Nuclear Radiation (eBook)

Techniques for Radioactivity Measurements

Harold Spencer Jones (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
202 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-2680-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Part I: Nuclear Radiation: Techniques for Radioactivity Measurements covers the techniques for radioactivity measurement, observations of aurora and airglow, and instructions for the longitude and altitude program. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 11 chapters. The first part presents the techniques for radioactivity measurements. The second part describes the geographical distribution, visual observations, and photographic and photometric evaluations of aurora and airglow. The third part provides instructions for operation of the moon-position camera, including camera settings and operation, field plotting, and star marking. This part also presents additional instructions for PZT use in the longitude and latitude program. This book will prove useful to geophysicists and researchers in the allied fields.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Nuclear Radiation: Techniques for Radioactivity Measurements 8
Table of Contents 10
Chapter 1. NUCLEAR RADIATION TECHNIQUES FOR RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS 12
1 Introduction 12
2 Measurement of Particulate Airborne Fission Products at Ground Level 12
3. Measurement of Particulate Airborne Fission Product Activity at High Altitudes 14
4 Measurement of the Deposition of Fission Product Activity 15
5 Measurement of Natural Radioactivity of the Air 15
6 Determination of Total Fission Products and Radio-carbon in Sea-water 16
APPENDIX Information to be Provided and Forms to be Used for the Reporting of Radioactivity Measurements 18
PART II AURORA AND AIRGLOW 26
Table of contents 28
Chapter I—THE AURORA IN MIDDLE AND LOW LATITUDES 30
1 Introduction 30
2 Geographical Distribution 30
3 Auroras and the Geomagnetic Latitude 31
4 Outstanding Tropical Auroras 33
5 Later Outstanding Auroras 35
6 Polar Auroras during the International Geophysical Year 37
7 Lower Latitude Auroras during the International Geophysical Year 37
8 Alerts and Special World Intervals 38
9 IGY National Reporters for the Aurora 40
10 IGY Regional Auroral Reporters 41
11 Equipment of Observers 41
12 Photographic Observations 42
13 When is a Low-Latitude Aurora most likely to be seen? 42
14 Occasions of Exceptional Airglow Luminosity 43
Note added in 1957 February 44
Chapter II—VISUAL AURORAL OBSERVATION 46
1 General Information for National Auroral Reporters 46
2 The Minimum Program of Visual Auroral Record 56
3 Extensions of the Minimum Auroral Record 61
4 General Information for Observers 83
APPENDIX I 95
APPENDIX II Books and Articles on the Aurora 96
APPENDIX III The Range of Geomagnetic Latitude for Many Countries and Islands, 
97 
APPENDIX IV Types and Objectives of Instrumental Auroral Investigation 100
APPENDIX V Auroral Reporters and Others interested in Auroral and Airglow Observation, or in research on auroral and airglow records 101
APPENDIX VI Favorable Periods for the Occurrence of Great Auroras 104
APPENDIX VII Mistaken Reports of Auroras 105
APPENDIX VIII Illustration of the Greater Convenience of Reports in Tabular Form rather than in Narrative Form 107
Chapter Ill—AURORAL PHOTOGRAPHY 109
1 Single Station 109
2 Height-Measurement Photographs 111
3 Photometer or Exposure Meter of the Aurora 113
Chapter IV—VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE AIRGLOW AND OTHER NONAURORAL LUMINOSITIES OF THE NIGHT SKY 117
1 The Airglow 117
2 The Zodiacal Light 118
3 The Noctilucent Clouds 119
4 The Mother-of-Pearl Clouds 120
Chapter V—PHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATION OF THE AIRGLOW 122
1 Introduction 122
2 The Unit of Absolute Intensities (the Rayleigh) 122
3 The Spectrum of the Night Airglow 122
4 Methods of Observation 126
5 The Calibration for Absolute Intensities 128
6 Contamination of the Observations 138
7 Remarks on the Standardization of Data Processing 138
8 Instrumentation 143
References 143
PART III LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES 148
Table of Contents 150
Chapter I—INSTRUCTIONS POUR LA PRÉSENTATION DES RÉSULTATS DES SERVICES HORAIRES PENDANT LA PÉRIODE 1957-58 ET LA RÉDUCTION DES OBSERVATIONS FAITES AVEC DES INSTRUMENTS DE PASSAGES 152
1 Introduction 152
2 Communication des résultats 153
3 Observations astronomiques 154
4 Heure interpolée 155
5 Réductions des observations astronomiques à l'observatoire de Paris 155
Chapter II—INSTRUCTIONS POUR LA DÉTERMINATION DE L'HEURE ET DE LA LATITUDE AVEC L'ASTROLABE IMPERSONNEL A. DANJON 158
Etoiles observées, constitution des groupes 158
Mise en station de l'instrument 159
Marche des observations 159
Réductions 160
Résultats à faire parvenir au B.I.H. 160
Chapter Ill—INSTRUCTIONS POUR L'EMPLOI DE LA RADIOÉLECTRICITÉ DANS L'OPÉRATION MONDIALE DES LONGITUDES ET DES LATITUDES 162
1 Généralités 162
2 Stations émettrices de signaux horaires 163
3 Choix des fréquences à la réception 165
4 Choix des récepteurs 167
5 Méthodes d'enregistrement des signaux 169
Retards expérimentaux 172
Durées de trajet 176
8 Comparaison électronique des garde-temps 178
9 Conclusions 180
ANNEXES 185
Chapter IV—INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION OF THE MOON-POSITION CAMERA 202
1 Observations 202
2 Camera Settings 202
3 Camera Operation 202
4 Chronograph Record 202
5 Developing 203
6 Plotting the Field 203
7 Marking the Stars 203
8 Shipment 203
Chapter V—INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF THE PZT IN THE LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE PROGRAMME 204
1 Stations 205
2 Nature of the Observations 205
3 Instruments 205
4 Radio Transmissions 206
5 Reduction, Centralization and Discussion of Observations 207
6 Determination of Longitudes by Photographic Observations of the Moon 207
7 Equipment required for Stations participating in the International Plan 208

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-2680-8 / 1483226808
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-2680-4 / 9781483226804