Handbook of Magnetic Phenomena
Kluwer Academic Publishers (Verlag)
978-0-442-21184-4 (ISBN)
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An attempt has been made to present each phenomenon of interest in its most visually graphic form while reducing the verbal de- scription to the minimum needed to back up the illustrations. This might be called a Life magazine type of approach, in which each point is prin- cipally supported by a picture. The illustrations make use of two (perhaps unique) conventions.
1. Introduction.- 1.1 Magnetotransduction.- 1.2 Discussion Boundaries.- 1.3 Model.- 1.4 Audience.- 1.5 Theme.- I: Environments Experienced by Moving Electric Charges.- 2. Basic Laws and Definitions.- 2.1 The Three Types of Field.- 2.2 Definition of a Magnetic Field.- 2.3 Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.4 Moving Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.5 Flux Lines.- 2.6 Magnetic Poles.- 2.7 Forces on Moving Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.8 Paths Followed by Moving Charged Particles.- 2.9 Toroidal Magnetic Fields.- 2.10 Magnetic Field Direction.- 2.11 Lenz's Law.- 2.12 Magnetic Moment.- 2.13 Magnetons.- 2.14 Flux Driving Force.- 2.15 Flux Resisting Force.- 2.16 Permeability.- 2.17 Types of Moving Charged Particles.- 2.18 Magnetic Mirror.- 3. Chemical Effects.- 3.1 Force Patterns.- 3.2 Minimum Energy.- 3.3 Atomic Particles in Path Traverse.- 3.4 Lenz Opposition.- 3.5 Spinning Particles.- 3.6 Magnetic Field Effect on Orbit Energy.- 3.7 Spinning Particle Pairs.- 3.8 Unpaired Spinning Particles.- 3.9 Directional Coherence.- 3.10 Magnetization.- 3.11 Imposed Field Alignments.- 3.12 Field Intensity.- 3.13 Microenvironment.- 3.14 Self-Alignment.- 3.15 Individual Opposition.- 3.16 Individual Skewed Opposition.- 3.17 Group Opposition.- 3.18 Domain Walls.- 3.19 Crystal Restrictions.- 3.20 Multiple Domains.- 3.21 Phase Transitions.- 3.22 Double Lattice.- 3.23 Magnetic Anisotropism.- 3.24 Susceptance Variations.- 3.25 Flux Refraction.- 3.26 Spin Waves.- 3.27 Magneto-Electric Effect.- 4. Magnetic Hysteresis.- 4.1 Domain Matrix.- 4.2 Weak Magnetic Fields.- 4.3 Medium Magnetic Fields.- 4.4 Strong Magnetic Fields.- 4.5 Hysteresis Loop.- 4.6 Barkhausen Effect.- 4.7 Energy Loss.- 4.8 Rotational Hysteresis.- 4.9 Ancillary Effects.- 5. Thermal Effects.- 5.1 Chemical Potential.- 5.2 Nerst Effect.- 5.3 Magneton Alignments.- 5.4 Thermoferromagnetic Effect.- 5.5 Cabrera-Torroja Effect.- 5.6 Thermoferrimagnetic Effect.- 5.7 Ferromagnetic-Thermoelectric Effect.- 5.8 Decalesence.- 5.9 Magnetic Semiconductor Effect.- 6. Mechanical Effects.- 6.1 Ampere's Forces.- 6.2 Pinch Effect.- 6.3 Magnetic Rigidity.- 6.4 Dimensional Changes.- 6.5 Ferromagnetic Stiffening.- 6.6 Mechanical Forcing Fields.- 6.7 Barnett Effect.- 6.8 Maxwell Effect.- 6.9 Paramagnetic Tension.- 6.10 Havens Balance.- 6.11 Paramagnetic Levitation.- 6.12 Magno-Therm Effect.- 6.13 Ferromagnetic Fluid.- 6.14 Relay.- 6.15 Fluid Actuator.- 6.16 Ferrofluid.- 6.17 Magnetic Suspension.- 7. Magnetic Measurements.- 7.1 Field Direction.- 7.2 Oscillating Magnet.- 7.3 Permanent Magnet "Gauss Meter".- 7.4 Gradiometer.- 7.5 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer.- 7.6 Bozorth Configuration.- 7.7 Gouy Method.- 7.8 Permeameter.- 7.9 Optic Fiber.- 8. Magnetic Resonance.- 8.1 Coherent Precession.- 8.2 Energy/Frequency Equivalency.