Instrumentation and Test Gear Circuits Manual (eBook)

R. M. Marston (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
436 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-0505-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Instrumentation and Test Gear Circuits Manual provides diagrams, graphs, tables, and discussions of several types of practical circuits. The practical circuits covered in this book include attenuators, bridges, scope trace doublers, timebases, and digital frequency meters. Chapter 1 discusses the basic instrumentation and test gear principles. Chapter 2 deals with the design of passive attenuators, and Chapter 3 with passive and active filter circuits. The subsequent chapters tackle 'bridge' circuits, analogue and digital metering techniques and circuitry, signal and waveform generation, and power-supply generation. A variety of specialized items of test gear, such as bargraph meters, probes, go/no-go testers, capacitance and frequency meters, transistor testers, Q-meters, and oscilloscope accessories, are also presented in this text. This book will be most useful to industrial, commercial, electronics engineer and designer.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Instrumentation and Test Gear Circuits Manual 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Basic principles 10
Basic terminology 10
Types of test gear 14
'Generator' types 14
'Indicator' accuracy 17
'Indicator' types 19
'Composite' test gear types 24
Electrical 'standards' types 26
Test gear: to buy or build? 27
Basic test gear circuit elements 28
Chapter 2. Attenuator circuits 30
Attenuator basics 30
Voltage ranging 33
Frequency compensation 35
An 'L'-type ladder attenuator 38
Matched-resistance attenuators 40
Switched attenuators 44
Chapter 3. Filter circuits 51
Passive C-R filters 51
Band-pass and notch filters 54
The 'twin-T' filter 57
C—R component selection 62
Resonant L—C filters 63
Low-pass and high-pass L—C filters 66
C—R active filters 69
Variable active filters 74
Tone and notch filters 76
A THD (distortion) meter 78
Active filter component selection 80
Chapter 4. Bridges and C-R boxes 81
Bridge basics 81
Wheatstone bridge variations 85
'Resolution' and 'precision' 89
Service-type C and L bridges 90
'Precision' C and L bridges 93
A precision L—C—R bridge 100
Special bridge circuits 103
A precision resistance-matching bridge 106
Resistor-matching bridge applications 108
R and C boxes 109
A Potentiometrie voltmeter 112
Chapter 5. Basic meter and multimeter circuits 116
Moving-coil meter basics 116
Measuring the coil resistance 118
Designing D.C. voltmeters 120
Extending current ranges 122
The universal shunt circuit 124
The swamp resistor 125
A.C. voltmeters 126
A.C. current measurement 130
Which rectifier diodes? 131
The series-type ohmmeter 134
The parallel-type ohmmeter 137
Meter overload protection 138
Multi-function meters 139
Analogue multimeters (VOMs) 140
Using a multimeter 142
Special types of meter 144
Chapter 6. Electronic analogue meter circuits 148
FET voltmeters 148
Basic op-amp D.C. meter circuits 150
Multi-range D.C. meter circuits 153
D.C. millivoltmeter circuits 156
A.C. voltmeter basics 160
Transistor A.C. meter circuits 163
Op-amp A.C. meter circuits 166
Op-amp limitations 169
Circuit variations 171
Multi-range A.C. meters 174
A.C/D.C. converter circuits 175
Special A . C / D . C converters 179
True-r.m.s. converters 183
A.C. millivoltmeter circuits 187
Linear-scale ohmmeter basics 191
An 18-range ohmmeter circuit 193
A 21-range multi-function ohmmeter 195
An electronic analogue multimeter 197
A low-value ohmmeter 199
Chapter 7. Digital panel meter circuits 203
Digital panel meter basics 203
Practical DPMs 206
Basic DPM configurations 209
Some finer points 212
TEST & BP
Practical DPM applications 217
A.C. volt and current meters 220
Ohmmeters 222
A 25-range digital multimeter (DMM) 224
Digital thermometers 224
Transistor-sensor circuits 225
Calibration procedure 228
IC-sensor circuits 228
Digital capacitance meter basics 230
A practical capacitance meter 231
A precision capacitance meter 233
Frequency measurement 234
Practical frequency meters 236
Miscellaneous applications 242
Constructional notes 245
Chapter 8. Sine-wave generator circuits 246
Oscillator basics 246
Wien bridge oscillator basics 247
Transistor oscillator circuits 249
Op-amp oscillator circuits 253
Linear AGC circuits 255
Wide-range oscillator circuits 258
Twin-T oscillators 261
Sine-wave synthesizers 262
ICL8038 basics 265
Sine-wave distortion 267
Supplies and circuits 268
XR-2206 circuits 270
L—C oscillator circuits 273
Circuit variations 275
Chapter 9. Square and pulse waveform generators 280
Square-wave basics 280
Sine-to-square conversion 281
Transistor astable circuits 282
Op-amp square-wave generators 284
CMOS astable basics 287
Astable variations 289
'Ring-of-three' astable 290
The CMOS 'Schmitt' astable 291
TTL Schmitt astable circuits 292
4046B VCO circuits 292
555 astable circuits 294
Mark—space control 296
Pulse generator circuits 298
Pulse generator basics 298
'Half-mono' pulse generator circuits 300
Circuit variants 302
4001B/4011B CMOS monostable circuits 304
4047B and 4098B CMOS monostables 306
The 74121 TTL monostable 307
555-based pulse generators 315
Chapter 10. Special waveform generator circuits 318
Linear triangle-wave generators 318
A UJT linear sawtooth generator 320
555 linear sawtooth generators 322
White-noise generators 325
Pink noise 327
Crystal oscillators 328
Multi-decade crystal calibrators 333
A linear staircase generator 334
Chapter 11. D.C. power-supply circuits 338
A.C./D.C. converter basics 338
Basic power-supply circuits 340
Transformer—rectifier selection 342
The filter capacitor 343
Zener-based voltage regulator 344
Fixed three-terminal regulator circuits 345
Voltage variation 347
Current boosting 349
Variable three-terminal regulator circuits 350
Switched-mode regulator basics 352
L296 circuits 353
Voltage-converter basics 355
High-voltage generation 358
The ICL7660 360
ICL7660 circuits 361
Chapter 12. Miscellaneous test gear circuits 366
LED bar-graph basics 366
LM3914 basic principles 367
Dot-mode LM3914 circuits 369
LM3914 bar-mode voltmeters 372
20-LED voltmeters 373
Diode and transistor testers 376
TTL logic checkers 379
Go/no-go testers 381
Window comparators 385
Current- and resistance-activated circuits 386
Instrument probes 389
RF probes 392
RF sniffers and tell-tales 395
Special analogue meter circuits 398
Non-linear (semi-log) amplifier 402
Extra-useful test rigs 403
A pseudo Q-meter 406
'Scope accessories 407
Practical trace multipliers 410
A triggered time base 414
A digital frequency meter 418
Pre-amplifiers and prescalers 422
Appendix: Design charts 426
Frequency-period-wavelength conversion chart 426
Symmetrical twin-T or Wien-bridge component selection charts 426
L – C tuned circuit component selection chart 430
Index 434

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-0505-9 / 1483105059
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-0505-5 / 9781483105055