Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals

Engineering National Academies of Sciences and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Mammals (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

146 Seiten

2017
National Academies Press (Verlag)
978-0-309-44048-6 (ISBN)

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Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills hundreds of thousands of marine mammals per year globally. To discern the factors contributing to population trends, scientists must consider the full complement of threats faced by marine mammals. Once populations or ecosystems are found to be at risk of adverse impacts, it is critical to decide which combination of stressors to reduce to bring the population or ecosystem into a more favorable state. Assessing all stressors facing a marine mammal population also provides the environmental context for evaluating whether an additional activity could threaten it.

Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals builds upon previous reports to assess current methodologies used for evaluating cumulative effects and identify new approaches that could improve these assessments. This review focuses on ways to quantify exposure-related changes in the behavior, health, or body condition of individual marine mammals and makes recommendations for future research initiatives.

Table of Contents

Front Matter
Summary
1 Introduction
2 Estimating Exposure and Effects of Sound on Wildlife
3 Current Understanding of Stressors
4 Assessing Interactions Among Stressors
5 Modeling the Population Consequences of Exposure to Multiple Stressors
6 Interactions Among Stressors and Challenges to Understanding Their Cumulative Effects
7 Early Warning Signs of Risk to Populations
8 Approaches to Assess Cumulative Impacts
References
Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Appendix B: Relevant Laws and Regulations
Appendix C: Committee and Staff Biographies
Appendix D: Glossary

1 Front Matter; 2 Summary; 3 1 Introduction; 4 2 Estimating Exposure and Effects of Sound on Wildlife; 5 3 Current Understanding of Stressors; 6 4 Assessing Interactions Among Stressors; 7 5 Modeling the Population Consequences of Exposure to Multiple Stressors; 8 6 Interactions Among Stressors and Challenges to Understanding Their Cumulative Effects; 9 7 Early Warning Signs of Risk to Populations; 10 8 Approaches to Assess Cumulative Impacts; 11 References; 12 Appendix A: Workshop Agenda; 13 Appendix B: Relevant Laws and Regulations; 14 Appendix C: Committee and Staff Biographies; 15 Appendix D: Glossary

Erscheinungsdatum	22.04.2017
Verlagsort	Washington
Sprache	englisch
Maße	216 x 279 mm
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Hydrologie / Ozeanografie
ISBN-10	0-309-44048-3 / 0309440483
ISBN-13	978-0-309-44048-6 / 9780309440486
Zustand	Neuware