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Networks on Networks

The Physics of Geobiology and Geochemistry

Allen G. Hunt, Stefano Manzoni (Autoren)

Buch | Softcover

177 Seiten

2016
Morgan & Claypool Publishers (Verlag)
978-1-68174-031-7 (ISBN)

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Order from chaos is simultaneously a mantra of physics and a reality in biology. Physicist Norman Packard suggested that life developed and thrives at the edge of chaos. Questions remain, however, as to how much practical knowledge of biology can be traced to existing physical principles, and how much physics has to change in order to address the complexity of biology. Phil Anderson, a physics Nobel laureate, contributed to popularizing a new notion of the end of ""reductionism."" In this view, it is necessary to abandon the quest of reducing complex behavior to known physical results, and to identify emergent behaviors and principles. In the present book, however, we have sought physical rules that can underlie the behavior of biota as well as the geochemistry of soil development. We looked for fundamental principles, such as the dominance of water flow paths with the least cumulative resistance, that could maintain their relevance across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, together with the appropriate description of solute transport associated with such flow paths. Thus, ultimately, we address both nutrient and water transport limitations of processes from chemical weathering to vascular plant growth. The physical principles guiding our effort are established in different, but related concepts and fields of research, so that in fact our book applies reductionist techniques guided by analogy. The fact that fundamental traits extend across biotic and abiotic processes, i.e., the same fluid flow rate is relevant to both, but that distinctions in topology of the connected paths lead to dramatic differences in growth rates, helps unite the study of these nominally different disciplines of geochemistry and geobiology within the same framework.

It has been our goal in writing this book to share the excitement of learning, and one of the most exciting portions to us has been the ability to bring some order to the question of the extent to which soils can facilitate plant growth, and what limitations on plant sizes, metabolism, occurrence, and correlations can be formulated thereby. While we bring order to the soil constraints on growth , we also generate some uncertainties in the scaling relationships of plant growth and metabolism. Although we have made an first attempt to incorporate edaphic constraints into allometric scaling, this is but an initial foray into the forest.

Allen Hunt was trained as a physicist in the application of percolation theory to transport in disordered systems. Post-doctoral experience in soil physics, geomorphology, and hydrology acquainted him with a series of difficult physics problems in porous media, particularly those of soil formation and soil processes. Hunt has over 120 refereed publications in the above fields, climate dynamics, and biological sciences in 45 traditionally archived journals, including Nature. He has been a Fulbright Scholar, and a National Science Foundation Program Director. He is currently Professor at Wright State University, with appointments in the Physics Department and in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Department. His book, Percolation Theory for Flow in Porous Media (Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer) has gone through three editions in the past 10 years. He has earned teaching distinctions at the local and national levels, and his Ph.D. student, Behzad Ghanbarian, received the Turcotte Award in 2015 from the American Geophysical Union for his dissertation advancing the science of non-linear geophysics.

Introduction
Percolation Theory, the Effective-Medium Approximation, and Upscaling
Physical, Hydraulic, and Conduction Properties in Porous Media Using Percolation
Solute Transport in
Soils and Other Heterogeneous Porous Media
Water transport in plants
Allometric scaling and metabolism
Edaphic Constraints: The Role of the Soil in Vegetation Growth
Revisiting the Gaia hypothesis

Erscheinungsdatum	05.02.2016
Reihe/Serie	IOP Concise Physics
Verlagsort	San Rafael
Sprache	englisch
Maße	178 x 254 mm
Gewicht	333 g
Themenwelt	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
	Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Astronomie / Astrophysik
ISBN-10	1-68174-031-1 / 1681740311
ISBN-13	978-1-68174-031-7 / 9781681740317
Zustand	Neuware