Chemical Transformations of Polymers (eBook)

R. Rado (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 1. Auflage
306 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8470-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Chemical Transformations of Polymers provides information pertinent to the fundamental structure and aspects of the chemical transformation of polymers. This book examines several experiments for the chemical transformation of polymers, which start from the assumption that the reactivity of a functional group in a macromolecule has to be similar as one in a low molecular compound.
Organized into 19 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various photochromic systems that have been used in polymer chemistry. This text then examines the three types of stable polymers with unpaired electrons, including polyradical ions, neutral polyradicals, and polymeric charge transfer complexes. Other chapters consider the kinetic laws and traits of migration mechanisms of free valence in the process of decay of free radicals in polymers. The final chapter deals with the complicated reaction of the degradation of polymers induced by the presence of metal compounds.
This book is a valuable resource for chemists, scientists, and physiochemical researchers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Chemical Transformations of Polymers 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7
CHAPTER 1. PHOTOCHROMIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLYMERIC SYSTEMS AND RELATED PHENOMENA 8
ABSTRACT 8
INTRODUCTION 8
1. PHOTOCHROMIC POL Y AZOMETHINES 9
2. PHOTOCHROMIC AZOBENZENES 11
3. PHOTOCHROMIC POLYTHIAZINE REDOX SYSTEM 13
4. PHOTOCHROMIC POLYSPIROBENZOPYRANES 14
PHOTORACEMIZATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE POLYMERS 28
CONCLUSION 30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 30
REFERENCES 30
CHAPTER 2. NETWORK FORMATION IN POLYMERIC MEDIA AND SOME NETWORK PROPERTIES 32
ABSTRACT 32
1. INTRODUCTION 32
2. NETWORK SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 33
3. PROPERTIES OF NETWORKS 35
4. GENERAL 46
REFERENCES 47
CHAPTER 3. DARSTELLUNG, EIGENSCHAFTEN UND ANWENDUNGEN VON STABILEN POLYMEREN MIT UNGEPAARTEN ELEKTRONEN 48
ABSTRACT 48
I. EINLEITUNG 48
II. NEUTRALE POLYRADIKALE 49
III. POLYRADIKALIONEN 58
III. POLYMERE ELEKTRONEN-DONATOR-ACCEPTOR-KOMPLEXE 61
LITERATUR 61
CHAPTER 4. THE DECAY OF FREE RADICALS IN POLYMER MEDIA 64
ABSTRACT 64
FORMAL KINETIC LAWS OF THE PROCESS 65
PECULIARITIES OF VARIOUS METHODS OF RADICAL GENERATION 69
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF FREE VALENCE MIGRATION 72
REFERENCES 82
CHAPTER 5. CONTROLLED PROPAGATION IN ASSOCIATED MONOMER AGGREGATES 84
ABSTRACT 84
I. BULK AND SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLIC ACID 84
II. OTHER SYSTEMS 89
CONCLUSION 92
REFERENCES 93
CHAPTER 6. PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN POLYMER PHOTOCHEMISTRY 94
ABSTRACT 94
INTRODUCTION 94
PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES AND EXCITED STATES IN ORGANIC MOLECULES 95
PHOTOPHYSICAL PROCESSES IN POLYMER MOLECULES 100
SOME APPLICATIONS TO POLYMER PHOTOCHEMISTRY 108
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 109
REFERENCES 109
CHAPTER 7. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF UNSATURATED POLYMERS 112
ABSTRACT 112
INTRODUCTION 112
1,4-POLYBUTADIENE 112
1,4-POLYISOPRENE 114
1,2-POLYBUTADIENE 117
3,4-POLYISOPRENE 119
POLYPENTENAMERS 120
CONCLUSION 123
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 124
REFERENCES 124
