
References 938
82 A Multi-mode Multi-channel C Band CAPS Terminal Transceiver Chip Design 940
Abstract 940
1 Issues Proposal 941
2 Implementation Scheme 942
2.1 Solutions [3] 942
2.2 Implementation Steps 945
3 Implementation Effect and Conclusions 946
References 952
83 Parameters Estimation Method for LFM Interference to GNSS Uplink Injection 953
Abstract 953
1 Introduction 953
2 Analysis About the Interference Signal Power from Radar to Uplink Injection 954
3 Method to Estimate the LFM Radar Signal Parameters 956
3.1 Parameter Estimation Method for Single LFM Signal 957
3.2 Parameter Estimation Method for Multiple LFM Signals 959
4 Simulation Experiment 960
4.1 Parameter Estimation Method for Single LFM Signal 960
4.2 Parameter Estimation Method for Multiple LFM Signals 961
5 Summary 962
References 962
84 Analysis of Threshold Setting for Eigenvalue Ratio Based Interference Detection Under Constant Missed Detection Probability 964
Abstract 964
1 Introduction 964
2 Eigenvalue Based Interference Detection 965
2.1 Signal Model 965
2.2 Probability Density Function Under H1 967
2.3 Threshold Setting Under Constant Missed Detection Probability 968
3 Simulation Results 970
4 Analysis of Detection Performance 971
5 Conclusion 974
References 974
85 Ranging Performance Analysis and Discriminator Parameters Optimization for Double Estimator Technology 975
Abstract 975
1 Introduction 976
2 DET and Couple Characteristic 977
2.1 DET Math Model 977
2.2 Couple Characteristic 977
3 Noise Performance Analysing Method 979
3.1 Analysing Method for Couple Discriminator 979
3.2 Key Part Calculation Method 980
4 Noise Performance Analysis and Parameter Optimization 981
4.1 Noise Performance Analysis 981
4.2 Parameters Optimization for BOCs Signal 983
5 Summary 984
References 985

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.5.2017
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XXII, 1019 p. 555 illus.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Fahrzeugbau / Schiffbau
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Luft- / Raumfahrttechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• Schlagworte: BDS • BeiDou System • CSNC2017 • GNSS • Satellite navigation
• ISBN-10: 981-10-4588-7 / 9811045887
• ISBN-13: 978-981-10-4588-2 / 9789811045882