Acoustic Textiles (eBook)

Rajiv Padhye, Rajkishore Nayak (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
VII, 242 Seiten
Springer Singapore (Verlag)
978-981-10-1476-5 (ISBN)

Infos

This book highlights the manufacturing and applications of acoustic textiles in various industries. It also includes examples from different industries in which acoustic textiles can be used to absorb noise and help reduce the impact of noise at the workplace. Given the importance of noise reduction in the working environment in several industries, the book offers a valuable guide for companies, educators and researchers involved with acoustic materials.

Dr Padhye is Director of the Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles at the School of Fashion and Textiles (RMIT University). His research interests include technical textiles, textile wet processing, protective textiles, high-performance textiles, nano materials, and medical textiles. He has produced several international publications in leading journals and book chapters.

Dr Nayak is currently working as a post-doctoral fellow at the Centre for Advanced Materials and Performance Textiles, part of the School of Fashion and Textiles (RMIT University). His research interests include nano fibers, technical textiles, high-performance textiles, and protective textiles. He has published contributions on his research in several international journals.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 Acoustic Textiles: An Introduction 9
Abstract 9
1 Introduction 9
2 Global Usage of Acoustic Textiles 11
2.1 Reasons for Increased Usage 11
2.2 Statistical Data 11
3 Noise Generation and Its Impact 12
3.1 Sources of Noise 12
3.2 Impact of Noise Pollution 13
4 Noise Control 15
4.1 Need for Noise Control 15
4.2 Legality 17
4.2.1 United States (US) 17
4.2.2 Europe 19
4.2.3 Asia 20
4.2.4 Australia/New Zealand 20
4.3 Methods of Noise Control 21
4.3.1 Methods of Noise Control 21
4.3.2 Room Acoustic 23
4.3.3 Automotive Noise Control 23
4.4 Materials Used for Noise Control 24
4.4.1 Porous Materials 25
4.4.2 Virgin Materials 26
4.4.3 Recycled Materials 27
4.4.4 Composites 28
5 Book Contents 28
6 Standards and Governing Bodies Relating to Acoustic Materials 30
6.1 Standards 30
6.2 Professional Societies 33
6.3 List of Journals and Global Conferences 35
6.3.1 List of Journals 35
6.3.2 List of Global Conferences 36
7 Conclusion 37
References 37
2 Basics of Acoustic Science 41
Abstract 41
1 Introduction 41
2 Sound Generation 42
3 Sound Wave Propagation 43
3.1 Sound Wave Concept 43
3.2 Sound Interference and Doppler Effect 44
3.3 Absorption 44
3.4 Transmission 45
3.5 Reflection 45
3.6 Refraction 46
3.7 Diffraction 46
4 Octave and 1/3 Octave Band 46
5 Sound Attributes 47
6 Sound Pressure Level 47
7 Sound Intensity 48
8 Sound Insulation 49
9 Sound Classification 49
10 Conclusion 49
References 50
3 Principles of Sound Absorbers 51
Abstract 51
1 Principles of Sound Absorbers 52
1.1 Sound Propagation, Reflection and Absorption 53
1.1.1 Propagation 54
1.1.2 Absorption 54
1.1.3 Scattering 56
1.1.4 Flow Resistivity 57
1.2 Porous Absorbers 58
1.3 Resonance Absorbers 63
1.3.1 Helmholtz Resonant Absorber 65
1.3.2 Micro-Perforated Panel Resonators 67
1.4 Factors Affecting Sound Absorption 69
1.4.1 Material Thickness 70
1.4.2 Fibre Size 70
1.4.3 Porosity 71
1.4.4 Density 71
1.4.5 Tortuosity 72
1.4.6 Compression 72
1.4.7 Airflow Resistance 72
1.4.8 Surface Impedance 73
1.4.9 Position of Sound Absorbers 73
1.5 Applications of Sound Absorbers 73
1.6 Specific Discussions on Acoustic Textiles 76
1.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 77
References 78
4 Materials Used for Acoustic Textiles 81
Abstract 81
1 Introduction 81
2 Raw Materials 83
2.1 Natural and Synthetic Fibres 83
2.2 Recycled Materials: Shoddy 87
3 Porous Absorbers 88
4 Panel Absorbers 91
5 Acoustic Materials Coated, Sprayed or Embedded with Fillers 92
6 Use of Nanomaterials 93
7 Recent Trends and Future Directions 96
8 Conclusion 98
Acknowledgments 98