- 8.3 Larmor Spectrum.- 8.4 Magnetic Pumping.- 8.5 Magnitude of Larmor Signal.- 8.6 Chemical Shifting.- 8.7 Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.8 Second Order Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Flow Meter.- 8.10 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 8.11 Ferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.12 Winslow/Auld/Elston Configuration.- 8.13 Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.14 Radiant-Energy/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.15 Antiferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.16 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.- 8.17 Magnetization Detection Effect.- 8.18 Sonic-Wave/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 9. Radiant Energy.- 9.1 Possible Variables.- 9.2 Luminescence.- 9.3 Stimulation.- 9.4 Surface Emission.- 9.5 Frequency Shifting.- 9.6 Polarization.- 9.7 Magnetic Quenching.- 9.8 Absorption.- 9.9 Photomagnetic Effect.- 9.10 Refraction.- 9.11 Magnetorefraction.- 9.12 Reflection.- 9.13 Kerr Magneto-optic Effect.- 9.14 Interference.- 9.15 Diffraction.- 9.16 Magnetodiffraction.- 9.17 Scatter.- 9.18 Nematic Crystals.- 9.19 Polar Angle Rotation.- 9.20 Faraday Effect.- 9.21 Faraday Isolation.- 9.22 Absorption by Magneton Resonance.- 9.23 Circulator.- 9.24 Optical Pumping.- 9.25 Magnetic Phosphene Effect.- 9.26 Gantmahker Effect.- 9.27 Tuned Conducting Wire.- 9.28 Tunable Microwave Band-Pass Filter.- 9.29 Tuned Magnetic Semiconductor.- 9.30 Holography.- II: The Effects of Magnetic Field Changes on MovingCharged Particles.- 10. Moving Conductor.- 10.1 Wire in a Magnetic Field.- 10.2 Accelerated Conductor.- 10.3 Coil of Wire.- 10.4 Homopolar "DC"1. Introduction.- 1.1 Magnetotransduction.- 1.2 Discussion Boundaries.- 1.3 Model.- 1.4 Audience.- 1.5 Theme.- I: Environments Experienced by Moving Electric Charges.- 2. Basic Laws and Definitions.- 2.1 The Three Types of Field.- 2.2 Definition of a Magnetic Field.- 2.3 Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.4 Moving Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.5 Flux Lines.- 2.6 Magnetic Poles.- 2.7 Forces on Moving Electrically Charged Particles.- 2.8 Paths Followed by Moving Charged Particles.- 2.9 Toroidal Magnetic Fields.- 2.10 Magnetic Field Direction.- 2.11 Lenz's Law.- 2.12 Magnetic Moment.- 2.13 Magnetons.- 2.14 Flux Driving Force.- 2.15 Flux Resisting Force.- 2.16 Permeability.- 2.17 Types of Moving Charged Particles.- 2.18 Magnetic Mirror.- 3. Chemical Effects.- 3.1 Force Patterns.- 3.2 Minimum Energy.- 3.3 Atomic Particles in Path Traverse.- 3.4 Lenz Opposition.- 3.5 Spinning Particles.- 3.6 Magnetic Field Effect on Orbit Energy.- 3.7 Spinning Particle Pairs.- 3.8 Unpaired Spinning Particles.- 3.9 Directional Coherence.- 3.10 Magnetization.- 3.11 Imposed Field Alignments.- 3.12 Field Intensity.- 3.13 Microenvironment.- 3.14 Self-Alignment.- 3.15 Individual Opposition.- 3.16 Individual Skewed Opposition.- 3.17 Group Opposition.- 3.18 Domain Walls.- 3.19 Crystal Restrictions.- 3.20 Multiple Domains.- 3.21 Phase Transitions.- 3.22 Double Lattice.- 3.23 Magnetic Anisotropism.- 3.24 Susceptance Variations.- 3.25 Flux Refraction.- 3.26 Spin Waves.- 3.27 Magneto-Electric Effect.- 4. Magnetic Hysteresis.- 4.1 Domain Matrix.- 4.2 Weak Magnetic Fields.- 4.3 Medium Magnetic Fields.