Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics (eBook)

International Series on Materials Science and Technology

R. K. Dube, G. S. Upadhyaya (Autoren)

D. W. Hopkins (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
270 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-3993-7 (ISBN)

Infos

Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics provides an illustration of the calculations encountered in the study of metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics, focusing on theoretical concepts and practical applications.
The chapters of this book provide comprehensive account of the theories, including basic and applied numerical examples with solutions. Unsolved numerical examples drawn from a wide range of metallurgical processes are also provided at the end of each chapter.
The topics discussed include the three laws of thermodynamics; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; fugacity, activity, and equilibrium constant; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; and kinetics.
This book is beneficial to undergraduate and postgraduate students in universities, polytechnics, and technical colleges.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 12
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 14
CHAPTER 1. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 18
1.1 Heat Content or Enthalpy 18
1.2 Heat Capacity 20
1.3 Thermochemistry and its Application in Metallurgy 21
1.4 Hess's Law 24
1.5 Variation of Enthalpy Change with Temperature 26
1.6 Maximum Reaction Temperature : Flame Temperature 31
Exercises 35
CHAPTER 2. THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS : ENTROPY AND FREE ENERGY 46
2.1 Entropy 46
2.2 Entropy Change for a Reversible Process 47
2.3 Entropy Change for an Irreversible Process 47
2.4 Entropy Change for a Chemical Reaction 48
2.5 Variation of Entropy Change with Temperature 49
2.6 Criterion of Spontaneity based on Entropy 51
2.7 Free Energy 59
2.8 Criterion of Spontaneity based on Free Energy 60
2.9 Calculation of Free Energy Change 61
2.10 Calculation of AG at High Temperatures 67
2.11 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Functions 74
2.12 Gibbs-Relmholtz Equation 75
Exercises 80
CHAPTER 3. THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 87
3.1 Statement of the Law 87
3.2 Application 87
Exercises 91
CHAPTER 4. THE CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION 94
4.1 Introduction 94
4.2 Application of Clausius-Clapeyron Equation to Phase Changes 94
4.3 Trouton's Rule 101
Exercises 103
CHAPTER 5. FUGACITY, ACTIVITY AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT 107
5.1 Fugacity 107
5.2 Activity 107
5.3 Equilibrium Constant 108
5.4 Vanft Hoff Equation 120
Exercises 125
CHAPTER 6. SOLUTIONS : I 131
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Partial Molar Quantities 133
6.3 Gibbs-Duhem Equation 135
6.4 Determination of Partial Molar Quantities from Molar Quantities 136
6.5 Raoultls Law : Ideal Solutions 139
6.6 Non-Ideal Solutions : Concept of Activity Coefficient 145
6.7 Henry rs Law : Dilute Solutions 147
6.8 Alternative Standard States 148
Exercises 155
CHAPTER 7. SOLUTIONS: II 161
7.1 Sievert's Law 161
7.2 Mixing Functions 163
7.3 Excess Functions 165
7.4 Regular Solutions 167
7.5 Application of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation 171
7.6 Multicomponent Solutions 188
Exercises 194
CHAPTER 8. THE THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS 202
8.1 Introduction 202
8.2 Determination of Thermodynamic Quantities 203
8.3 Electrochemical Cells based on Solid Electrolytes 212
Exercises 217
CHAPTER 9. KINETICS 220
9.1 Introduction 220
9.2 Effect of Concentration on the Reaction Rate 220
9.3 Effect of Temperature on the Reaction Rate 224
9.4 Determination of the Order of Reaction 226
9.5 Theories of Reaction Kinetics 234
9.6 Rate of Heterogeneous Reactions 238
Exercises 242
APPENDIX 1: SI UNITS 248
APPENDIX 2: CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS 251
APPENDIX 3: MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS 253
BIBLIOGRAPHY 259
ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES 261
INDEX 267
OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES 270

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Thermodynamik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-3993-X / 148313993X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-3993-7 / 9781483139937