Co-Relating Metallic Nanoparticle Characteristics and Bacterial Toxicity (eBook)

Anil K. Suresh (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 2015
XII, 47 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-16796-1 (ISBN)

Infos

This brief gives a concise overview of nanoparticles and their microbial toxicity. It introduces various nanoparticles that are considered lethal to microbial cells (bacteria, virus and fungus) placing an emphasis on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The synthesis procedures (physical, chemical, microbial) that are often employed in their fabrication are also outlined. The interaction of various nanoparticles with microbes is described with attention given to the role of additives in the form of solvents, surfactants, capping materials. Commonly used experimental and analytical techniques that are often used to evaluate and determine the toxicity of nanoparticles towards different microorganisms are presented and comparative assessments on the differences between these procedures are described. The brief ends by explaining the toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to microorganisms.

Dr. Anil K. Suresh, Ph.D. (Scientist D) is the holder of a Ramalingaswami fellowship and is currently based in the Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University in India.
He was previously a Staff Scientist at the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 9
Contents 11
1 An Overview on Toxic Nanoparticles and Their Interactions with Microbial Cells 13
Abstract 13
1.1 Microbial Toxicity of Nanoparticles: An Introduction 13
1.2 Bacterial Toxicity of Nanoparticles 15
1.2.1 Toxicity Induced by Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes 15
1.2.2 Toxicity Induced by Metal Nanoparticles 16
1.2.2.1 Influence of Nanoparticle Form or Type 16
1.2.2.2 Influence of Size and Shape Distributions of Nanoparticles 18
1.2.2.3 Influence of Bacteria Type or Form 19
1.3 Mechanisms of Bacterial Toxicity 20
1.3.1 Dissolution or Release of Ions 20
1.3.2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Free Radicals Mediated Oxidative Damage 22
1.4 Summary 23
References 24
2 Analytical and Physical Characterization Techniques Employed to Assess Microbial Toxicity of Nanoparticles 26
Abstract 26
2.1 Analytical Assays to Determine Microbial Toxicity 26
2.1.1 Disk Diffusion Assay 26
2.1.2 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 27
2.1.3 Colony-Forming Units 29
2.1.4 LiveDead Toxicity Assay 29
2.2 Physical Characterization Techniques to Ascertain Bacterial Nanoparticle Interactions 30
2.2.1 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 30
2.2.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy for Quantitative Uptake 31
2.2.3 Dark Field Microscopy 32
2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy 32
2.2.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy 33
2.2.5.1 Direct Imaging Using TEM 33
2.2.5.2 Ultra-Microtome-Based Trans-Sectional Imaging Using TEM 34
2.2.6 Atomic Force Microscopy 35
2.2.6.1 Immobilization of Bacteria onto Gelatin-Coated Mica 35
2.3 Summary 36
References 37
3 Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Bactericidal Activity and Stress Response 38
Abstract 38
3.1 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Bacteria 38
3.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 40
3.3 Bactericidal Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 41
3.3.1 Disk Diffusion Assay 41
3.3.2 Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 42
3.3.3 LiveDead Viability Assay 42
3.4 Mechanism of Toxicity 44
3.4.1 Mode of Interaction Based on Transmission Electron Microscopy 44
3.4.2 Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production 45
3.4.3 Transcriptional Microarray Analysis 46
3.4.3.1 Microarray Hybridization Methodology 46
3.4.3.2 Stress Genomic Analysis 47
3.5 Summary 48
References 49
4 Influence of Surface Coatings on the Bactericidal Activity of Nanoparticles 50
Abstract 50
4.1 Surface Coatings or Stabilizing Agents 50
4.1.1 Various Chemical and Biological Stabilizing Agents 53
4.2 Assessing the Incorporated Surface Coating on the Nanoparticles Surface 54
4.2.1 Zeta Potential 54
4.2.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 55
4.2.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 56
4.3 Summary 57
References 58

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.3.2015
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Biometals
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Biometals
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
• Reihe/Serie: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 47 p. 13 illus., 5 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Microorganisms Nanoscience • Surface Coatings Nanoparticels • Toxicity in Nanoparticles • Toxic Nanoarticles • Wild-type Strains Nano Toxicity
• ISBN-10: 3-319-16796-0 / 3319167960
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-16796-1 / 9783319167961