Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production (eBook)

Jerome G. Morse (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
292 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-5686-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Developments in Economic Geology, 7: Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production elaborates on the status of applicable nuclear techniques used in mineral exploration and production. The selection first offers information on radiometric methods and X-ray analysis in mineral exploration. Discussions focus on gamma-ray spectrometry, radon detection, autoradiography of uranium and thorium, X-ray diffraction, and application of X-ray analysis. The text then examines X-ray fluorescence geochemical analysis on the surface of Mars and radioactivation methods, as well as nuclear geochemical measurements of planetary surface; radioactivation methods for mineral exploration; and radioactivation sources. The publication takes a look at nuclear well logging for petroleum and the potential of plowshare for resource development. Topics include natural radiation, induced logs, description of potential applications related to energy resources, and obstacles to the development of a commercial plowshare program in the U.S. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the use of nuclear techniques in mineral production and exploration.

Inhalt

Front Cover 
1 
Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Dedication 6
PREFACE 8
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 9
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 14
SUMMARY 17
REFERENCES 17
Chapter 2. RADIOMETRIC METHODS 18
INTRODUCTION 18
GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY 20
AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF URANIUM AND THORIUM 35
RADON DETECTION 41
CONCLUSIONS 46
REFERENCES 47
Chapter 3. X-RAY ANALYSIS IN MINERAL EXPLORATION 50
INTRODUCTION 50
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS 53
X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS 72
INSTRUMENTATION 79
APPLICATION OF X-RAY ANALYSIS 92
CONCLUSIONS 102
REFERENCES 104
Chapter 4. X-RAY FLUORESCENCE GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ON THE SURFACE OF MARS 106
INTRODUCTION 106
THE VIKING MISSION TO MARS 106
DESIGNING AN INSTRUMENT FOR SPACE 108
PREVIOUS NUCLEAR GEOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS OF PLANETARY SURFACE 111
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 113
METHODS OF DATA INTERPRETATION 117
MARS RESULTS 122
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 123
REFERENCES 123
Chapter 5. 
126 
INTRODUCTION 126
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 128
RADIOACTIVATION SOURCES 151
RADIOACTIVATION METHODS FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION 163
ONGOING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 204
REFERENCES 209
Chapter 6. 
214 
INTRODUCTION 214
NATURAL RADIATION 214
INDUCED LOGS 216
CONCLUSIONS 226
REFERENCES 226
Chapter 7. THE POTENTIAL OF PLOWSHARE FOR RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 228
INTRODUCTION 228
PHENOMENOLOGY 229
SUMMARY OF PNE CONTAINED UNDERGROUND EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED THROUGH 1975 240
DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS RELATED TO ENERGY RESOURCES 242
U.S.S.R. PROGRAM (Nordyke, 1975) 250
OBSTACLES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMERCIAL PLOWSHARE PROGRAM IN THE U.S. (Crump, 1975 Gahin, 1973)
REFERENCES 264
Appendix: FUNDAMENTALS OF ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 268
ATOMIC STRUCTURE 268
ISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVITY 271
PROPERTIES OF RAYS AND PARTICLES EMITTED BY RADIONUCLIDES 273
UNITS OF RADIOACTIVITY 279
THE NEUTRON 281
COMPOUND NUCLEUS 281
CROSS-SECTION 282
ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY 283
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY 284
REFERENCES 285
SUBJECT INDEX 286

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bergbau
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-5686-3 / 1483256863
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-5686-3 / 9781483256863