- 4.4 Strong Magnetic Fields.- 4.5 Hysteresis Loop.- 4.6 Barkhausen Effect.- 4.7 Energy Loss.- 4.8 Rotational Hysteresis.- 4.9 Ancillary Effects.- 5. Thermal Effects.- 5.1 Chemical Potential.- 5.2 Nerst Effect.- 5.3 Magneton Alignments.- 5.4 Thermoferromagnetic Effect.- 5.5 Cabrera-Torroja Effect.- 5.6 Thermoferrimagnetic Effect.- 5.7 Ferromagnetic-Thermoelectric Effect.- 5.8 Decalesence.- 5.9 Magnetic Semiconductor Effect.- 6. Mechanical Effects.- 6.1 Ampere's Forces.- 6.2 Pinch Effect.- 6.3 Magnetic Rigidity.- 6.4 Dimensional Changes.- 6.5 Ferromagnetic Stiffening.- 6.6 Mechanical Forcing Fields.- 6.7 Barnett Effect.- 6.8 Maxwell Effect.- 6.9 Paramagnetic Tension.- 6.10 Havens Balance.- 6.11 Paramagnetic Levitation.- 6.12 Magno-Therm Effect.- 6.13 Ferromagnetic Fluid.- 6.14 Relay.- 6.15 Fluid Actuator.- 6.16 Ferrofluid.- 6.17 Magnetic Suspension.- 7. Magnetic Measurements.- 7.1 Field Direction.- 7.2 Oscillating Magnet.- 7.3 Permanent Magnet "Gauss Meter".- 7.4 Gradiometer.- 7.5 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer.- 7.6 Bozorth Configuration.- 7.7 Gouy Method.- 7.8 Permeameter.- 7.9 Optic Fiber.- 8. Magnetic Resonance.- 8.1 Coherent Precession.- 8.2 Energy/Frequency Equivalency.- 8.3 Larmor Spectrum.- 8.4 Magnetic Pumping.- 8.5 Magnitude of Larmor Signal.- 8.6 Chemical Shifting.- 8.7 Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.8 Second Order Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Flow Meter.- 8.10 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 8.11 Ferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.12 Winslow/Auld/Elston Configuration.- 8.13 Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.14 Radiant-Energy/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.15 Antiferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.16 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.- 8.17 Magnetization Detection Effect.- 8.18 Sonic-Wave/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 9. Radiant Energy.- 9.1 Possible Variables.- 9.2 Luminescence.- 9.3 Stimulation.- 9.4 Surface Emission.- 9.5 Frequency Shifting.- 9.6 Polarization.- 9.7 Magnetic Quenching.- 9.8 Absorption.- 9.9 Photomagnetic Effect.- 9.10 Refraction.- 9.11 Magnetorefraction.- 9.12 Reflection.- 9.13 Kerr Magneto-optic Effect.- 9.14 Interference.- 9.15 Diffraction.- 9.16 Magnetodiffraction.- 9.17 Scatter.- 9.18 Nematic Crystals.- 9.19 Polar Angle Rotation.- 9.20 Faraday Effect.- 9.21 Faraday Isolation.- 9.22 Absorption by Magneton Resonance.- 9.23 Circulator.- 9.24 Optical Pumping.- 9.25 Magnetic Phosphene Effect.- 9.26 Gantmahker Effect.- 9.27 Tuned Conducting Wire.- 9.28 Tunable Microwave Band-Pass Filter.- 9.29 Tuned Magnetic Semiconductor.- 9.30 Holography.- II: The Effects of Magnetic Field Changes on MovingCharged Particles.- 10. Moving Conductor.- 10.1 Wire in a Magnetic Field.- 10.2 Accelerated Conductor.- 10.3 Coil of Wire.- 10.4 Homopolar "DC" Generator.- 10.5 Foucault Currents.- 10.6 Metallic Liquid Flow.- 10.7 Electrolytic Flow.- 10.8 Magnetohydrodynamic Flow.- 10.9 Ion Slip.- 10.10 Sound Wave Stiffening.- 10.11 Concentric Flow Meter.- 10.12 Chapin Transducer.- 10.13 Hydromagnetic Effects.- 11. Electromagnetic Induction.- 11.1 Induced Voltage.- 11.2 Consequential Currents.- 11.3 Single Loop.- 11.4 Faraday's Law.- 11.5 Self-Inductance.- 11.6 Inductive Reactance.- 11.7 Time Constant.