Toxic Phosphorus Esters (eBook)

Chemistry, Metabolism, and Biological Effects

Richard D. O'Brien (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
446 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-7093-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Toxic Phosphorus Esters: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Biological Effects aims to become a source book on organophosphate research and show how the understanding of the events following organophosphate poisoning of animals can be understood in terms of events at the molecular level. The manuscript first offers information on nonenzymic reactions and the reaction with cholinesterase in vitro. Discussions focus on hydrolysis, isomerization, oxidation, phosphorylation of the enzyme, and selectivity for different cholinesterases. The text then examines enzymic degradation and activation in vitro, effects in mammals, and effects on isolated whole tissues. The publication ponders on the effects in insects and plants, including results of poisoning, metabolism, resistance, antagonism and synergism, and phytotoxicity. The text also reviews selective toxicity, as well as excretion and storage, metabolism, design of new selective compounds, and nature of the target. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in the composition, reactions, and effects of toxic phosphorus esters.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Toxic Phosphorus Esters: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Biological Effects 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Dedication 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Introduction 14
Plan of this Book 14
History 16
Nomenclature of Esterases and Organophosphates 21
Structure of Cholinesterase 26
Biological Significance of Cholinesterase 32
References 40
Chapter 2. Nonenzymic Reactions 42
Hydrolysis 42
Isomerization 65
Transalkylation 74
Oxidation 76
Dehydrohalogenation 80
Effects of Light 81
References 82
Chapter 3. The Reaction with Cholinesterase in Vitro 86
Phosphorylation of the Enzyme 86
Reversal of Inhibition (Reactivation) 112
Selectivity for Different Cholinesterases 121
Conclusion 123
References 123
Chapter 4. Enzymic Degradation and Activation in Vitro 128
Degradation 128
Activation 146
References 158
Chapter 5. Effects on Isolated Whole Tissues 162
Ion Permeability 162
Muscle Contraction 164
Nerve Transmission 167
References 185
Chapter 6. Effects in Mammals 188
Results of Poisoning 188
Protection and Therapy 207
Synergism ("Potentiation") 223
Metabolism and Residues in Intact Animals 230
References 248
Chapter 7. Effects in Insects 254
Results of Poisoning 254
Ovicidal Action 270
Distribution 
277 
Metabolism 281
Resistance 285
Antagonism and Synergism 294
References 297
Chapter 8. Effects in Plants 302
Systemic Activity 302
Metabolism 306
Residues 317
Phytotoxicity 319
References 323
Chapter 9. Selective Toxicity 328
Absorption 330
Excretion and Storage 332
Metabolism 333
Penetration to the Target 342
Nature of the Target 348
Design of New Selective Compounds 349
References 355
Chapter 10. Techniques 358
Radio Tracer Synthesis 359
Analysis 366
Spectroscopy 377
Refractive Index 386
Esterase Determinations 387
References 390
Appendix 1: Electronic Interpretations 394
The Underlying Concepts 394
The Inductive Effect 395
The Field Effect 399
The Mesomeric Effect 400
Appendix 2: Structure of Organophosphates 404
AUTHOR INDEX 414
SUBJECT INDEX 428

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-7093-9 / 1483270939
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-7093-7 / 9781483270937