Geophysical Case Study of the Woodlawn Orebody, N.S.W., Australia (eBook)

The First Publication of Methods and Techniques Tested over a Base Metal Orebody of the Type which Yields the Highest Rate of Return on Mining Investment with Modest Capital Requirements

R. J. Whiteley (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
615 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8561-0 (ISBN)

Infos

The Woodlawn orebody is located in eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is one of an important class of massive, copper-lead-zinc, stratiform volcanogenic mineral deposits and has reserves of about 10 million tonnes of ore. Deposits such as Woodlawn are the object of considerable worldwide exploitation effort because they yield the highest rate of return on mining investment with modest capital requirements. This detailed geophysical case study contains individual contributions by professionals from diverse backgrounds (industry, government and university) and includes the latest geophysical methods. It is the only detailed geophysical study of an economic sulphide deposit ever undertaken for educational purposes

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Geophysical Case Study of the Woodlawn Orebody New South Wales, Australia 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 16
Foreword 8
Preface 12
Acknowledgements 15
Part 1: Introduction and Summary 22
Chapter 1.1 Brief Description of the Woodlawn Deposit and Summary of Geophysical Responses 24
The Woodlawn Deposit 24
The Black Shale 32
Part 2: Exploration History 34
Chapter 2.1 Exploration History of the Woodlawn Orebody: Discovery to Development 36
Exploration History 36
Drilling Results and Metallurgy 37
Legal and Environmental Aspects 38
Ownership and Development 39
Geological Hypotheses 40
Part 3: Regional and Local Setting 44
Chapter 3.1 Regional Mineralization and Geophysics of the Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales 46
Introduction 47
Nature and Distribution of the Mineralization 48
Bouguer Gravity–eastern Lachlan Fold Belt 53
Woodlawn–Captains Flat area 58
Conclusions 66
References 68
Chapter 3.2 Geology, Geochemistry and Setting of the Woodlawn Deposit 72
Abstract 73
Introduction 74
Geological Setting 80
Factors Contributing to Geophysical Response 84
Superficial Cover 93
Geochemical Expression 94
Black Shale Locality 97
References 100
Part 4: Prediscovery Geophysical Surveys 102
Chapter 4.1 Early Geophysical Exploration of the Woodlawn Orebody 104
Abstract 104
Introduction 105
Discussion of Results 108
Summary and Conclusions 120
Part 5: Physical Property Measurements 122
5.1 Physical Properties of the Woodlawn Orebody and Surrounding Rocks 124
Abstract 124
Introduction 125
Physical Property Measurements on Drill Core 126
In Situ Physical Property Measurements in Drill Holes 132
Resistivity of Overburden 133
Specific Gravity 133
Conclusions 134
Acknowledgements 136
References 136
Part 6: Airborne Geophysical Surveys 138
Chapter 6.1 Review of Helicopter Electromagnetic Data over the Woodlawn Orebody 140
Abstract 140
Introduction 141
Interpretation 142
Survey at Woodlawn 143
Conclusions 147
Reference 147
Chapter 6.2 Input Results over Woodlawn 148
Abstract 148
Introduction 148
Equipment and Field Procedures 149
Discussion of Results 151
Summary and Conclusions 156
References 160
6.3 Response of the Woodlawn Orebody to the DIGHEM II System 162
Abstract 162
Introduction 163
The DIGHEM II Multicoil System 164
Results 168
Conclusions 170
References 171
Part 7: Ground Geophysical Surveys: Electromagnetic Methods 172
Part 1: Continuous Wave, Remote Source Methods 174
Chapter 7.1 Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Profiles at Woodlawn 176
