Advances in Geophysical Research (eBook)

Volume 2

Editorial Committee of Advances in Geoph (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
352 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8044-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Advances in Geophysical Research, Vol. 2 introduces the theoretical and applied research on geophysics and seismology, earthquake prediction, and instrumentation in China. This book discusses the frictional resistance of fault slip; analysis of hypocenter location capability of a regional seismic network; and experimental study of electromagnetic emission during rock fracture. The possible triggering mechanism for a type of earthquake swarms; geographical distribution of the gravitational oceanic tidal load on the BTTZ area and mainland, China; and isostasy and crustal structure of Panzhihua-Xiehang Region in Southwestern China are also deliberated. This text likewise covers model 763 long-period seismograph and earthquake prediction research. This publication is a good reference for students and researchers aiming to acquire knowledge on the geophysics and seismology in China.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysical Research 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 5
PREFACE 7
CHAPTER 1. FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF FAULT SLIP 9
Abstract 9
Introduction 9
Frictional strength of fault motion 11
Conclusion and Discussion 16
Acknowledgements 16
References 16
Appendix A 18
Appendix B 19
CHAPTER 2. A GENERALIZED REFLECTION-TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT METHOD FOR ACOUSTIC LOGS 27
Abstract 27
Introductioii 27
Formal Solutions of Acoustic Field 27
The Boundary Conditions and Generalized Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 29
The Acoustic Wave Field in the Axfaymmetric Multilayer Cyfindric Medium 31
Conclusions 33
References 33
CHAPTER 3. SIMULTANEOUS INVERSION OF EARTHQUAKE HYPOCENTERS AND VELOCITY STRUCTURE (I)—THEORY AND METHOD 37
Abstract 37
Introduction 37
Theory 38
Method 41
Discussion 44
References 45
CHAPTER 4. A CATALOGUE OF CHINESE EARTHQUAKES(M> 6.5) FROM 1900 TO 1948 WITH UNIFORM MAGNITUDES
Abstract 47
Introduction 47
Magnitude Scale 48
Data Analysis and Magnitude Determination 49
Results and Discussion 51
References 52
CHAPTER 5. ANALYSIS OF HYPOCENTER LOCATION CAPABILITY OF A REGIONAL SEISMIC NETWORK 65
Abstract 65
Introduction 65
Analysis Method 66
Analysis of the Results 68
Conclusion 69
Acknowledgements 69
References 69
CHAPTER 6. THE EFFECT OF LOADING HISTORY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION IN ROCKS: AN APPLICATION TO THE DISCUSSION ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF RESERVOIR IMPOUNDING EARTHQUAKES 73
Abstract 73
Introduction 73
Experimental Study of the Influence of Loading History on Acoustic Emission in Rock Samples 74
Discussion on the Cause of Reservoir Impounding Earthquakes 75
References 76
CHAPTER 7. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION DURING ROCK FRACTURE 81
Abstract 81
Experimental Condition 81
Experimental Results 84
Signal Examination 85
Discussion 86
Acknowledgements 87
References 87
CHAPTER 8. DETERMINATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF GABBRO BY DOUBLE TORSIONAL METHOD 93
Abstract 93
Introduction 93
Experimental Principles of the Double Torsional Technique 94
Experiment Equipment and Method 95
Experiment Results 96
Conclusions 98
References 99
CHAPTER 9. IN SITU EXPERIMENTS OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY CHANGES 105
Abstract 105
Introduction 105
Experimental Techniques 106
Results of Experiments 108
Discussion 110
References 111
CHAPTER 10. STUDY OF THE PREPARATORY PROCESS OF A STRONG EARTHQUAKE BY THE CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHOD 117
Abstract 117
Introduction 117
Data Analysis and Feature Selection 118
Cluster Analysis Method 119
Result and Discussion 120
Conclusion 122
References 122
CHAPTER 11. ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX EARTHQUAKES AND SOURCE PROCESSES OF LONGLING 127
Abstract 127
Introduction 127
Surface Wave Analysis 128
P-Wave Study on the First Large Event 128
Conclusions and Discussions 130
Acknowledgements 131
References 131
CHAPTER 12. THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE PROCESS FOR THE 1976 TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE 139
Abstract 139
Three-Dimensional Mechanical Model 139
Theoretical Calculation 140
Discussion and Conclusion 142
References 145
CHAPTER 13. A POSSIBLE TRIGGERING MECHANISM FOR A TYPE OF EARTHQUAKE SWARMS 147
Abstract 147
Introduction 147
Characteristics of the Swarm Activities 147
A Possible Triggering Mechanism 148
Discussion 150
Acknowledgement 150
References 150
CHAPTER 14. SEISMIC GAPS AND "IMMINENT EARTHQUAKES" 155
Abstract 155
Introduction 155
Two Kinds of Seismic Gaps 156
Imminent Earthquakes 157
The Mechanism of Preparation Gaps and Imminent Earthquakes 159
Conclusion 160
References 161
CHAPTER 15. TIDAL GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS IN CHINA 167
Abstract 167
Introduction 167
Results of the Analysis of the Registrations 168
Comparison with the Calculated Oceanic Loading and Attraction Effects 170
Comparison of Guangzhou and Hong Kong Station 175
The Problem of the Calibrations 176
Acknowledgements 176
References 176
CHAPTER 16. ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHASE OF SOLID TIDAL STRESS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES OCCURRED IN THE MAINLAND OF CHINA 181