References 98
5 Manufacturing Methods for Acoustic Textiles 101
Abstract 101
1 Introduction 102
2 Fibres as Raw Material 103
3 Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics 104
4 Polymer Composites 109
5 Non-conventional Textile Structures 111
5.1 Recycled Materials 111
5.2 Shear Thickening Fluids 112
5.3 Resonance Membrane 113
5.4 Carbon Fibre Felts 113
5.5 Fabric Sleeves 115
5.6 Other Textile Materials 115
6 Conclusion 119
References 119
6 Acoustical Test Methods for Nonwoven Fabrics 122
Abstract 122
1 Evaluation Methods for Acoustic Materials 123
1.1 Introduction 123
1.2 Physical Properties 123
1.2.1 Areal Density 124
1.2.2 Thickness 124
1.2.3 Volumetric Density 125
1.2.4 Porosity 125
1.2.5 Particle Size Distribution 126
1.2.6 Tortuosity 126
1.2.7 Compression 127
1.3 Mechanical Properties 128
1.3.1 Tensile Properties 128
1.3.2 Young’s Modulus 129
1.4 Acoustical Absorption Properties 130
1.4.1 Acoustical Absorption 136
1.4.2 Sound Transmission Loss (STL) 140
1.4.3 Airflow Resistivity (AFR) 141
1.4.4 Comparative Sound Absorption Measurement 143
1.4.5 Calculation of Sound Power Ration Between Two Samples 144
1.5 Conclusion 145
References 147
7 Applications of Acoustic Textiles in Automotive/Transportation 149
Abstract 149
1 Introduction 150
2 Automotive Textiles and Vehicle Noise 150
2.1 Sources of Noise Within Vehicles 151
2.2 Interior Vehicle Noise Control 154
3 Use of Acoustic Textiles in Vehicles 155
3.1 Seating Area 155
3.2 Headliners 157
3.3 Side Panels 157
3.4 Carpets 157
3.5 Trunks 158
3.6 Hood (Bonnet Liner) 158
3.7 Other Applications 159
4 Applications in Other Means of Transport 161
4.1 Use in Aircraft 162
4.2 Use in Trains 163
4.3 Use in Ships 164
4.4 Use in Spacecraft 165
5 Conclusion 166
References 167
8 Application of Acoustic Materials in Civil Engineering 170
Abstract 170
1 Introduction 171
1.1 Sound Insulation Standards 171
1.1.1 Tests 173
2 Various Applications of Acoustic Treatments in Civil Engineering 174
2.1 Acoustic Walls Panels and Floors 174
2.1.1 Highway Noise Barriers 175
2.1.2 Highway Noise Mitigation Treatments 176
2.1.3 Noise Attenuation in Buildings 176
2.2 Acoustic Baffle Systems 178
3 Commonly Used Sound Insulation Materials in Civil Engineering 178
3.1 Acoustic Wood Panels and Wood Composites 178
3.2 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) 181
3.3 Acoustic Foam Products 182
3.4 Woven Fabric and Fibre Retrofitting for Walls 183
3.5 Noise Absorbing Road Surfaces 184
4 Other Benefits of Using Sound Insulation Material 185
5 Summary and Conclusions 185
References 186
9 Design of Acoustic Textiles: Environmental Challenges and Opportunities for Future Direction 189
Abstract 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Design Challenges 191
2.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 193
3 Environmental Concerns of Manufacturing 195
3.1 Impact of Textile Processes on the Environment 196
3.2 Some Legislation Concerning Acoustic Textiles 197
3.3 Material Selection in Noise Control Elements 198
3.3.1 Glass Fibre and Mineral Wool 198
3.3.2 Foams 199
3.3.3 Nonwovens 200
3.3.4 Natural Fibres (Plant and Animal Fibres) 200
Summary of Research Studies Related to Use of Natural Fibres in Acoustical Materials 203
Biodegradable Versus Recyclable 206
3.3.5 Recycled Materials 206
3.4 Ecolabels 207
4 Recycling Issues 208
5 Concerns at the End-of-Life 209
6 Conclusion 210
References 210
Glossary of Terms 215
Index 240

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.10.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Textile Science and Clothing Technology
• Reihe/Serie: Textile Science and Clothing Technology
• Zusatzinfo: VII, 242 p. 69 illus., 39 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Singapore
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Acoustic Textiles • Electrospun Nanofibres • Medical Textiles • performance Textiles • Protective Textiles • sound absorbers • textile engineering
• ISBN-10: 981-10-1476-0 / 9811014760
• ISBN-13: 978-981-10-1476-5 / 9789811014765