Power System Dynamics and Control (eBook)

Harry G. Kwatny, Karen Miu-Miller (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1st ed. 2016
XI, 271 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-8176-4674-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Whereas power systems have traditionally been designed with a focus on protecting them from routine component failures and atypical user demand, we now also confront the fact that deliberate attack intended to cause maximum disruption is a real possibility. In response to this changing environment, new concepts and tools have emerged that address many of the issues facing power system operation today. This book is aimed at introducing these ideas to practicing power systems engineers, control systems engineers interested in power systems, and graduate students in these areas.

The ideas are examined with an emphasis on how they can be applied to improve our understanding of power system behavior and help design better control systems. The book is supplemented by a Mathematica package enabling readers to work out nontrivial examples and problems. Also included is a set of Mathematica tutorial notebooks providing detailed solutions of the worked examples in the text. In addition to Mathematica, simulations are carried out using Simulink with Stateflow.

 

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This monograph explores a consistent modeling and analytic framework that provides the tools for an improved understanding of the behavior and the building of efficient models of power systems.  It covers the essential concepts for the study of static and dynamic network stability, reviews the structure and design of basic voltage and load-frequency regulators, and offers an introduction to power system optimal control with reliability constraints.  A set of Mathematica tutorial notebooks providing detailed solutions of the examples worked-out in the text, as well as a package that will enable readers to work out their own examples and problems, supplements the text.A key premise of the book is that the design of successful control systems requires a deep understanding of the processes to be controlled; as such, the technical discussion begins with a concise review of the physical foundations of electricity and magnetism.  This is followed by an overview of nonlinear circuits that include resistors, inductors, capacitors, and memristors, along with an examination of basic circuit mathematical models and formulations.  AC power systems are considered next, in which models for their basic components are derived.  The following chapters address power system dynamics using both the ordinary differential equation and differential-algebraic equation models of a power network, as well as bifurcation analysis and the behavior of a network as it approaches voltage instability.  Two classic control problems - voltage regulation and load-frequency control - are then described, including the coordination of economic dispatch with load-frequency control.  Finally, power system control problems involving operation in highly nonlinear regimes and subjected to discrete failure modes are discussed.Power System Dynamics and Control will appeal to practicing power system engineers, control systems engineers interested in powersystems, and graduate students in these areas.  Because it provides sufficient information about their modelling and behavior, control engineers without a background in power systems will also find it to be a valuable resource.

Inhalt

Preface 7
Contents 9
1 Introduction 12
1.1 Goals and Motivation 12
1.2 Content 13
2 Basics of Electricity and Magnetism 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 The Electric Field 15
2.3 The Magnetic Field 17
2.4 Maxwell's Equations 19
3 Electric Circuits and Devices 26
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Circuits and Circuit Elements 26
3.3 Network Modeling 30
3.4 The Incidence Matrix and Tellegen's Theorem 35
3.5 Generalized Lagrange Equations 37
3.5.1 Introduction 37
3.5.2 State Variables 40
3.5.3 Other Forms of Lagrange Equations 45
3.5.4 Excess Elements 59
3.6 Coupled Circuits and Electromechanical Devices 60
4 AC Power Systems 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Basics Concepts of AC Networks 72
4.2.1 Impedance Models of Linear Networks 72
4.2.2 Active and Reactive Power 74
4.2.3 Multi-port Networks 77
4.2.4 Single-Phase Machines 83
4.2.5 Transmission Lines and Transformers 87
4.3 Three-Phase AC Systems 92
4.3.1 Principles of Three-Phase Transmission 92
4.3.2 Three-Phase Synchronous Machines 93
4.4 Balanced Three-Phase AC Power Networks 100
4.4.1 Synchronous Generator in Steady State 101
4.4.2 Synchronous Machine Simplified Dynamic Model 102
4.4.3 Power Flow Equations 108
5 Power System Dynamics: Foundations 114
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Preliminaries 114
5.3 Ordinary Differential Equations 117
5.3.1 Existence and Uniqueness 117
5.3.2 Invariant Sets 122
5.4 Lyapunov Stability 123
5.4.1 Autonomous Systems 123
5.4.2 Basic Stability Theorems 125
5.4.3 First Integrals and Chetaev's Method 135
5.4.4 Remarks on Noether's Theorem 137
5.4.5 Stable, Unstable, and Center Manifolds 138
5.5 Analysis of Power System Stability 142
5.5.1 Properties of Classical Power System Models 143
5.5.2 Systems with Transfer Conductances 151
6 Power System Dynamics: Bifurcation Behavior 161
6.1 Introduction 161
6.2 Systems Described by Differential-Algebraic Equations 161
6.3 Basic Properties of DAEs 162
6.4 Singularities and Bifurcations of DAEs 163
6.5 Bifurcation of Flows Near Equilibria 166
6.5.1 Equivalence of Flows and Structural Stability 166
6.5.2 Bifurcation Points 167
6.5.3 Genericity 168
6.5.4 Normal Forms 169
6.5.5 Deformations and Unfoldings 171
6.5.6 Deformations and Unfoldings in Other Contexts 172
6.6 Numerical Computation 174
6.6.1 Static Bifurcation Points 174
6.6.2 Hopf Bifurcation 181
6.7 Applications 187
7 Elements of Power Systems Control 196
7.1 Introduction 196
7.2 Primary Voltage Control 196
7.2.1 Excitation Systems 197
7.3 Load Frequency Control 202
7.4 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) 207
7.4.1 Elements of the Classical AGC Problem 209
7.4.2 AGC Control Strategies 211
7.4.3 Coordination of Economic Dispatch and AGC 219
8 Power System Management 224
8.1 Introduction 224
8.2 Problem Definition 226
8.2.1 Modeling 226
8.2.2 The Control Problem 228
8.3 Logical Specification to IP Formulas 229
8.3.1 Logical Modeling Language 229
8.3.2 Transformation to IP Formulas 230
8.3.3 Implementation 230
8.4 Constructing the Optimal Solution 231
8.5 Example: Load Shedding 233
8.5.1 Network and Load Dynamics 233
8.5.2 System Operation 234
8.5.3 The Optimal Control Problem Without OLTC, n=1 236
8.5.4 Incorporating Time Delays 238
8.6 Induction Motor Load with UPS 239
8.6.1 Dynamics 240
8.6.2 IP Formulas for UPS System 243
8.6.3 Optimal Control 243
8.7 Ship Integrated Electric Power System 245
8.7.1 The Fuel Consumption Model 247
8.7.2 Optimal Response to Contingencies 248
8.7.3 Example 252
Appendix AShip Hybrid Electric Propulsion System 255
Appendix BComputational Tools 259
References 263
Index 272

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.6.2016
• Reihe/Serie: Control Engineering
• Reihe/Serie: Control Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 271 p. 112 illus.
• Verlagsort: New York
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Theorie / Studium
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: discrete-event mechanisms • discrete protection systems • Dynamical Systems • Hybrid Systems • nonlinear dynamics of power systems • power flow oscillations • power transfer limits • stability • voltage collapse
• ISBN-10: 0-8176-4674-4 / 0817646744
• ISBN-13: 978-0-8176-4674-5 / 9780817646745