Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology (eBook)

Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Munich, 1963

Sam Stuart (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
390 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-2359-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology, Volume III is a compilation of papers presented during the 11th International Congress of Refrigeration, held at Munich, Germany in 1963. This volume is divided into three parts discussing various aspects of refrigeration science and technology. Part I deals with refrigerated transport by land and by air. This part is further divided into sections that cover refrigerated vehicles, testing of equipment for refrigerated vehicles, and the transport of foods. The second part is about refrigerated transport by water, with sections covering subjects on marine air-conditioning and fishing boats. Part III tackles education in the area of refrigeration. Research and education in refrigeration locker plants and education in refrigeration are elucidated under this section. Mechanical engineers and those concerned in the production, transport, and manufacturing of perishable goods will find great use of this book.

Dr. Sam Stuart is a physiotherapist and a research Fellow within the Balance Disorders Laboratory, OHSU. His work focuses on vision, cognition and gait in neurological disorders, examining how technology-based interventions influence these factors. He has published extensively in world leading clinical and engineering journals focusing on a broad range of activities such as real-world data analytics, algorithm development for wearable technology and provided expert opinion on technology for concussion assessment for robust player management. He is currently a guest editor for special issues (sports medicine and transcranial direct current stimulation for motor rehabilitation) within Physiological Measurement and Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, respectively.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Volume III 6
Part I: Commission 7 10
Section 1. Refrigerated Vehicles 12
Chapter 1. Prévention de la corrosion des parois métalliques de la caisse du wagon du côté de l'isolation 12
SUMMARY 12
I. LES PROCÉDÉS MÉCANIQUES 13
II. LES PROCÉDÉS CHIMIQUES 15
III. LES PROCÉDÉS DE SERVICE 16
CONCLUSIONS 17
Chapter 2. Moyens aptes à éviter la corrosion des revêtements métalliques des wagons réfrigérants 18
SUMMARY 18
1. MATÉRIEL RÉFRIGÉRANT 18
2. CAUSE DE LA CORROSION 18
3. MOYENS UTILISÉS POUR ÉVITER LA CORROSION 19
SUMMARY OF THE DISCUSSION (Papers VII-6 + VII-13) 21
Chapter 3. Laboratory Study of the Effect of Solar Radiation on Cooling Load of Stationary Refrigerated Vehicles 24
INTRODUCTION 24
TEST APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 24
SIMULATED SOLAR RADIATION APPARATUS 25
TEST RESULTS 26
DISCUSSION 28
REFERENCES 28
Chapter 4. Contributions à l'étude des facteurs influençant l'échange thermique au travers des carrosseries frigorifiques et moyens propres à limiter ces échanges par une mise en oeuvre judicieuse des différents matériaux 30
SUMMARY 30
PROCÉDÉS DE CONSTRUCTION PROPRES A ATTÉNUER L'AUGMENTATION DES ÉCHANGES THERMIQUES AU ROULAGE 31
CONCLUSIONS 32
DISCUSSION 32
Chapter 5. Determination of the Suitable Type of Refrigerated Rail Wagon 34
SOMMAIRE 34
REFERENCES 40
Section II: Testing of Equipment for Refrigerated Vehicles 42
Chapter 6. Testing of Special Equipment for the Road Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs 42
SOMMAIRE 42
INTRODUCTION 42
MEASUREMENT OF THE K-FACTOR 42
EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATING APPLIANCES OF REFRIGERATED EQUIPMENT 45
EFFICIENCY OF THE REFRIGERATING APPLIANCES OF MECHANICALLY REFRIGERATED EQUIPMENT 47
REFERENCES 49
DISCUSSION 49
Chapter 7. Quelques considérations sur le transport des denrées congelées et surgelées 52
SUMMARY 52
Chapter 8. Temperature-Controlled Dry-Ice Unit 58
SOMMAIRE 58
1. INTRODUCTION 58
2. THE PROBLEM 59
3. THE KNOWN DRY ICE REFRIGERATING DEVICES 59
4. A NEW DRY ICE REFRIGERATING APPARATUS WITH EVAPORATION SYSTEM AND FORCED CIRCULATION 63
5. TEST DATA AND OPERATIONAL OBSERVATIONS 66
Chapter 9. Les méthodes de réfrigération poussée utilisables dans les wagons frigorifiques de chemin de fer déstinés au transport des denrées surgelées, notamment par l'emploi de groupes frigorifiques actionnés par moteur Diesel 68
SUMMARY 68
EXAMEN CRITIQUE DES DIFFÉRENTES MÉTHODES DE RÉRIGÉRATION 68
RÉFRIGÉRATION PAR GLACE CARBONIQUE OU PAR AZOTE LIQUIDE 70
GROUPES FRIGORIFIQUES ACTIONNÉS ÉLECTRIQUEMENT 70
GROUPES FRIGORIFIQUES A PRISE D'ÉNERGIE SUR L'ESSIEU 71
GROUPES FRIGORIFIQUES ACTIONNÉS PAR MOTEUR DIESEL 72
Chapter 10. Wagons frigorifiques expérimentaux des F. S. 76
SUMMARY 76
1. GÉNÉRALITÉS 76
2. DESCRIPTION DU NOUVEAU WAGON FRIGORIFIQUE 76
3. VOYAGES EXPÉRIMENTAUX 77
DISCUSSION 79
Section III: Transport of Foods 80
Chapter 11. Comment prolonger la protection frigorifique à l'arrivée des denrées transportées à l'état réfrigéré ou congelé. Etude de containers adéquats pour les pays à équipment frigorifique peu développé 80
SUMMARY 80
I CONDITIONS LOCALES 81
II CONDITIONS D'ADAPTATION 82
Chapter 12. Transport du lait dans des containers isolés, comme l'un des problèmes du transport rail-route 84
SUMMARY 84
RÉCIPIENT 86
CADRE PORTEUR 86
ISOLATION 86
DISPOSITIF DE TRANSBORDEMENT 87
EFFETS ÉCONOMIQUES DUS A L'APPLICATION DU CONTAINER 88
DISCUSSION 89
Chapter 13. The Status of Palletized Transport of Perishable Commodities in the U.S.A. 92
SOMMAIRE 92
INTRODUCTION 92
THE PRESENT STATUS 92
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF PALLETIZATION 94
DISCUSSION 96
Chapter 14. A Rapid Method for Refrigeration of Pork and its Keeping Quality during Transport 98
SOMMAIRE 98
Chapter 15. The Transport of Chilled Beef in Overhead Bunker Refrigerated Railcars 102
SOMMAIRE 102
I. INTRODUCTION 102
II. THE REFRIGERATED TRUCK 103
III. PROCEDURE FOR PRECOOLING AND ICING OF TRUCKS 103
IV. APPROXIMATE HEAT BALANCE FOR CHILLED BEEF TRUCK 104
V. OBSERVATIONS ON TRUCKS AFTER 5/6 DAY JOURNEY 104
VI. DISCUSSIONS 105
Part II: Commission 8 108
Section IV: Marine Air Conditioning 110
Chapter 16. Le conditionnement de l'air à bord des navires — L'installation du paquebot «France» 110
SUMMARY 110
I – DESCRIPTION DE L'INSTALLATION DE CONDITIONNEMENT D'AIR DU «FRANCE»- 110
II — CONDITIONS D'UTILISATION DE L'INSTALLATION 112
III — RESULTATS D'ENSEMBLE OBTENUS 113
IV - CONCLUSION 115
DISCUSSION 117
Chapter 17. Problèmes soulevés par la climatisation des paquebots existants, commentés après réalisation de sept installations 118
SUMMARY 118
PRODUCTION FRIGORIFIQUE 118
DISTRIBUTION D'EAU FROIDE 119
PRODUCTION ET DISTRIBUTION D'AIR CONDITIONNE 120
REMPLACEMENT INTEGRAL DE L'INSTALLATION EXISTANTE 120
UTILISATION INTEGRALE DE L'INSTALLATION EXISTANTE 121
QUELQUES CONSEQUENCES DU CONDITIONNEMENT D'AIR 122
DISCUSSION 122
Chapter 18. New Proposals for Marine Air Conditioning 126
SOMMAIRE 126
CAPITAL COST OF EQUIPMENT FOR 40000 TON LINER 126
SAVINGS IN CAPITAL COST 126
SAVING IN RUNNING COSTS 128
REFERENCES 132
DISCUSSION 132
Chapter 19. Cooling and Ventilating on Modern Passenger Ships and Other Vessels. Air-Cooled Ceiling and Steamjet Plants 136
SOMMAIRE 136
INTRODUCTION 136