Abstract 181
Introduction 181
The Characteristics of the Phases of Solid Tidal Stress for Different Types of Earthquake Sequences 182
Discussion 187
Conclusion 189
References 189
CHAPTER 17. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL OCEANIC TIDAL LOAD ON THE BTTZ* AREA AND ON THE INLAND OF CHINA 193
Abstract 193
Introduction 193
Calculation Method 194
Results 195
Discussion 197
Acknowledgements 198
References 198
CHAPTER 18. STRUCTURES OF CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN SOUTHERN PART OF BEIJING-TIANJIN TANGSHAN AREA 201
Abstract 201
1. Positions of the Profiles and the Geological Structures in This Region 201
2. Main Phases Observed 202
3. Data Processing of the RW Profile—Laterally Homogeneous Model 202
4. Data Processing of the HY Profile Laterally Inhomogeneous Model 203
5. Discussions 204
Acknowledgements 205
References 205
CHAPTER 19. THE ISOSTASY AND CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF PANZHIHUA-XICHANG REGION IN SOUTHWESTERN CHINA 211
Abstract 211
Introduction 211
Isostatic Response Function 212
The Inversion of Crostai Density 213
Results and Discussion 214
References 215
CHAPTER 20. THE CHANGES OF GEOMAGNETIC TOTAL FIELD IN BEIJING AREA BEFORE AND AFTER THE 1976 TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE 219
Abstract 219
Introduction 219
Data 220
The Statistic Methods 221
The Change of the Geomagnetic Statistic Parameters Before and After the Tangshan Earthquake 222
The Normal Variation of the Geomagnetic Total Field in Beging Survey Area 223
The Statistic Features of the Geomagnetic Total Field Before and After the Tangshan Earthquake (1975.2—1977.2) 224
Summary and Discussion 226
References 226
CHAPTER 21. ANALYSIS OF SECULAR VARIATIONS OF NON-DIPOLE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD IN EAST ASIA 235
Abstract 235
Introduction 235
Data and Processing 236
The Temporal and Spatial Characteristic Features of Non-Dipole Geomagnetic Field in East Asia 238
Comparison of the Results with the IGRF Model 238
Main Results and Discussions 239
References 240
CHAPTER 22. ON 'PALAEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE' FOR A RELATIVE ROTATION FOR THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF WITH RESPECT TO STABLE EUROPE 257
Abstract 257
Introduction 257
Data Analysis 257
Proposal 258
References 258
CHAPTER 23. THE WANDERING PATH OF VIRTUAL GEOMAGNETIC POLE DURING THE LAST 6000 YEARS 261
Abstract 261
Introduction 261
Samples and Measurements 263
Results and Discussion 263
Acknowledgements 266
References 266
CHAPTER 24. Kp CATEGORY OF MAGNETIC DISTURBANCES AND FLARE ACTIVITIES 271
Abstract 271
KP Category of Magnetic Disturbances 271
Velocity-Dependent Characteristics 272
Flare-Dependent Characteristics 272
N-S and E-W Asymmetries 272
Discussions 273
Acknowledgements 274
References 274
CHAPTER 25. GEOSOUND AND NANOEARTHQUAKE 279
Abstract 279
Introduction 279
Main Results 280
Precursory Geosound and Nanoearthquake 282
Geosound Data Processing 284
Observation System 287
Acknowledgment 287
References 287
CHAPTER 26. MODEL 763 LONG-PERIOD SEISMOGRAPH 297
Abstract 297
Introduction 297
The Principles and Structures of the Instruments 298
Main Performance Indexes of the Instrument 300
Observation and Discussion 301
Acknowledgements 302
References 302
CHAPTER 27. EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION RESEARCH— A PERSONAL VIEW OF THE PROBLEMS AND THE DIRECTIONS WHICH FUTURE WORK SHOULD TAKE 309
Piezomagnetic Experiments 309
Velocity Anomalies 310
Strain, Tilt and Geodetic Surveying 311
Electrical Resistivity 311
Radon 312
Foreshocks 312
Conclusions 312
References 312
ABSTRACTS OF GRADUATE'S PAPERS 315
ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND DEFORMATION OF ROCK UNDER CREEP 317
SEISMIC RISK ANALYSIS FOR BEIJING TIANJIN-TANGSHAN AREA 319
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE CALIBRATION METHODS FOR THE OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEM OF A SEISMOGRAPH NETWORK 321
THE ATTENUATION OF THE MEDIUM-PERIOD P-WAVES IN CHINA AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS 323
REINTERPRETATION OF DEEP SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA FROM WEINAN-JINDUICHENG PROFILE 325
Initial Data Processing 325
The Crystalline Basement Structure 325
A Two-Dimensional Model of the Crust 326
Conclusions 326
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF STRONG EARTHQUAKES 329
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RESPONSES OF EM INDUCTION FOR DIFFERENT CONDUCTIVITY STRUCTURES 333
ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND ITS APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION 335
COMPUTATION OF SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS IN LAYERED INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DEEP SEISMIC SOUNDING DATA 339
A STUDY ON THE SOURCE PARAMETERS OF FOUR GREAT EARTHQUAKES AND THE REGIONAL FEATURE OF MEDIUM RESISTANCE 341
RUPTURE PROCESS AND SEISMIC INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION 343
PERIODIC STRUCTURE OF RECURRENT SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL DISTURBANCES 345
AUTOMATIC HANDLING OF SEISMIC REFRACTIONDATA IN SEISMOLOGICAL SURVEY 347
REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ATTENUATION OF CHINESE EARTHQUAKES 
349 

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.9.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8044-6 / 1483280446
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8044-8 / 9781483280448