Abstract 176
Introduction 177
Survey at Woodlawn 178
Equipment and Field Procedures 180
Results Station NDT
Results Station NWC
Black Shale Area 187
Conclusions 188
References 189
Chapter 7.2 Three Audio Frequency Magnetic Traverses across the Woodlawn Orebody 190
Abstract 190
Introduction 191
Equipment and Field Procedures 192
Results 192
Discussion and Conclusions 196
Acknowledgments 197
References 197
Part 2:Continuous Wave, Near Source Methods 198
Chapter 7.3 Audio Magnetotelluric Measurements on the Woodlawn Orebody using a Grounded Dipole Source 200
Abstract 200
The Audio Magnetotelluric Method 201
Application of AMT Using Artificial Source Fields to Massive Sulfide Exploration 201
Equipment Used at Woodlawn 202
Discussion of Results 204
Conclusions 207
Reference 210
Chapter 7.4 Vertical Loop, Dip Angle Electromagnetic Traverses at Woodlawn 212
Abstract 212
Introduction 212
Survey at Woodlawn 214
Broadside Results 214
Fixed Transmitter Results 215
Conclusions 217
References 217
Chapter 7.5 Slingram Electromagnetic Surveys of the Woodlawn Orebody and the Black Shale 218
Abstract 218
Introduction 219
Field Measurements 219
Results at Woodlawn 219
Results at the Black Shale 225
Conclusions 227
References 227
Chapter 7.6 Slingram Scale Modelling of the Woodlawn Orebody 230
Abstract 230
Introduction 231
The Woodlawn Scale Models 234
Equipment and Modelling Procedure 234
Model Results and Interpretation 235
Conclusions 241
Chapter 7.7 Large Loop Turam Electromagnetic Survey of the Woodlawn Orebody 246
Abstract 246
Introduction 247
Survey at Woodlawn 247
Data Reduction 248
Discussion of Results 249
Conclusions 258
Acknowledgements 258
References 258
Chapter 7.8 Experimental Small Loop (Turam) Electromagnetic Surveys at Woodlawn 260
Abstract 260
Introduction 261
Survey at Woodlawn 262
Discussion of Results 263
Results at the Black Shale near Woodlawn 279
Conclusions 280
Acknowledgements 282
References 282
Part 3: Pulse Transient Methods 284
Chapter 7.9 Ground Pulse Electromagnetic Survey, Woodlawn 286
Abstract 286
Introduction 287
Field Procedure 287
Results and Discussion 288
Conclusions 294
Reference 294
Chapter 7.10 Electromagnetic Pulse Survey of the Woodlawn Orebody 296
Abstract 296
Introduction 296
Equipment, Field Procedures and Data Processing 298
Traverse Locations 301
Discussion of Results 301
Summary and Conclusions 305
References 306
Chapter 7.11 Transient Electromagnetic Test Surveys and Scale Model Studies of the Woodlawn Orebody with MPPO 1 Equipment 308
Abstract 309
Introduction 309
Physical Properties of Orebody & Host Rocks
The TEM Method 310
Equipment 310
Results 311
Regional Survey 312
Scale Model Study 317
Conclusions 321
Acknowledgement 321
References 321
Appendix 1 322
Chapter 7.12 A Survey of the Woodlawn Orebody with an Experimental Transient Electromagnetic System 324
Abstract 324
Introduction 325
The Experimental TEM System 326
The New CSIRO Instrument 328
Electromagnetic Noise Interference at Woodlawn 328
Location of Traverses 329
Survey Results 329
Variation of the TEM Response from North to South along the Orebody 337
Characteristics of the TEM Decay Curves 340
The Effect of Loop Size on the Decay Curves 341
Comparison of the TEM Response of the Black Shaleand the Woodlawn Orebody 343
Conclusions 344
References 345
Part 8: Ground Geophysical Surveys: Electrical Methods 346
Chapter 8.1 Self potential Survey of the Woodlawn Orebody 348
Abstract 348
Introduction 349
Equipment and Field Procedures 350
Conclusions 354
References 357
Chapter 8.2 Resistivity and Induced Polarization Measurements with Dipole-Dipole and Gradient Arrays, Woodlawn 360
Abstract 360
Introduction 361