A. COOLED CEILING 137
DESCRIPTION OF TEST ARRANGEMENT 139
FULL SCALE TESTS 139
CONCLUSIONS 142
DISCUSSION 143
Chapter 20. A One-Ton Thermoelectric Air Conditioning Unit 146
SOMMAIRE 146
BACKGROUND 146
DESIGN DETAILS 147
DISCUSSION 155
Chapter 21. Réglage de l'humidité relative dans les différents types d'installations de conditionnement d'air navals 158
SUMMARY 158
1. INTRODUCTION 158
2. VARIATIONS SAISONALES DES CONDITIONS THERMO-HYGROMETRIQUES 158
3. TYPES D'INSTALLATIONS POUR CABINES ET LEUR FONCTIONNEMENT 161
4. LE REGLAGE HYGROMETRIQUE DANS LES LOCAUX PUBLICS 162
5. CONCLUSIONS 163
DISCUSSION 163
Chapter 22. Some Recent Advances in Refrigerating Machinery Installations in Fishing Vessels 166
SOMMAIRE 166
PRESERVATION OF ICED FISH 166
CHILLED SEA WATER 167
BRINE FREEZING 167
AIR BLAST FREEZING 167
HORIZONTAL PLATE FREEZERS 167
APPEARANCE OF WHOLE FISH BLOCKS 168
CONVERSION OF EXISTING VESSELS 168
TROPICAL OPERATION 168
INSULATION OF FROZEN FISH HOLDS 169
PRIMARY REFRIGERANTS 170
SECONDARY REFRIGERANTS 170
REFRIGERANT SYSTEMS 170
LIQUID PUMPS 170
COMPRESSORS 171
AUTOMATIC VERSUS HAND CONTROL 171
CONCLUSIONS 171
REFERENCES 172
DISCUSSION 173
Chapter 23. Problèmes frigorifiques actuels du transport maritime 178
SUMMARY 178
Chapter 24. Testing of Freezing Plants on Fishing Vessels 182
SOMMAIRE 182
1. TUNNEL FREEZER 183
2. CONTACT FREEZERS 184
3. CONTACT FREEZERS 185
Chapter 25. Refrigerating Equipment in the U. S. S. R. High-Seas Fisheries 188
SOMMAIRE 188
Chapter 26. La congélation rapide sur les chalutiers opérant dans les eaux tropicales 196
SUMMARY 196
DISCUSSION 203
Chapter 27. Installation frigorifique typique des chalutiers congélateurs italiens 208
SUMMARY 208
DISCUSSION 211
Section V: Miscellaneous Questions 216
Chapter 28. Developments in the Application of Automatic Temperature Control to Ships Refrigerated Spaces 216
SOMMAIRE 216
DISCUSSION 219
Chapter 29. Automatic Controls for Marine Refrigeration 220
SOMMAIRE 220
REFRIGERATED CARGO PLANTS 220
DIRECT EXPANSION REFRIGERATING PLANTS 223
AIR CONDITIONING OF LARGE PASSENGER LINERS 223
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 224
DISCUSSION 224
Chapter 30. Régulation automatique de la température de l'air de refoulement dans les cales d'un navire bananier 228
SUMMARY 228
1) — UTILITE DE LA REGULATION AUTOMATIQUE DE LA TEMPERATURE DE L'AIR DE REFOULEMENT DES NAVIRES BANANIERS 228
2) — CONDITIONS A REALISER POUR AVOIR UNE BONNE REGULATION 228
3) — CHOIX DU SYSTEME DE REGULATION 229
4) — CARACTERISTIQUES DU NAVIRE 229
5) — ETUDE DE L'EQUIPEMENT 229
6) — CARACTERISTIQUES DE L'EQUIPEMENT DE REGULATION 229
7) — REGULATION DE LA PRESSION DE LA SAUMURE 230
8) — REGULATION DE LA TEMPERATURE DE L'AIR 231
9) — MISE EN SERVICE 234
10) — EXPERIMENTATION PREALABLE 234
11) — RESULTATS OBTENUS 235
DISCUSSION 235
Chapter 31. Analogue Computer Calculations of Cooling Curves for Fruit on Board Ships 236
SOMMAIRE 236
INTRODUCTION 236
PHYSICAL FACTORS 236
DESCRIPTION OF ANALOGUE 237
RESULTS 239
REFERENCES 240
DISCUSSION 240
Chapter 32. Tainting of Fresh Fruits when Stored in Refrigerated Spaces Smelling of Diesel Oil or Paints 242
SOMMAIRE 242
EFFECT OF DIESEL OIL FUMES ON APPLES AND GRAPES 242
EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF 'DIESEL OIL SMELL 243
EFFECT OF DIESEL OIL ON ORANGES 243
EFFECT OF PAINT SMELL ON DECIDUOUS FRUITS 244
DISCUSSION 245
Chapter 33. Transport par mer des gaz de pétrole liquéfiés réfrigérés I. Etudethéorique. Il. Réalisations pratiques 246
SUMMARY 246
1 — BASES TECHNIQUES DU PROBLEME 247
2 — ISOLATION DES RESERVOIRS 253
SYMBOLES UTILISES 256
3 — ESSAIS 262
4 — EXPLOITATION — COMPORTEMENT EN SERVICE 263