- 11.8 Impedance.- 11.9 Phase Angle.- 11.10 Electric Energy.- 12. Reflected Impedance.- 12.1 Reflected Signal Current.- 12.2 Magnitude of Reflected Energy.- 12.3 Target Orientation.- 12.4 Target Location.- 12.5 Multiple Targets, Multiple Responses.- 12.6 Reflected Phase-Angle Range.- 12.7 Eddy Currents.- 12.8 Skin Effect.- 12.9 Target Profile.- 12.10 Beat Frequency Oscillator.- 12.11 Reflected Resistance Thermometer.- 12.12 Reflected Impedance Gage.- 12.13 Reflected Impedence Flaw Detector.- 12.14 Reflectivity Modulation.- 12.15 Bridge Circuit.- 12.16 Antenna Patterns.- 13. Reluctance Variations.- 13.1 Ferromagnetic Cores.- 13.2 Variable Inductance.- 13.3 Variable Reluctance.- 13.4 Two-Coil Linkage.- 13.5 Transformer.- 13.6 Current Transformer.- 13.7 Directional Determination.- 13.8 Nonlinearity Compensation.- 13.9 Differential Transformer.- 13.10 Variable Reluctance Differential Transformer.- 13.11 Torsional Differential Transformer.- 13.12 Shaded Pole Effect.- 13.13 Linear Differential Transformer.- 13.14 Dynamic Variable Reluctance.- 13.15 Dynamic Reluctance Bridge.- 13.16 Choke.- 14. Composite Targets.- 14.1 Sensing-coil Response.- 14.2 Transmit-Receive Configuration.- 14.3 Induction Balance.- 14.4 Geophysical Targets.- 15. Motor Phenomena.- 15.1 String Galvanometer.- 15.2 Vibratron.- 15.3 Bifilar Galvanometer.- 15.4 D's Forces.- 6.2 Pinch Effect.- 6.3 Magnetic Rigidity.- 6.4 Dimensional Changes.- 6.5 Ferromagnetic Stiffening.- 6.6 Mechanical Forcing Fields.- 6.7 Barnett Effect.- 6.8 Maxwell Effect.- 6.9 Paramagnetic Tension.- 6.10 Havens Balance.- 6.11 Paramagnetic Levitation.- 6.12 Magno-Therm Effect.- 6.13 Ferromagnetic Fluid.- 6.14 Relay.- 6.15 Fluid Actuator.- 6.16 Ferrofluid.- 6.17 Magnetic Suspension.- 7. Magnetic Measurements.- 7.1 Field Direction.- 7.2 Oscillating Magnet.- 7.3 Permanent Magnet "Gauss Meter".- 7.4 Gradiometer.- 7.5 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer.- 7.6 Bozorth Configuration.- 7.7 Gouy Method.- 7.8 Permeameter.- 7.9 Optic Fiber.- 8. Magnetic Resonance.- 8.1 Coherent Precession.- 8.2 Energy/Frequency Equivalency.- 8.3 Larmor Spectrum.- 8.4 Magnetic Pumping.- 8.5 Magnitude of Larmor Signal.- 8.6 Chemical Shifting.- 8.7 Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.8 Second Order Spin-Spin Splitting.- 8.9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Flow Meter.- 8.10 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 8.11 Ferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.12 Winslow/Auld/Elston Configuration.- 8.13 Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.14 Radiant-Energy/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 8.15 Antiferromagnetic Resonance.- 8.16 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.- 8.17 Magnetization Detection Effect.- 8.18 Sonic-Wave/Spin-Wave Resonance.- 9. Radiant Energy.- 9.1 Possible Variables.- 9.2 Luminescence.- 9.3 Stimulation.- 9.4 Surface Emission.- 9.5 Frequency Shifting.- 9.6 Polarization.- 9.7 Magnetic Quenching.- 9.8 Absorption.- 9.9 Photomagnetic Effect.- 9.10 Refraction.- 9.11 Magnetorefraction.- 9.12 Reflection.- 9.13 Kerr Magneto-optic Effect.- 9.14 Interference.- 9.15 Diffraction.- 9.16 Magnetodiffraction.- 9.17 Scatter.- 9.18 Nematic Crystals.- 9.19 Polar Angle Rotation.- 9.20 Faraday Effect.- 9.21 Faraday Isolation.- 9.22 Absorption by Magneton Resonance.- 9.23 Circulator.