Working Models of Human Perception (eBook)

Ben A.G. Elsendoorn (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
514 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8848-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book devotes attention to both theoretical and applied problems simultaneously. Many applied problems turn out to be very difficult and they often need deep theoretical insight in order to get solved. In fact, applied problems often serve as a source of inspiration for theoretical work, since they usually are beyond reach of present theories and may show us in what direction theories need to be developed.The layout of the book is a reflection of the three main areas of research at the Institute for Perception Research: Hearing and Speech, Vision and Reading, Cognition and Communication. Following the set-up of the workshop, the organization of the papers is in pairs, such that the odd-numbered chapters are generally reactions to the even-numbered chapters.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Working Models of Human Perception 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Contributors 6
Preface 12
Part I: Overture 16
Chapter 1. Perception and Language 18
1 Introduction 18
2 Historical interlude 21
3 Interactions of perception and language 22
4 The language of perception 24
5 The perception of language 26
6 Conclusion 29
References 31
Part II: Hearing and Speech 34
Chapter 2. Updating Cochlear Driven Models of Auditory Perception: A New Model for Nonlinear Auditory Frequency Analysing Filters 36
1 Introduction 36
2 Cochlear nonlinear frequency analysis 38
3 Auditory nerve data on rate and synchrony suppression 39
4 The BPNL model 46
5 The MBPNL model 52
6 Level-dependent branch switching 56
7 Level-dependent frequency selectivity of the MBPNL filter 61
8 Correlations with psychophysical tuning curves 64
Acknowledgments 70
References 71
Chapter 3. Current Developments in Peripheral Auditory Frequency Analysis 76
1 Introduction 76
2 Current cochlear biophysics 77
3 Auditory nonlinearity: converging approaches 79
4 Conclusion 81
References 81
Chapter 4. Links between Voice Pattern Perception and Production 84
1 Introduction 84
2 Speech models 84
3 Consequences of an auditory pattern model 86
4 Individual strategies 88
5 Normal development 93
6 Speech development in deaf children 100
7 Speech pattern processing by deaf adults 103
8 Speech pathology 106
9 Man-machine interface 106
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
Chapter 5. Some Remarks on Adrian Fourcin's 'Links between Voice Pattern Perception and Production' 110
1 Introduction 110
2 Auditory and vocal tract models 110
3 Assessment of roles 111
4 Simplifying substitute information 112
5 Evidence from cochlear implant performance 115
References 116
Chapter 6. Speech Coding and Human Speech Perception 118
1 Introduction 118
2 Evolution of speech coding methods 119
3 Subjective performance of speech coders 121
4 Perceptual issues in waveform coders 123
5 Perception driven speech coding 126
6 Beyond power spectrum 132
7 New ear models 138
8 Conclusions 141
References 141
Chapter 7. Speech Coding, Speech Synthesis and Voice Quality 144
1 Introduction 144
2 Acoustical correlates of perceived voice quality 145
3 Perceptual integration 151
4 Using models of glottal behaviour 151
5 Conclusion 153
References 153
Chapter 8. Phonetic Invariance and the Adaptive Nature of Speech 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Is phonetic invariance articulatory, acoustic or auditory? 157
3 Systematic nature of phonetic variability: the hyper-hypo dimension 171
4 How do we account for these experimental findings? 177
5 On-line processes in the light of typological evidence on phonetic systems 181
6 Coda: the biology and technology of speech 186
References 186
Chapter 9. Discussion of Björn Lindblom's 'Phonetic Invariance and the Adaptive Nature of Speech' 192
1 Introduction 192
2 Parallels between biology and linguistics 192
3 The lesson of adaptive variability 197
4 Conclusion 199
References 199
Part III: Vision and Reading 202
Chapter 10. Directional Image Coding in the Context of a Visual Model 204
1 Introduction 204
2 Directional decomposition 205
3 Coding strategy 208
4 Edge detection 209
5 Edge position coding 215