Dipole-Dipole Survey 362
Gradient Array Survey 367
Detailed Gradient Array Survey 370
Conclusions 374
Chapter 8.3 Electrical Profiling with a Number of Arrays at Woodlawn 376
Abstract 376
Introduction 377
Surface Profiling, Line G 384
Downhole to surface array 396
Summary and Conclusions 398
References 400
Chapter 8.4 Field Study of First- and Second-order TransientInduced Polarization Effects and Electromagnetic Coupling at Woodlawn 402
Abstract 403
Introduction 403
Review of Recent Research 404
Relevant Geological and Petrophysical Factors 406
Transient Decay Curve Measurements at Woodlawn 411
Equispaced Three Array 419
Dipole-Dipole Array 430
Gradient Array 438
Decay Curve Parameters Versus Conventional IP Parameters 444
Discussions and Conclusions 445
Acknowledgements 448
References 449
Chapter 8.5 Phase Angle Induced Polarization Survey and Computer Modelling of the Woodlawn Orebody 450
Abstract 451
Introduction 451
Comparison of IP Parameters 453
Coupling and Phase Angle 455
Equipment and Field Procedures 457
Results and Discussion 458
Line G 459
Lines J and . 461
Computer Model Comparison – Line J 463
Line . 467
Black Shale 468
Computer Model Comparison – Black Shale 469
Conclusions 473
References 474
Chapter 8.6 Magnetic Induced Polarization Survey at Woodlawn 478
Abstract 479
Introduction 479
The Magnetic Induced Polarization Method 479
Parameters Recorded 481
Results from Woodlawn 485
Results from the Black Shale 491
Discussion 493
Conclusions 497
Acknowledgement 497
References 498
Part 9: Ground Geophysical Surveys: Magnetic and Gravity Methods 500
Chapter 9.1 Ground Magnetic Surveys at Woodlawn 502
Abstract 502
Introduction 503
Data Collection 503
Data Presentation 503
Interpretation 505
Conclusions 509
Acknowledgements 510
Reference 510
Chapter 9.2 Gravity Surveys at Woodlawn 512
Abstract 512
Introduction 513
Survey Methods and Data Reduction 513
Results 516
Conclusions 519
Acknowledgement 520
References 520
Part 10: Ground Geophysical Surveys: Seismic Refraction 522
Chapter 10.1 Shallow Seismic Refraction Survey of the Woodlawn Orebody 524
Abstract 524
Introduction 525
Results 526
Conclusions 533
References 533
Part 11: Downhole Geophysical Surveys 534
Chapter 11.1 Surface and Downhole Applied Potential (Mise-a-la-Masse) Surveys of the Woodlawn 536
Abstract 536
Introduction 537
Geological Model 537
Field Procedures and Equipment 538
Discussion of Surface Applied Potential Results 538
Down Hole Data Collection 539
Interpretation 539
Conclusions 544
Acknowledgements 545
References 545
Chapter 11.2 Drill Hole Electrical and Gamma Radiation Surveys at Woodlawn 546
Abstract 546
Introduction 547
Geophysical Techniques 547
Results and Discussion 549
Conclusions 556
Acknowledgement 557
References 557
Chapter 11.3 Drill Hole Resistivity and Induced Polarization Logging at Woodlawn 558
Abstract 559
Introduction 559
Logging Technique 560
Geological and Petrophysical Features Affecting in situ Electrical Measurements 563
Electrical Properties from Laboratory Testing of Drill Core Samples 565
Resistivity and IP Logs from W276 565
Resistivity Logs from W57 572
Summary and Conclusions 579
Acknowledgements 581
References 581
Chapter 11.4 Downhole Electromagnetic Surveys at Woodlawn 584
Abstract 584
Introduction 585
Geophysical Background 585
Survey Details 588
Conclusions 602
Acknowlodgement 604
Reference 604
Author Index 606
Subject Index 608
Authors, Titles and Affiliations 614

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.5.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bergbau
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8561-8 / 1483285618
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8561-0 / 9781483285610