- 9.24 Optical Pumping.- 9.25 Magnetic Phosphene Effect.- 9.26 Gantmahker Effect.- 9.27 Tuned Conducting Wire.- 9.28 Tunable Microwave Band-Pass Filter.- 9.29 Tuned Magnetic Semiconductor.- 9.30 Holography.- II: The Effects of Magnetic Field Changes on MovingCharged Particles.- 10. Moving Conductor.- 10.1 Wire in a Magnetic Field.- 10.2 Accelerated Conductor.- 10.3 Coil of Wire.- 10.4 Homopolar "DC" Generator.- 10.5 Foucault Currents.- 10.6 Metallic Liquid Flow.- 10.7 Electrolytic Flow.- 10.8 Magnetohydrodynamic Flow.- 10.9 Ion Slip.- 10.10 Sound Wave Stiffening.- 10.11 Concentric Flow Meter.- 10.12 Chapin Transducer.- 10.13 Hydromagnetic Effects.- 11. Electromagnetic Induction.- 11.1 Induced Voltage.- 11.2 Consequential Currents.- 11.3 Single Loop.- 11.4 Faraday's Law.- 11.5 Self-Inductance.- 11.6 Inductive Reactance.- 11.7 Time Constant.- 11.8 Impedance.- 11.9 Phase Angle.- 11.10 Electric Energy.- 12. Reflected Impedance.- 12.1 Reflected Signal Current.- 12.2 Magnitude of Reflected Energy.- 12.3 Target Orientation.- 12.4 Target Location.- 12.5 Multiple Targets, Multiple Responses.- 12.6 Reflected Phase-Angle Range.- 12.7 Eddy Currents.- 12.8 Skin Effect.- 12.9 Target Profile.- 12.10 Beat Frequency Oscillator.- 12.11 Reflected Resistance Thermometer.- 12.12 Reflected Impedance Gage.- 12.13 Reflected Impedence Flaw Detector.- 12.14 Reflectivity Modulation.- 12.15 Bridge Circuit.- 12.16 Antenna Patterns.- 13. Reluctance Variations.- 13.1 Ferromagnetic Cores.- 13.2 Variable Inductance.- 13.3 Variable Reluctance.- 13.4 Two-Coil Linkage.- 13.5 Transformer.- 13.6 Current Transformer.- 13.7 Directional Determination.- 13.8 Nonlinearity Compensation.- 13.9 Differential Transformer.- 13.10 Variable Reluctance Differential Transformer.- 13.11 Torsional Differential Transformer.- 13.12 Shaded Pole Effect.- 13.13 Linear Differential Transformer.- 13.14 Dynamic Variable Reluctance.- 13.15 Dynamic Reluctance Bridge.- 13.16 Choke.- 14. Composite Targets.- 14.1 Sensing-coil Response.- 14.2 Transmit-Receive Configuration.- 14.3 Induction Balance.- 14.4 Geophysical Targets.- 15. Motor Phenomena.- 15.1 String Galvanometer.- 15.2 Vibratron.- 15.3 Bifilar Galvanometer.- 15.4 D'Arsonval Galvanometer.- 15.5 Gaussian Galvanometer.- 15.6 Eddy Current Multiplier.- III: Magnetons Moving Under Tight Constraints As in a Solid or Liquid.- 16. Magnetostriction.- 16.1 Magnetomechanical Hysteresis Loop.- 16.2 Villari Effect.- 16.3 Guillemen Effect.- 16.4 Villari Differential Transformer.- 16.5 Villari Torque Differential Transformer.- 16.6 Villari Bridge.- 16.7 Villari Steel-Rolling Shape Gage.- 16.8 Wertheim Effects.- 16.9 Wiedemann Effects.- 16.10 Nagaoka-Honda Effect.- 16.11 Magnetostrictive Acoustics.- 16.12 Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Effect.- 16.13 Magnetostrictive Detection Effect.- 16.14 Garshelis Effect.- 16.15 Magnetostrictive Resonator.- 16.16 Magnetostrictive Amplifier.- 16.17 Magnetostrictive Modulator.- 16.18 Sonic Delay Line.- 16.19 Domain Flip.- 17. Galvanomagnetic Effects.- 17.1 Classifications.- 17.2 Crystal Lattice.- 17.3 Solid Material.- 17.4 Carriers.- 17.5 Carrier Availability.- 17.6 Hot/Cold Carriers.- 17.7 Carrier Movements.- 17.8 Field Effect.- 17.9 Lorentz Forces.- 17.10 Forcing Fields.- 17.11 Dynamic Mechanisms of Resistance.- 17.12 Static Mechanisms of Resistance.- 17.13 Resistance.