6 Edge profile extraction and coding 218
7 Linear prediction 223
8 Reconstruction and post-filtering 230
9 Results 232
10 Conclusions 239
References 240
Chapter 11. Human Visual Perception in Image Coding: A Comment to Murat Kunt 242
1 Introduction 242
2 Basic concepts of image coding 242
3 Threshold coding 244
4 Suprathreshold coding 247
References 248
Chapter 12. Models and Experiments on Directional Selectivity 250
1 Introduction 250
2 Models 250
3 Experiments 256
4 Transient versus sustained channels 263
5 Further reading 263
Acknowledgments 263
References 264
Chapter 13. A Discussion of Models of Motion Perception 268
1 Introduction 268
2 Local models for movement detection 269
3 Global effects 273
Acknowledgments 274
References 275
Chapter 14. Visual Acuity, Lexical Structure, and Eye Movements in Word Recognition 278
1 Why study visual word perception? 278
2 Lexical constraints 279
3 Acuity and word recognition 283
4 Eye movements in word recognition 294
5 Conclusion 305
References 306
Chapter 15. Convenient Viewing and Normal Reading 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Fast and slow processes in normal reading 311
3 Lateral interaction versus resolution 313
4 Word recognition 315
5 The use of letters in word recognition 319
6 Relation to CVP studies 325
7 Information distribution and CVP 325
8 Conclusion 330
References 330
Part IV: Cognition and Communication 334
Chapter 16. The Need for Theories of NOT Reading: Some Psychological Aspects of the Human-Computer Interface 336
1 From the interface to psychology 336
2 Interface requirements for electronic books 337
3 Theories of NOT reading 341
4 HCI as a research domain 350
References 354
Chapter 17. Reading as Goal-Driven Behaviour 358
1 Reading between psychology and ergonomics 358
2 Origins 359
3 Screen versus sheet 367
4 Reading for needs 369
5 Conclusion 376
References 376
Chapter 18. How Good a Bet is the Likelihood Principle? 380
1 Introduction 380
2 Principles 381
3 Inference-based likelihood 385
4 Knowledge-based organization 388
References 395
Chapter 19. Simplicity Is Not Enough 398
1 Introduction 398
2 The principles compared 398
3 Simplicity 402
4 Some further arguments 403
5 Conclusion 405
6 Postscript 405
References 406
Chapter 20. The Chunking of Skill and Knowledge 408
1 Introduction 408
2 SOAR 409
3 Chunking 411
4 Skill acquisition 413
5 Knowledge acquisition 417
6 Conclusions 424
References 425
Chapter 21. A Discussion of 'The Chunking of Skill and Knowledge' by Paul S· Rosenbloom, John E. Laird & Allen Newell
1 Introduction 428
2 Cognitive architecture versus psychological theory 428
3 Implementation issues 430
4 Modularity of functional elements 431
5 Parallelism 432
6 Experimental data and SOAR 432
7 Motivation 433
8 Representation of the external world (and the task space) 434
9 Conclusion from a subjective point of view 434
References 435
Chapter 22. Towards a Dynamic Interpretation Theory of Utterances in Dialogue 436
1 Introduction 436
2 Pragmatic interpretation in information dialogues 440
3 Communicative functions in different situations 446
4 Dynamic semantics 450
5 Dynamic Logic and natural language 454
6 Towards an integrated dynamic interpretation theory 460
7 Conclusion 470
References 471
Chapter 23. Context and Information in Dynamic Semantics 474
1 Introduction 474
2 Context and information 475
3 Anaphora and compositionality 480
4 Context and information in DPL 482
5 Limitations of DPL and how to overcome them 489
6 Hyper-Dynamic Predicate Logic 496
7 Dynamic Montague grammar 498
8 Concluding remarks 501
References 502
Part V: Finale 504
Chapter 24. Working Models of Perception Five General Issues
1 Introduction 506
2 Issue 1: How do models of perception handle convergence in real time? 507
3 Issue 2: How, in models of perception, are structure and function determining of process? 511
4 Issue 3: What is the learnability status of models of perception? 513
5 Issue 4: The management of input 516
6 Issue 5: What is general and what is specific in perceptual architecture? 518
7 Epilogue 519
References 520
Author index 522
Subject index 530

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Test in der Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8848-X / 148328848X
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8848-2 / 9781483288482