5 — CONCLUSION 265
Chapter 34. Transport maritime du méthane 266
SUMMARY 266
I. CONTRIBUTION FRANÇAISE A L'ÉTUDE DES NAVIRES MÉTHANIERS 266
II. PRINCIPAUX PROBLÈMES SOULEVÉS PAR LA CONSTRUCTION DES NAVIRES MÉTHANIERS 267
Part III: Commission 9 274
Section VI: Research and Education in Refrigeration Locker Plants 276
Chapter 35. Research Institutes in Developing Countries 276
SOMMAIRE 276
DISCUSSION 278
Chapter 36. Educational Organization of Refrigeration Courses in Turkey 280
SOMMAIRE 280
EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF REFRIGERATION COURSES IN TURKEY 280
CONCLUSION 281
Chapter 37. Education of Managers of Refrigerated Warehouses in the United States of America 284
SOMMAIRE 284
DISCUSSION 285
Chapter 38. The Economic Impact of Refrigerated Food Lockers and Home Freezers in North America 288
SOMMAIRE 288
DISTRIBUTION OF FREEZER LOCKER PLANTS 290
SOME BASIC CONSIDERATIONS ON FREEZER LOCKERS AND HOME FREEZERS 290
WHAT SHOULD FROZEN FOOD COST PER POUND IN RELATION TO COMPETITIVE PRICES OF CANNED AND EVAPORATED FOODS 291
PRICES OF HOME REFRIGERATION UNITS 291
Chapter 39. Some Experiences with Locker Plants and Home Freezers in Denmark 298
SOMMAIRE 298
REFERENCES 300
Chapter 40. Future Marketing Aspects for Household Refrigerators in Europe 302
SOMMAIRE 302
FOREWORD 302
THE ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT 303
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSUMER VALUE 306
CONSUMER VALUE STANDARDS 309
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES 309
THE THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATOR 312
THE ABSORPTION REFRIGERATOR 312
PROGNOSIS 312
LITERATUR 313
DISCUSSION 313
Section VII: Education in Refrigeration 314
Chapter 41. The Training of Scientists and Engineers for the Refrigeration Industry 314
SOMMAIRE 314
INTRODUCTION 314
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 314
CHANGES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 314
THE CHANGING ROLE OF R AND D 315
THE EFFECT ON THE COLLEGES 316
GENERAL VERSUS SPECIALIZED CURRICULA 316
THE EFFECT ON INDUSTRY 317
THE COST OF R AND D IN THE REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY 318
DISCUSSION 318
Chapter 42. Higher Refrigerating Engineering Education in the USSR 320
SOMMAIRE 320
Chapter 43. The Present State of Teaching of Refrigeration for the Lower (Practical) and the Middle Level in Western Germany 324
SOMMAIRE 324
REFRIGERATION-TECHNICIANS 325
REFRIGERATION-ENGINEERS 325
NEW TEACHING METHODS AND PROPOSALS FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF REFRIGERATION-LABORATORIES FOR TEACHING PURPOSES 326
REFERENCES 326
DISCUSSION 326
Chapter 44. La formation professionelle du personnel pour l'industrie du froid en Pologne 328
SUMMARY 328
INTRODUCTION 328
FORMATION DES SPÉCIALISTES AVEC L'INSTRUCTION SUPÉRIEURE 329
FORMATION DES TECHNICIENS 330
LES AUTRES FORMES DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT 331
DISCUSSION 332
Chapter 45. L'enseignement des ingénieurs frigoristes en Yougoslavie 334
SUMMARY 334
LES PRINCIPES GÉNÉRAUX DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT TECHNIQUE EN YOUGOSLAVIE 334
LA FORMATION DES FRIGORISTES EN YOUGOSLAVIE 335
CONCLUSION 337
List of Participants in the Xlth International Congress of Refrigeration Liste des Participants au Xlème Congres International du Froid 338
Author Index - Liste des auteurs 358
Subject Index 362
Liste des sujets 377

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Thermodynamik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-2359-0 / 1483223590
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-2359-9 / 9781483223599