CHAPTER 8. RECENT WORK ON THE THERMAL DEGRADATION OF ACRYLATE AND METHACRYLATE HOMOPOLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS 126
ABSTRACT 126
REFERENCES 141
CHAPTER 9. FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN THE UV DEGRADATION AND STABILIZATION OF POLYMERS 142
ABSTRACT 142
STABILIZATION 146
REFERENCES 151
CHAPTER 10. SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIGHT PROTECTION OF POLYMERS 152
ABSTRACT 152
1. INTRODUCTION 152
2. PROBLEMS IN TESTING LIGHT STABILIZERS 153
3. THE LIGHT STABILITY OF UV-ABSORBERS 155
4. SYNERGISM BETWEEN UV-ABSORBERS AND ANTIOXID- ANTS 157
5. QUENCHING PROPERTIES OF UV-ABSORBERS 159
6. THE LONG WAVELENGTH ABSORPTION OF UV-ABSORBERS 161
7. p-HYDROXYBENZOATES AS LIGHT STABILIZERS 169
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 170
REFERENCES 170
CHAPTER 11. THE POLARITY OF POLYMER RADICALS 174
ABSTRACT 174
REFERENCES 179
CHAPTER 12. PEROXIDE CROSSLINKING REACTIONS OF POLYMERS 180
ABSTRACT 180
INTRODUCTION 180
UNSATURATED RUBBERS 181
SATURATED RUBBERS 182
PEROXIDES AND THEIR EFFICIENCIES 185
COAGENTS 186
REFERENCES 187
CHAPTER 13. SOME ASPECTS OF SOLID STATE POLYMERIZATION 188
ABSTRACT 188
1. INTRODUCTION 188
2. RADIATION-INDUCED POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL COMPOUNDS IN THE SUPERCOOLED LIQUID PHASE15 189
3. CATALYTIC POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL AND CYCLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOLID PHASE16 192
4. RADIATION-INDUCED POLYMERIZATION OFCYCLOHEXENE OXIDE IN A PLASTIC CRYSTAL19 201
5. SUMMARY 204
REFERENCES 204
CHAPTER 14. MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANES 206
ABSTRACT 206
SOLUTE REJECTION 207
MEMBRANE CLASSIFICATION 208
REACTIONS OF GRAFTING 209
PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBRANES 216
PERMSELECTIVE PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANES 217
CONCLUSIONS 221
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 222
REFERENCES 222
CHAPTER 15. SOME PROBLEMS OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MICROMODIFICATION OF POLYMER SYSTEMS 224
ABSTRACT 224
REFERENCES 235
CHAPTER 16. GRAFTING AND BRANCHING OF POLYMERS 236
ABSTRACT 236
I. BLOCK- AND GRAFT-COPOLYMERS 237
II. BRANCHED HOMOPOLYMERS 241
REFERENCES 244
CHAPTER 17. THE COMPARISON OF ANALOGOUS REACTIONS OF MACROMOLECULES WITH LOW-MOLECULAR MODELS 246
ABSTRACT 246
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 246
1. THE RACEMIZATION OF POLYMERS WITH ATROPISOMERIC DIPHENYL GROUPS5 248
2. EDA COMPLEXES OF SOME OLIGOESTERS AND MODEL COMPOUNDS12 256
3. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF N-CHLORO-POLYAMIDES20,21 265
REFERENCES 272
CHAPTER 18. MECHANISMS OF POLYMER STABILIZATION 274
ABSTRACT 274
INTRODUCTION 274
ANTIOXIDANT ENVIRONMENT IN THE POLYMER 275
DESIGN OF ANTIOXIDANTS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH SURFACE AREA PERFORMANCE 284
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISMS 287
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 296
REFERENCES 296
CHAPTER 19. THE ROLE OF METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 298
ABSTRACT 298
INTRODUCTION 298
OXIDATION BY Co(llI) COMPLEXES 300
AUTOXIDATION CATALYSED BY Co(Il) COMPLEXES 302
COMPARISON OF REACTIVITY OF OXIDATION AGENTS 305
REDUCTION INITIATION 305
REACTIONS OF COMPLEX-BONDED RADICALS 305
CONCLUSION 307
REFERENCES 307

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.3.2018
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8470-0 / 1483284700
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8470-5 / 9781483284705