- 17.14 Mobility.- 17.15 Conductivity.- 17.16 Adiabatic Galvanomagnetoresistance.- 17.17 Magnetoresistive Device.- 17.18 Two-Material Magnetoresistance.- 17.19 Adiabatic Negative Hall Effect.- 17.20 Adiabatic Positive Hall Effect.- 17.21 Suhl Effect.- 17.22 Ettinghausen Effect.- 17.23 Heat Flow.- 17.24 Adiabatic Negative Nernst Effect.- 17.25 Adiabatic Positive Nernst Effect.- 17.26 Righi-Leduc Effect.- 17.27 Isothermal Hall Effects.- 17.28 Hall Current.- 17.29 Corbino Device.- 17.30 Liquid Corbino Device.- 17.31 Negative Hall Device.- 17.32 Hall Multiplying Device.- 17.33 Crystalline Anisotropy.- 17.34 Negative Nernst Device.- 17.35 Photoelectromagnetic Effect.- 17.36 Mechanoelectromagnetic Effect.- 17.37 Chemoelectromagnetic Effect.- 18. Magneton Order Effects.- 18.1 Negative Magnetoresistance.- 18.2 Gauss Effect.- 18.3 Elastoresistance.- 18.4 Ferromagnetic Hall Effect.- 18.5 Electroferrimagnetic Effect.- 18.6 Heat Transport Effects.- 19. Hysteretic Effects.- 19.1 Permeability.- 19.2 Operating Point.- 19.3 Permanent Magnetism.- 19.4 Air-gaps.- 19.5 Flux Guide.- 19.6 Square Hysteresis Loops.- 19.7 Memory Cores.- 19.8 Variable Mhu Magnetometer.- 19.9 Boucke Configuration.- 19.10 Peaking Strip.- 19.11 Magnetic Amplifier.- 19.12 Flux Gate Magnetometer.- 19.13 Magnetic Bubbles.- 19.14 Magmeter.- 19.15 Bobeck Effect.- 19.16 Wiegand Effect.- 19.17 Magnetic Recording.- 20. Size Effects.- 20.1 Surface Effects.- 20.2 Fine-wire Longitudinal Magnetoresistance.- 20.3 Ferromagnetic Particle Size Effects.- 20.4 Supermagnetic Effect.- 20.5 Domain Rotation.- 20.6 Sondheimer Effect.- 20.7 Isothermal Electromagnetic Magnetoresistive Effect.- 21. Strong Magnetic Field Effects.- 21.1 Az'bel-Kaner Resonance.- 21.2 Magnetoacoustic Resonance.- 21.3 Strong Field Magnetoresistance.- 21.4 Anisotropic Strong Field Magnetoresistance.- 21.5 Strong-Field Magnetosusceptance.- IV: Magnetons Moving Under Loose Constraints As in a Vacuum or Gas.- 22. Ionic Currents.- 22.1 Aurora.- 22.2 Singing Flames.- 22.3 Blowout Magnet.- 22.4 Magnetosphere.- 22.5 Magnetic Focusing.- 22.6 Beta Ray Spectrometer.- 22.7 Stern-Gerlach Experiment.- 22.8 Rabi Configuration.- 23. Magnetron Effects in Gas.- 23.1 Magnetron Radius.- 23.2 Cyclotron Frequency.- 23.3 Cyclotron.- 23.4 Split-Anode Magnetometer.- 23.5 Magnetron.- 23.6 Magnetron Pressure Gage.- 23.7 Mass Spectrometer.- 23.8 Omegatron.- 23.9 Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer.- 23.10 Philips Ion Gage.- V: Magnetons Moving in Environments with a Very Low Energy Content.- 24. Chemical Environment.- 24.1 Meissner Effect.- 24.2 Types of Superconduction.- 24.3 Spin Glass.- 24.4 Kondo Effect.- 24.5 Onnes Effect.- 24.6 Cryotron.- 24.7 Huebener-Govednik Switch.- 24.8 Factor Periodicity.- 25. Flux Quantization.- 25.1 Squid.- 26. Tunneling.- 26.1 Giaever Effect.- 26.2 Josephson DC Effect.- 26.3 Junction Manipulation.- 26.4 Josephson AC Effect.- 26.5 Josephson RF Effect.- Glossary of Terms.
| Zusatzinfo | biography |
|---|---|
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 150 x 230 mm |
| Gewicht | 740 g |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Elektrodynamik |
| ISBN-10 | 0-442-21184-8 / 0442211848 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-442-21184-4 / 9780442211844 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
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